2023届北京市第十五中学高三下学期一模考试英语试题含解析.docx

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1 .答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2 .选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3 .请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4 .保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题L 5分，满分30分）.We didn't find the Blacks during the lecture.-No one had told them about a lecture.A. there to beB. there being C. there beD. there was-What happened to the young trees we planted last week?The trees well, but I didn't water them.A. might growB. needn*t have grownC. would grow D. would have grown1. That was not the first time he us. I think it*s high time we strong actions against him.A. betrayed, takeB. had betrayed, tookC. has betrayed, took D. has betrayed, take2. At that time, my mind was a complete; I couldn't think of a single answer.A. blankB. bonusC. blow D. bottom3. The expert points out the phenomenon that cream goes bad faster than butter its structure rather than itschemical composition.A. lives up toB. gets down toC. comes down to D. stands up to4. That Was the first time she alone at home during the weekends, bored to death.A. has left B. has been left C. had left D. had been leftPm interested in a blue dress. Do you have any?A. convenient B. available C. possible D. personalCould you please cut the price a little?-Er.you buy more than ten.A even if B. so long as C. in case D as soon asA heavy sandstorm is going to envelop our city. It is unwise to have your car .A. wash B. washedC. washing D. to wash5. When tension in a relationship between two people, a frequent way of dealing with this is to send messages sure they follow a healthy diet. And in fact many foreign countries have their own ways to make students eat（healthy）< For example, many parents in Australia volunteer in schools, sometimes in canteens,do their best to see that9, （they） children are served nutritious food. In Japan, there is "food and nutrition education”.This helps childrenacquire “a sense of gratitude （感恩）“and appreciate foods and social manners.”第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Last Monday, I learned a lesson about tell lies> Early in the morning, I didn't want to go to the school, but I pretended to feel ilk My mother was very worrying when I told her> She left quickly and I thought she has gone to work、But soon, she came back with a bottle of pill> She said that she had asked for a day off from work to look me、I felt a little guilty but I dared not tell the truth、 That afternoon, my teacher came to visit me、 I felt so regretfully for telling lies、 Finally, I admitted I had lain and promised never to do them again> 43 第二节书面表达（满分25分）（25分）假定你是李华，暑假刚刚去澳大利亚交流学习，认识了澳大利亚本地的笔友Bruce,他也是一位高中男生, 他对中国高中生的生活很兴趣，常常跟你写信交流。他来信想了解暑假中国高中生的生活和学习，请你给他写一封回 信。内容包括：1 .国内高中学生暑假一般怎样度过.分享你暑假的见闻感受2 .感谢他对你的关照注意：1.词数120左右；3 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考答案第一部分（共20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分）1、B2、D3、B4、A5、C6、D7、B8、B9、B10、B11、D12、D13、C14、D15、C16、C17、D18、B19、C20、B第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21、 1、 A2、B3、D4、B22、 1、 C2、A3、D4、C23、 1、 B2、A3、B4、C24、 1、 C2、A 3、B4、D1、 A2、D3、C4、D5、B第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.25、 1、 D2、A3、B4、A5、C6、A7、B8、A9、B10、AH、C12、D第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27、1. wherea2. suggestionswithout3. Howeverharmful4. is designedto monitor5. healthilytheir第四部分写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）28、1、tell 改为 telling2、去掉the3、but 改为 so 或 and4、worrying 改为 worried5、has 改为 had6、pill 改为 pills7、me前添加after8、regretfully 改为 regretful9、lain 改为 liedthem 改为 it 或 that第二节书面表达（满分25分）29、Dear Bruce,How have you been recently? Hope everything goes smoothly with you. And thank you for the help you offered during my stay in Australia. I am very happy to share my life here.You told me you are interested to know teenagers and their life as well, and I am here to tell you something about our summer holidays. Students in senior middle school usually have two months off, which last from July to the end of August. We spend most of our holiday on cram classes. Most families will arrange a great travel, during which time parents and kids will travel home and abroad. Some of us have study tour like what I had this summer in your country. I really enjoyed the tour, and I learned a lot from it. What impressed most is the friendliness and kindness you and your people brought to me, and I will cherish all forever.Do write back soon.Yours sincerelyLi Huathrough a third person.A. arouses B. arises C. rises D. raisesThe importance a national day and how it is celebrated are very different from country to country.A. connected to B. given to C. meaning to D. attached to一What a consequence!Yes. I him about it, but without success.A. will remind B. would remindC. was reminding D. had reminded6. Smoking should be banned in public.一.It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers.A. rd love to B. Ifs my pleasureC. Pm with you on that D. Ifs up to you7. I'm sorry. I shouldn't have been so rude to you.You something not very nice to me, but thafs OK.A. have said B. had said C. were saying D. did sayThe boy stood his head down, listening to his mother scolding him for breaking the windows.A. for B. of C. with D. aroundWas it from the lake he often went fishing he saved the drowning girl?A. that; that B. where; whereC. where; that D. that; where8. “It might have saved me a lot of money”, Mr. Chen sighed, u timely from the stock market this July”.A. did I withdrawB. should I withdrawC have I withdrawn D. had I withdrawn9. Taught in a more professional way, you the swimming skill much better.A. might masterB. would have masteredC. can have mastered D. could master10. The news shocked the public, to great concern about students* safety at school.A having ledB. ledC. leading D. to lead11. . We will remain to the path of peaceful development and shoulder more international responsibilities.A. committing B. committed C. to be committed D. to have committed第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21. （6 分）Our solar system might be crazier than we once thought. Scientists say that deep within Uranus （天王星） and Neptune （海王星）it rains diamonds.On Earth, diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure. The inside of Uranus and Neptune also has high temperatures and pressures. Whafs more, the blue planets are largely made up of icy water and gases such as methane（甲烷）.So scientists have long believed that deep inside the two planets, the heat and pressure the methane into hydrogen （氢）and carbon （碳）Then diamond rain would form, falling toward the center of the planets.But no one could prove that this would really work-until now. In a study published recently in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists say they were able to create this kind of “diamond rainM in a lab, reported The Guardian.Scientists used high-powered lasers to create pairs of shockwaves through a kind of plastic. The plastic is made from hydrogen and carbon, much like methane. The shock waves created high pressure and heat, like that inside Uranus and Neptune.“The experimental time is very short, Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. nThat we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very, very surprising”.The diamonds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers （纳米）wide. Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus. Then they might slowly sink toward the planets center because of gravity.K What factor is needed to form diamonds?A. Extreme heat and pressure B. Hydrogen and carbonC. Icy water and gases D. High-powered lasers2、What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph?A. Unsuccessful B. SmallC Real D. Natural3、How did scientists prove the theory of forming diamond?A. By giving examples B. By stating argumentC. By explaining statistical data D. By doing experiments4、What can be referred from the text?A. There are many high-powered lasers in Neptune and UranusDeep inside Neptune and Uranus could be full of diamondsB. The shockwaves inside Neptune and Uranus crate high pressure and heat.C. Scientists long believe that there are diamonds inside Neptune and Uranus22. （8 分） If you feel sick or uncomfortable, you might seek out a doctor. But what to do if you don't quite know where you fit into this world and you're tired of carrying that burden alone?I answered strangers5 questions on life puzzles at the entrance to the New York City subway at 57th and 8th. Agroup of strangers had stopped by because they were carrying around some deep, meaningful questions that had long gone unanswered, like “why can't I be happier in my life?”And then I spotted her, who would be my toughest questioner of the day. She was about 6 years old and held her mother's hand as she craned （伸长脖子）her neck to stare at us. Her mother stopped, but the girl hesitated. "It's OK J I offered. uDo you have a question?” The girl smiled at her mother, then let go of her hand to walk over towards us. She looked me dead in the eye and said: "How do I know Fm real?”Suddenly I was back in graduate school. Should I talk about the French philosopher Rene Descartes to prove our existence, with the phrase "I think, therefore I am?” Or, mention English philosopher G E. Moore and his famous “here is one hand, here is the other,“ to prove the existence of the external world? But then the answer came to me. I remembered that the most important part of philosophy was feeding our sense of wonder. "Close your eyes J I said. She did. "Well, did you disappear?59 She smiled and shook her head, then opened her eyes. Congratulations, you're real/5She grinned （露齿而笑）broadly and walked over to her mother, who looked back at us and smiled.1、Why did the author show up at the entrance of the subway?A. To take the subway.C. To offer advice on life puzzles.B. To look for strangers9 help.D To help strangers carry their bags.2、What made the little girl stare at the author?A. Curiosity.B. Horror.3、How did the girl Hnd the answer?A. By hearing a story.C. By referring to others' words.C. Excitement. D. Nervousness.B. By learning philosophy.D. By having a real experience.4、Which of the following can best describe the author?A. Strict and smart.B. Honest and brave.C. Clever and helpful.D. Humorous and sociable23. （8 分） A new study has discovered that meditation （冥想）and oxygen sport together reduce depression. The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students/9 said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. uIt is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression/9Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect on combatina depression. Aiderman and Dr. TraceyShors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training （MAP） enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus-part of the brain involved in memory and learning-says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.The idea for the human intervention （干预）came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are flghting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past, Shors says.“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health." said Alderman. uThe good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.” 1> What made the research so different?A. Adopting a way of meaningful talk.B. Combining the two behavioral ways to treat depression.C. Treating depression with special medicine.D. Comparing the depressed with the non-depressed.2、The underlined word "combating” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced byfightingB. identifyingC. distinguishingD. examining3、What did the participants do in the research?A. They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.A. They thought quietly and then took exercise.C They took exercise longer than they thought.D. They took exercise while thinking quietly.4、What is Shors' main purpose of her studies?A. To find out certain brain cells of humans.B. To study the production of new brain cells.C. To offer people a new method to treat stress.To decide the links between stress and exercise.24. （8 分） Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses （晶状体），he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus （磷）. He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine （氯）,though he didn't get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.Eugene Shoemaker was a r