2022-2023学年北京市第八十中学高三（上）月考英语试卷（10月）（附答案详解）.docx

2022.2023学年北京市第八十中学高三（上）月考英语试卷（10月）一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）ASo you're looking to ski at one of the best? We've done the hard work for you.BreckenridgeBreckenridge is an extremely popular ski destination. It's undoubtedly an awesome mountain to ride, but it can also get discouragingly crowded. This is not surprising given all the things Breckenridge has going for it: affordable lodging （借宿）,an abundance of slopes and North America's highest lift. The town atmosphere is fun and relaxing, plus there are a ton of shopping, dining, and drinking options to choose from. With so much to offer, Breckenridge makes for a great ski resort that suits all budgets.Aspen SnowmassAspen is the ultimate ski destination for the rich and has evolved into four separate ski areas: Aspen, Snowmass, Buttermilk, and Aspen Highlands. They're all linked by a shuttle system, accessible with a single ticket, and gathered around one of the greatest ski towns in the world. Aspen is truly the king of apres-ski （滑雪后的社交娱乐）with endless dining and nightlife options! It's also one of the few ski resorts in Colorado where you won't be affected by altitude sickness. For all the appeal that brings celebrities here, Aspen does come at a price.Jackson HoleJackson Hole is infamous for its extreme terrain （地形）and steeps with the most continuous vertical in the US. Although it has the reputation of an expert's paradise, recent improvements have made intermediate terrain easier to access. On the other side, Jackson Hole is not ideal for first-timers and kids due to the lack of beginner terrain. Crowds can also be an issue. If you*re looking for ski-in/ski-out access, stay in Teton Village which has a handful of bars; if not, the town of Jacks.1. If you are a beginner with a tight budget, which skiing resort may you choose?A. Buttermilk.B. Breckenridge.C. Jackson Hole.D. Aspen Snowmass.2. What can we learn about Aspen Snowmass?(1)(2)(3)(4) 32. I honestly believe there*s a danger that the more connected we are, the more isolated we feel. I don't think this is such an issue for my generation whofve lived technology for so long. We know how to be alone and, more importantly, we know that it's OK to be alone. the under 20s are another kettle of fish. They're so busy that they never experience the feeling of solitude and run the risk of not learning how to enjoy their own company. In addition, they're learning conversation through messages that can (edit) and changed at the expense of learning the art of real conversation in real time with the person in front of you.(1)(2)(3) 五、阅读表达(本大题共1小题，共2.0分)33. In the summer of 2016, the ship MV Treasure sunk, creating an oil spill. Thirteen hundred tons of fuel oil were flowing right in the middle of the African Penguins* habitat. Soon the oil covered about 20,000 penguins. Without swift help, the seabirds would have no chance of survival.Volunteers were showing up by the thousands and I also took part in what was the largest animal rescue operation ever.A warehouse was turned into a rescue center near the habitat and hundreds of pools were built to hold about 100 oiled birds each. When walking into the center, I couldn't believe my ears. I had expected to walk into a chorus of honking and squawking (尖声叫).Instead, the center sounded like a library. The penguins were dead silent. My heart ached for the painful birds. Cleaning them all seemed like an impossible task. But we had to carry on like doctors in an emergency room. There was no time for doubt. Cleaning oil off a penguin wasn't easy. Even with more than 12,500 volunteers, it took a month to bathe all 20,000 birds at the center.While volunteers were busy bathing the oiled penguins, another crisis was developing. Oil fromthe spill had started moving north. Tens of thousands of penguins were in the oil's path. But wealready had our hands full with 20,000 recovering birds. If any more birds were oiled, we wouldn'thave enough resources to save them.One researcher came up with an idea: What if the penguins were temporarily moved out of harm's way? Experts decided to have a try. Volunteers rounded up the penguins and released them 500 miles away. The hope was that by the time the seabirds swam home, the oil would be gone. The plan worked! Another 20,000 penguins were saved.The entire penguin rescue took about three months. More than 90% of the oiled penguins were successfully returned to the wild. Looking back on the rescue, I am still amazed by the work of the volunteers. What I could hardly believe was that we accomplished an impossible task.(1) What threatened the African penguins' lives?(2) How did the author feel when walking into the rescue center?(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Volunteers could save the penguins in the oil's path because they cleaned the polluted habitat together.(4) What do you think of the rescue? Give your reasons. (In about 40 words)六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）34.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，下个月要参加某外国语大学的招生面试，在准备期间遇到了困难。请给你的外教Jim写一封邮件，向他寻求帮助，内容包括：1 .介绍招生面试的相关信息；2 .说明你的困难。注意:1 .词数100左右;2 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua答案和解析13.【答案】B、C、D【解析】L【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三处滑雪胜地。根据 Breckenridge 部分中的 With so much to offer, Breckenridge makes for a great ski resort that suits all budgets. （Breckenridge有这么多可提供的东西，是一个适合各种预算的绝佳滑雪胜地。）可知， Breckenridge适合所有预算的游客，也就是说如果你是一个预算紧张的初学者，你可以选择 Breckenridge。故选 B。2 .根据 Aspen Snowmass 部分中的 Aspen is the ultimate ski destination for the rich and has evolved into four separate ski areas （Aspen是富人的终极滑雪目的地，现已发展成四个独立的滑雪场）和They*re all linked by a shuttle system, accessible with a single ticket （它们都通过班车系统连接在一起，只需 一张票即可到达）可知，关于Aspen Snowmass,我们了解到一张票可以到四个滑雪区域，故选C。3 .根据Breckenridge部分中的it can also get discouragingly crowded（它也会变得令人沮丧地拥挤） 和最后一段关于Jackson Hole部分的Crowds can also be an issue （人群也可能是一个问题）可知， 两个景点的共同缺点是人多拥挤，故选D。46.【答案】D、B、C【解析】L【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了细心周到的外卖店经理通过观察到常客 Kirk Alexander打破了每天订餐的习惯，派人上门了解情况，发现Kirk Alexander患病在家，及时 报警，从而救了 Kirk Alexander性命的经历。根据第二段中的 The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino's was that they would see Alexander's name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p.m. and midnight several times a week.（对于Silverton Road Domino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上 11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上，每周会有好几次。） 和第五段的内容（Fuller告诉KATU.com： “我抬头看了看，他上次点单是多久以前的事，发现 是11天前的事了，这完全不是他的风格。”）可知，Fuller通过发现Kirk最近已经有11天（差 不多两周）没在外卖店下单了，感到不对劲。故选D。2 .由第二段中的 The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino's was that they would see Alexander's name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p.m. and midnight several times a week.（对于Silverton Road Domino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是,他们每周会在晚上 11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上，每周会有好几次。） 和第七段中的 Around 1 a.m. on Sunday, May 8, Fuller sent longtime delivery driver Tracey Hamblen to stop in at Alexander's home. Hamblen approached Alexander's door as he had countless times before and knocked. （5月8日星期日凌晨1点左右，Fuller派了长期送货司机Tracey Hamblen到亚历山大的 家中。Hamblen像以前无数次一样走到亚历山大家门前，敲了敲门。）可知，Alexander经常点外 卖，而Tracey Hamblen是派送员，从画线句推断出为二人十分相熟。故选B。3 .由第四段内容（这是5月7日一个悠闲的周六晚上，达美乐的总经理Sarah Fuller觉得她再也不 能忽视Alexander最近的缺席了。）可知，外卖店经理通过细心观察，察觉到了顾客Alexander的 点餐习惯发生的变化，最后救了 Alexander的命，告诉了我们“细节决定成败”的道理。故选C。710.【答案】C、D、C、D【解析】L【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人们来获得利益， 这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力。由第三段内容（我们对企业的指责也忽视了公众的最终责任，是他们创造出相应的条件，让企业 可以通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润。长期来看，无论是直接参与也好，通过政客也好，只有公 众才有权力让这些破坏性的政策变得无利可图或者违背法律，让可持续的环保政策能够盈利。） 可知，公众能创造相应条件让企业通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润，公众也可以通过行动让企业 从破坏环境的政策变得无利可图，概括可知第三段的主要思想是环境破坏可以通过普通人的行动 来预防。故选C。2 .由第四段内容（公众可以通过起诉企业伤害他们来实现这一点。公众也可以通过选择购买可持 续收获的产品来表达自己的意见；他们倾向于让政府将有价值的合同授予有良好环保记录的企业; 并敦促它们的政府通过和执行要求良好环境做法的法律法规。）可知，在第四段中，作者描述了 公众可以影响企业和政府的环境政策的方式。故选D。3 .由第五段内容（反过来，大企业可以对任何忽视公众或政府压力的供应商施加强大压力。例如， 在美国公众开始关注通过受感染的肉类传播给人类的疾病传播后，美国政府食品和药品管理局就 出台规定，要求肉制品行业放弃可能涉及疾病传播风险的做法。但是，肉类加工商拒绝遵守这些 规定，声称遵守规定的成本太高。然而，当一家大型快餐公司在消费者对其汉堡包的购买量大幅 下降之后也提出相应的要求时，肉制品行业在几周的时间里就屈从了。因此，公众的任务是确定 供应链中哪些环节对公众压力敏感。）可知，针对提到的疾病，在肉类加工商拒绝遵守这些规定 的前提下，一家快餐公司（施加压力）强制其肉类供应商遵守法律。故选C。4 .由第二段内容（人们很容易指责一家企业通过伤害他人来帮助自己。但单靠指责不太可能带来 改变。它忽视了企业不是慈善机构而是盈利公司的事实，企业有义务通过法律手段使股东的利润 最大化。）及第三段内容（我们对企业的指责也忽视了公众的最终责任，是他们创造出相应的条 件，让企业可以通过破坏环境的政策来赚取利润。长期来看，无论是直接参与也好，通过政客也 好，只有公众才有权力让这些破坏性的政策变得无利可图或者违背法律，让可持续的环保政策能 够盈禾！ o ）和第六段中的 Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself.（一些读者可能会感到失望 或愤怒，因为我把损害公众的商业行为的最终责任推到了公众身上。）和最后一段中的Ibelievethat changes in public attitudes are essential for changes in businesses* environmental practices.（我认为， 公 众态度的改变对企业环境实践的改变至关重要。）可知，文章论述了企业通过破坏环境和伤害人 们来获得利益，这是很正常的，但仅仅指责企业是没用的，还需发挥公众的作用和影响力，D项（大企业对环境造成的破坏应该受到谴责吗？）符合文意。故选D。1114.【答案】B、D、D、C【解析】1【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。公众对科学家的不信任在一定程度上源于科学与技 术、发现与制造之间界限的模糊。大多数政府，也许是所有政府，从科学企业过去和将来所带来 的经济利益的角度来为科学研究的公共开支辩护。根据第段中的 Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future.（大多数政府，也许是所有的政府，都根据科学研究在过去和将来所带来的经济效益来 证明在科学研究上的公共开支是合理的。）可知，当涉及到科学研究时，大多数政府最关心的是 快速的经济回报，故选B。2 .根据画线词上文 Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate （许多人都有保留意见，但在他们所认为的环境中只对自己保留）以及后文to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit （对理解本身的追求以及对探 索和创造精神的追求）可知，许多人有保留意见，但在他们认为对求知本身和探究、创造精神的 追求是不友好的气氛中，所以他们把这些意见藏在心里。故画线词意思是“不友好的”。故选D。3 .根据第二段中的 Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people may still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding.（即使教授没有在任何公司担任顾问，一些人可能仍然不信任他，因为他与那 些有顾问的公司有联系，或者至少对他的一些研究资金的来源感到疑惑。）可知，根据作者的观 点，人们对科学家的专业判断持怀疑态度，因为他们与相关项目的联系可能会影响他们，故选D。4 .根据最后一段中的 This attitude can have damaging effects present themselves as "experts".（这种 态度会产生破坏性的影响。它质疑了在一个视学术诚实为最高美德的职业中工作的个人的诚信， 并正中那些想要通过把科学家说成是腐败的人的下怀。这使得人们更容易忽视所有的科学声明， 尤其是那些自称为“专家”的科学家所发表的声明。）可知，作者说公众对科学家的不信任会有 破坏性的影响，是因为如果人们忽视专家的所有声明，他们可能会遭受损失。故选C。1519,【答案】G、D、B、C、A【解析】L【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。解释了一个科学发现：可以通过移除胃组织、改变 人们饮食环境来帮助人们摄入正常的食物量，不易引起过度饮食。根据空前的 When we start dipping into our stores of energy or when we drop below our typical body weight, the system rings the bell.（当我们开始消耗储存的能量，或者当我们的体重低于正常体重时， 系统就会敲响警钟。）以及空后的 After we eat enough food or put on weight, the same hormonal（激 素的）system and brain circuit then tend to depress our appetite.（当我们吃了 足够多的食物或体重增 加后，同样的激素系统和大脑回路会抑制我们的食欲。）可知，设空处应该承接前文的系统，同 时引出下文的the same hormonal system and brain circuit。说明大脑中的激素的作用。G选项（大脑 中的激素网络和神经通路激活了我们的饥饿感。）符合语境。故选G。5 .根据上文 Now, "Shifting the focus to pleasure*' is a new approach to understanding hunger and weight gain.（现在，“把注意力转移到快乐上”是一种理解饥饿和体重增加的新方法。）以及空后的 Determining whether an individual's.the most appropriate medications or behavioral interventions for treatment.（对于医生来说，确定一个人的体重问题是源于情感上的渴望，还是由于身体燃烧卡路 里的能力下降，这对选择最合适的药物或行为干预措施很重要。）可知，空处承接上下文说明这 种方法已经对治疗的选择产生了影响。D选项（这种方法已经对治疗的选择产生了影响。）与此 呼应，符合语境。故选D。6 .根据下文的 Through removing tissue, doctors make it impossible for the stomach to accommodate more than a couple of ounces of food at a time.（通过切除胃组织，医生使胃一次不能容纳超过几盎 司的食物。）可知，空前讲述的内容跟胃部收缩有关系，同时能够减少胃部的容纳量。B选项（这 项医疗手术使胃显著缩小。）符合语境。故选B。7 .根据后文 The traditional ideaif ever, be sufficient to resist those foods once they are around.（传统 观点认为，我们可以教超重的人提高自我控制能力。然而，科学家们现在意识到食物本身才是更 大的问题。对于很多人来说，某些食物会在大脑的奖励回路中引起强烈的反应，以至于我们的意 志力很少足以在食物出现时抵御它们。）可知，后文主要说明了从心理上如何提高自我控制能力， 故C选项（从心理上讲，消除影响因素是一种选择。）符合语境。故选C。8 .根据空前的 For many people, certain foods cause such a strong response in the brain*s reward circuit that our willpower will rarely, if ever, be sufficient to resist those foods once they are around.（对许多人 来说，某些食物会在大脑的奖赏回路中引起如此强烈的反应，以至于一旦这些食物出现，我们的 意志力很难抵御它们。）以及空后的 That means never bringing fatty, super sweet foods into our house and avoiding going to places that offer them whenever possible （这意味着永远不要把高脂肪、超级甜 的食物带到家里，尽可能避免去提供这些食物的地方。）可知，设空处应该填写的是让我们重新 思考食物环境对人们进食产生的影响。尽量避免去提供各种高脂肪、超级甜的食物环境。A选项（因此，我们必须重新设计食品环境。）承接上下文，符合语境。故选A。2（）29.【答案】D、A、B、C、D、B、C、A、B、C【解析】L【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。挪威的Rjukan小镇坐落在几座山之间，每年有六个月 从9月下旬到3月中旬没有阳光直射。但当一套高科技的镜子系统被引进后，这一切都改变了， 它能把阳光从邻近的山峰反射到下面的山谷。周三,Rjukan的居民迎来了他们的第一缕冬日阳光： 附近山坡上的一排反光板开始使用。句意：“当然，当阳光灿烂的时候，我们会注意到它，”在该镇旅游办公室工作的Karin R。说。 A.fear 恐惧；B.believe 相信；C.hear 听见；D.notice 注意到。根据后文 it when the sun is shining 可 知，指注意到天气晴朗。故选D。2 .句意：“我们看到天空是蓝色的，但在山谷里就更黑了一一就像阴天一样A.cloudy多云的； B.normal 正常的；C.different 不同的；D.warm 温暖的。根据第一段 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March six months out of the year.（挪威的Rjukan小镇坐落在几座山之间，每年有六个月从9月下旬到3 月中旬没有阳光直射。）可知，小镇没有阳光，就像阴天。故选A。3 .句意：但当一套高科技的镜子系统被引入后，这种情况发生了变化，该系统将阳光从邻近的山 峰反射到下面的山谷。A.helped帮助；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered重要。根据 后文 “when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighbouring peaks into the valley below”可知，引进了高科技的镜子,让情况发生了改变,故选B。4 .句意：周三，Rjukan的居民迎来了他们的第一缕冬日阳光：附近山坡上的一排反光板开始使用。 A.remembered 记得；B.forecasted 预测；Creceived 收至lj； D.imagined 想象。根据后文"their very first ray of winter sunshine v可知,居民接收到了第一缕冬日阳光。故选C。5 句意同上。A.r叩air 修理；B. risk 风险；C.休息；D.use 使用。根据上文"their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to” 可矢口， 附近I I坡上的抖F 反光板开始使用，Rjukan的居民迎来了他们的第一缕冬日阳光。故选D。6 .句意：这些板子由一台电脑控制，它可以指导它们在白天随着太阳转动，在有风的天气关闭。 A.forbids 禁止；B.directs 指导；C.predicts 预测；D.follows 跟随。根据后文 “them to turn along with the sun throughout the day”指电脑控制板子在白天随着太阳转动，故选B。7 .句意：它们将一束集中的光线反射到城镇的中心广场上，创造出大约600平方米的阳光区域。 A.library图书馆；B.hall大厅；C.square广场；D.street街道。呼应后文“The town square”光线反 射到城镇的中心广场上。故选C。8,句意:当阳光出现时,Rjukan的居民聚集在一起。A.appeared出现；B.returned返回;C.faded 褪色；D.stopped 停止。根据后文 uRjukan residents gathered together 指阳光出现时，Rjukan 的居 民聚集在一起。故选A。9 .句意：城市广场上挤满了人。A. new新的；B.full满的；C.flat平的；D.silent沉默的。根据后 文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.（我想几乎镇上所有的人都在那里。）“可 知，城市广场上挤满了人。故选B。10 .句意：然而，对于该镇阳光不足的居民来说，新的光线似乎绰绰有余。A. Instead相反；B. Gradually逐渐；C.However然而；D. Similarly类似地。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故用 howevero 故选 C。30.【答案】【小题1】thankful【小题2】surviving【小题3】what【解析】L句意：我非常感激那些写作这些书的作者。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词作表语； 提示词thank的形容词形式为thankful,意为“感谢的，感激的”，符合题意。故填thankful。 2.句意：在经历了学校和家里的可怕经历后，我决定在接下来的人生旅程中走乐观、积极的道路。 分析句子及空前的介词after可知，空处应填动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填surviving。3.句意：我梦想中的职业，我认为只有我所爱的作家才有可能实现的职业，就是我现在所做的。 分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，且从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用what引导。故填what。31 【答案】【小题1】belief【小题2】where【小题3】has found【小题4】better【解析】L句意：人们普遍认为，鱼对任何事物的记忆不会超过7秒。分析句子结构及空前的a popular可知，此处应填名词作表语；提示词believe的名词形式为belief,意为“看法，信念”， 符合题意。故填belief。2 .句意：想想它们不记得吃了什么，去了哪里，也不认识你或它们的任何朋友，这似乎很悲哀。 分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示“哪里”，作地点状语，应填where。 故填where o.句意：最近的一项研究发现，鱼的记忆力比我们以前想象的要好得多。根据语境可知，此处强 调过去的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时；主语是A recent study,谓语动词用第三人称 单数，故填has found。3 .句意同上。分析句子及空后的than可知，表明此处应用形容词比较级，且空前有much修饰比 较级。故填better。32【答案】【小题1】without【小题2】A. I