备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略04 阅读理解之细节理解题（教师版）.docx

备横2023高考阅读之细节理解题内容板块一题型解析板块二高考真题感悟板块三模考题练手板块四课后习题训练一：题型解析1：细节理解题设题方式1 .数字计算题一加减乘除巧破解2 .直接细节题一妙搜复现巧比对3 .综合细节题一同义转述善概括2：细节理解题设问方式1. Which of the following statement is true?2. Which of the following is mentioned in the text?3. The author ( or the passage) states that.4. According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.).?5. According to the passage, we can learn that.3：解题思路1：数字计算题一加减乘除巧破解计算考查注意特殊信息：特殊数字：decade; fortnight; overnight; double ; couple; dozen; score特殊词汇：L for free/free of charge 2. off discount例题分析：ChargesThe charge for a standard-sized plate is $ 20 regardless of the colour you choose. A fixed charge of $100 per plate for the design and printing of the message is also payable. For orders of two to four plates, customers may get a 15% discount. For orders of five to ten plates, the cost of per plate is reduced to $12 and the design and printing of the message is just $75 per plate.1 ： How much should you pay for six ceramic plates?A. $480.B. $522.C. $612.D. $720.解析：细节理解题。根据 Charges 部分中的“For orders of five to ten plates, the cost of per plate is reduced to $12 and the design and printing of the message is just $75 per plate.(对于数量 5 至!J 10 的订单， 每版的成本降低到12美元，每版信息的设计和印刷只需75美元。)”可知，如果购买六个瓷盘的每个瓷16岁时最让她感动的是：参观寄养中心。故选D。24.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Paparella is convinced these contributions give the recipients hope and confidence. Leszyeski agrees.”（帕帕雷拉相信，这些捐赠给了接受者希望和信心。Leszyeski表示同意。） 以及“It makes me feel like Pm not different from other people. My whole life, I've felt abnormal, Now, I feel normal."（这让我觉得我和其他人没有什么不同。我之前觉得不正常的生活，现在已经感觉正常了。） 可知，Leszyeski认为这个组织给她带来了信心和希望。故选B。Passage CIn his 1939 essay Selfishness and Self-Lone, Erich Fromm, a world-famous psychologist declared that “modem culture teaches that to be selfish is evil and that to love others is virtuous." In his essay, Fromm argues that such a teaching could make people feel guilty to show themselves healthy self-love, which he defines as the respect fbr one's own happiness, growth, and freedom.Fromm argues that selfishness, an interest only in oneself, is actually the opposite of self-love, which means the ability to give with pleasure and also to respect the needs of others. To Fromm, love is an attitude whether it is directed outward or inward. In contrast, Fromm argued that selfishness is a kind of greediness "which exhausts the person in an endless effort to satisfy his own needs without ever reaching satisfaction”.Inspired by Fromm's essay, Abraham Maslow wrote an essay in which he distinguished "healthy selfishness from unhealthy selfishness. Maslow argued that “we must not assume that selfish or unselfish behavior is either good or bad. It may be true that at certain times, selfish behavior is good, but at other times, it is bad. It is also the case concerning unselfish behavior." Maslow goes on to state that what appears to be unselfish behavior may come out of selfish motivations. Maslow stressed that it is sometimes necessary to teach people at certain times to engage in a "healthfully selfish mannerto have a healthy respect fbr one's self coming out of inner riches.A recent analysis of literature found that people who care about the welfare of others experience greater relationship well-being. However, such relationship well-being is maximized when people are not neglecting themselves in their care for others. Therefore, although the benefits of caring about others' welfare have been well-documented, the role of healthy selfishness in contributing to relationship well-being may have been ignored. 29. To Fromm, modern culture teaches that people should.A. feel ashamed to be selfishB. be punished if they're selfishC. be forbidden to talk about selfishnessD. feel guilty if they don't love themselves30. How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?A. By listing figures.B. By analyzing causes.C. By providing examples.D. By comparing definitions.31. Which of the following statements may Maslow agree with?A. Selfish behavior is bad all the time.B. Unselfish behavior should be valued more.C. Rich people have a healthy respect fbr one's self.D. Selfish motivations may lead to unselfish behavior.32. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A. Our welfare is only based on our care for others.B. People should care about themselves more than others.C. People who care about others don't care about themselves.D. Healthy selfishness can contribute to our relationship well-being. 解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了健康的自私和不健康的自私。而最近一项对文献的分析发现：健 康的自私有助于我们的关系健康。29 .细节理解题。根据第一段“modern culture teaches that to be selfish is evil and that to love others is virtuous4现代文化教导我们，自私是邪恶的，爱他人是美德。）”可知，弗洛姆认为，现代文化教导人们应 该为自私感到羞耻。故选A。30 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Fromm argues that selfishness, an interest only in oneself, is actually the opposite of self-love, which means the ability to give with pleasure and also to respect the needs of others4弗洛姆认为，自私，一种只对自己有兴趣的东西，实际上是自爱的对立面，自爱是指愉快地给予 的能力，同时也尊重他人的需要。）”可推断，第二段的主要通过比较定义来表达观点。故选D。31 .细节理解题。根据第三段“Maslow goes on to state that what appears to be unselfish behavior may come out of sei行sh motivations.（马斯洛继续指出，看似无私的行为可能是出于自私的动机。）”可知，马斯 洛认为自私的动机可能导致无私的行为。故选D。32 .推理判断题。根据最后一段"Therefore, although the benefits of caring about others' welfare have been well-documented, the role of healthy selfishness in contributing to relationship well-being may have been ignored4因此，尽管关心他人福祉的好处已经被充分证明，但健康的自私在促进关系健康中的作用可 能被忽视了。）”可推断，健康的自私有助于我们的关系健康。故选D。目录内容板块一名校模拟题板块二省市联考题板块三篇章训练题名校模拟题（湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三月考试卷二）But that did not stop him from doing what he loved and pursuing his dreams. Nothing seemed to stop him, not even stolen shoes. Just hours before Thorpe was going to compete in the 1912 Olympics, somebody stole his shoes. Thorpe improvised（临时拼凑）by getting shoes out of the garbage. The shoes were two different sizes. He wore an extra pair of socks on one foot to even them out.1 ： Why did Thorpe wear more socks on one foot?A. To prevent the foot from injury.B. To make the shoe fit the foot.C. To stop the shoe from being stolen.D. To show his problem-solving skills.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The shoes were two different sizes. He wore an extra pair of socks on one foot to even them out”（鞋子有两个不同的尺寸，他一只脚上多穿了一双袜子来平衡。）可知，两 只鞋大小不一，因此索普多穿袜子就是为了让鞋合脚。故选B。（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考一）A new study published Monday in an American Heart Association journal Hypertension, examined 360,000 participants who provided blood, urine and saliva（n垂液）samples, as well as detailed information about their lifestyles. Researchers found that adults who napped often were more likely to develop high blood pressure and have a stroke. But that doesn*t mean the napping causes these health issues一instead, napping may be due to unhealthy behaviors. The researchers found that a high percentage of frequent nappers reported cigarette smoking, daily drinking, insomnia（失眠症）and other factors that could contribute to health-related issues.2： Why are adults often taking daytime napping more at risk of high blood pressure and strokes?A. Because the frequent daytime napping causes these health issues.B. Because the daytime napping is less restorative than nighttime sleep.C. Because you can't get more out of the daytime napping.D. Because the frequent daytime napping is more likely caused by some unhealthy behaviors.解析：.D。细节理解题。通过第一段"But that doesn't mean the napping causes these health issues instead, napping may be due to unhealthy behaviors. The researchers found that a high percentage of frequent nappers reported cigarette smoking, daily drinking, insomnia佚眠症）and other factors that could contribute to health-related issues.（并不是午睡会导致这些健康问题相反，午睡可能是由于不健康的习惯 产生的。研究人员发现，高比例的频繁午睡者报告吸烟、每日饮酒、失眠和其他可能导致健康问题的因素。）” 所以选D。（黑龙江省大庆中学2023届高三上学期开学考试英语试题）When I volunteered to spend a hot summer on a land-based whale-watching project in the West of Scotland, the project secretary warned me, “ You have to be able to detect the whales from the shore it's not as easy as you think." Although I assumed I was well-qualified for the job at the start of the project I had a few embarrassing moments screaming “Whale!” before realizing that what I was pointing out were only waves breaking over underwater rocks, not sea creatures at all! After a while, I trained my eyes to “see" to distinguish between waves hitting rocks and the rolling movement of whales underwater.3 ： What did the author learn from the embarrassing moments?A. It was hard to carry out the project.B. The project secretary was very strict.C. Most whales were not afraid of humans.D. Whale-watching was not as easy as expected.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"the project secretary warned me, "You have to be able to detect the whales from the shore - ifs not as easy as you think.”（项目秘书警告我说："你必须能够从岸上发现鲸鱼这并不像你想象的那么容易J）”可知，作者从这些尴尬的时刻中学到了观鲸不像预期的那么容易。 故选D。（云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考卷二）In 2007, when Nyad was sixty years old, her mother died. She started to think about her own life. In the thirty years when she didn' t swim, she always thought about the possibility of trying again. She didn' t want to die without achieving her goal. She started to train again. By the summer of 2011, she tried again and failed again after twenty-nine hours in the water. She tried two more times and failed to reach Florida each time. What kinds of problems did she face? There were attacks by jellyfish, bad weather, and breathing problems from asthma （哮喘）. How did she solve the problem of jellyfish? For her fifth attempt, she wore a bodysuit and mask to protect against jellyfish stings. On August 31,2013, after fifty-three hours of swimming, she reached the Florida shore, thirty-five years after her first attempt. Nyad achieved what younger and stronger swimmers could not.4： 25. How many failures has Nyad experienced since 2007?A. 5.B.4.C. 2.D. 1.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数二、H/rJ aFor her fifth attempt, she wore a bodysuit and mask to protect against jellyfish stings. On August 31, 2013, after fifty-three hours of swimming, she reached the Florida shore, thirty-five years after her first attempt.（第五次尝试时，她穿上了紧身衣，戴上了 口罩，以防 被水母蛰伤。2013年8月31日，在游了 53个小时后，她到达了佛罗里达海岸，这距离她第一次尝试已 经过去了 35年）”可知，自2007年以来，Nyad经历了 4次失败。故选B。（宁夏回族自治区银川一中2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考）“The pile of ice is so thick; it extends more than 10, 000 feet above the ocean. And if all that ice were to melt and go into the ocean, global sea levels would rise by about 24 feet everywhere around the world,v said Jason Briner, a geologist who studies the ice sheet in Greenland at the University of Buffalo. The ice sheet of the biggest island in the world is melting, and the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive. The ice sheet is melting, of course. But just how much, compared to the past?5： What do we know about the Greenland ice sheet?A. It is as thick as over 10,000 feet.B. It is becoming smaller and smaller.C. It has raised sea levels by 24 feet.D. It is the largest ice sheet in the world.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"The ice sheet of the biggest island in the world is melting, and the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive.（世界上最大的岛屿的冰盖正在融化，而位于岛上的冰盖非常巨大）”可知， 格陵兰冰盖正在融化，即越变变小。故选B项。（黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试）“My home is just not safe for her. So this is an alternative. She' s here, but she has her own space. It? s set up for her. It' s safe for her and it' s not a nursing home. We are actually her primary caretakers, and she won' t feel lonely in this place. ”The MED Cottage is small-just 28 square meters. But it has separate areas for living and bathing. There is even space for medical equipment. The builder included special soft padding under the floor so older adults will not break a bone if they fall. From her own house, Soc Page can use cameras and intercom equipment to see and hear her mother.6： How does the project affect Viola Baez?A. She won' t hurt herself when she falls.B. It meets all her medical needs.C. She won' t be disturbed by anyone.D. She has her own private space.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的"She' s here, but she has her own space. It, s set up for her. It s safe for her and it' s not a nursing home.（她在这里，但她有自己的空间。这是为她准备的。这对她来说 是安全的，并且这里不是养老院）”可知，该项目使得Viola Baez有自己的私人空间。故选D。（福建省连城县第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期暑期月考英语试题）Ozmo is also expected to be much more efficient than humans. While it currently takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will single-handedly complete the task in just 80 hours. However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not replace human workers. It will only make their jobs safer by lifting them to the role of supervisors, who will be remotely controlling the operation from below.Whether Ozmo, which is still undergoing testing, does as good a job as human remains to be seen.7.What can we learn about Ozmo from the passage?A.It requires chemicals to clean.B.It has trouble crossing obstacles.C.It operates with great efficiency.D.It works without human helpers.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 Ozmo is also expected to be much more efficient than humans. Ozmo 也被认为比人类的效率更高。While it currently takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will single-handedly complete the task in just 80 hours,可知 相对人工清理一栋40层楼的玻璃建筑，人工需要480小时，而该机器人仅需80小时。可知Ozmo的工 作效率很高。故选C。省市联考题（2022 广西南宁一模）Like most kids, Kenney spent his free time playing with Legos. As he got older, he got trained in his artistic skills as a cartoonist, studying visual arts at Rutgers University. Upon graduation he worked as a graphic（平面）designer, often including Lego bricks into his work. It wasn' t until a botanical garden in Iowa approached him about making replicas（复制品）of some of its flowers and plants that he made the natural world his subject.1. What inspired Sean Kenney to focus his works on nature?A. His wonderful artistic skills as a cartoonist.B. His previous work as a graphic designer.C. Some flowers and plants in the natural world.D. His working experience in a botanical garden.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"It wasn' t until a botanical garden in Iowa approached him aboutmaking replicas of some of its flowers and plants that he made the natural world his subject.（直至!j爱荷华州 的一个植物园找到他，让他复制那里的一些花卉和植物，他才把自然世界作为他的主题。）”可知，是他 在植物园的工作经验激发了肖恩肯尼将他的作品聚焦于自然。故选D。（2022 四川成都二诊）Indian stepwells are nothing new, having provided access to fresh water for years before they were abandoned. And while they are a part of Indian cultural heritage, they had lost their purpose for some time, until now. As the extreme droughts are rocking India, these ancient stepwells are restored for what they do best - providing water.Shaped like an upside-down pyramid digging into the ground and lined by thousands of steps, stepwells can collect rainwater. They are wonderfully efficient at providing water for nearly 1,500 years. Sadly, over 3,000 stepwells have either been abandoned or left to rot, with some even