初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题.ppt

初中阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷什么是主旨大意题？01主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式02不同体裁（议论文，记叙文，说明文等）的主旨大意题解题技巧03CONTENTS目 录01PART ONE什么是主旨大意题？什么是主旨大意题？主题、目的或标题段落或文章02PART TWO主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式标题类 主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式：大意类目的类Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?The best title/headline for this passage might be_.The passage is meant to.The purpose of this article is to The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly aboutWhich of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about?What is the topic of this passage?03PART THREE（议论文、记叙文、说明文）主旨大意题解题技巧如何解答主旨大意题？2.通读全文/段落，寻找主题句4.排除干扰项1.读题文章/段落，目的类/大意类/标题类干扰项有什么特点？1.以偏概全2.断章取义4.张冠李戴3.主题扩大5.无中生有排除法根据标题的特点（概括性、针对性、醒目性）排除干扰项议论文的主旨大意题1什么是议论文？提出见解，驳斥观点摆事实、讲道理、辨是非 以理服人！议论文的结构1.“总论分论总论”式总论总论=文章主旨大意文章主旨大意分论分论=段落主旨大意段落主旨大意2.“总论分论”式3.“分论总论”式议论文的主题句一般在哪里？首段或首句Attention！先提出别人的观点，（however，but）作者进行驳斥，再提出自己的观点！【2014】The purpose of paragraph 3 is to _.A.show how animals can help with illnessesB.discuss the problems of keeping petsC.describe how to train animal helpersD.introduce some new medical research Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals.John was a six-year-old mute.He had no physical problems.He just refused to talk.His older cousin,Ned,had a parrot called Sally,and John used to visit it.When he arrived,Ned used to say,“Hi,John!”We all know parrots copy what they hear.After a few visits,Sally began saying“Hi,John!”when John came into the room.Then,one day,John turned to the parrot and replied“Hi,Sally!”Staying with the parrot encouraged John to begin talking.1.The first paragraph tells us that_.A.chocolate is healthier than vegetables B.the world could soon be without chocolateC.people love vegetables more than chocolate D.its not necessary to eat so much chocolate Most of us probably live without vegetables,but a world without chocolate?Now that would be hard!According to chocolate makers it could happen if we dont act soon.What is the best title for Paragraph 2?A.The Age and Size of EarthB.Our Galaxy:The Milky WayC.Why Intelligent Life Might ExistD.Earth:The Only Planet with Intelligent Life Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets?The first reason is time.Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old.“This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,”say Shostak and Barnett.The second reason is sizethe universe is huge.“Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜)have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,”says Shostak.“And our galaxy,the Milky Way,has at least 100 billion stars.Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”This passage tells us mainly about _.A.the importance of guessing in learning a foreign languageB.how to guess what one is going to talk aboutC.some examples of right guessingD.how important it is to guess all the time One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking.People do this all the time in their own language,so it is necessary(必要的)to do this in a foreign language,too.Here are some examples.1.Whats the matter？I went to a party last night,so I 2.I feel so tired these days.I think youd better 3.Of course,she never stops talking.She is one of the most You can see from the above three examples that the context(上下文)helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about.So guessing is very important in understanding English,especially(尤其)spoken English.In the world today,all of the people need recreation（消遣）.We can not work all the time if we are going to keep healthy and enjoy life.Everyone has his own way of relaxing.Perhaps the most popular form is to take part in sports.There are team sports,such as basketball and football.There are also individual（个人的）sports,such as swimming and running.Skating and mountain climbing are the most popular recreation for people who like to be outdoor（室外的）.Not everyone who enjoys sports likes to take part in them.Many people like watching them on TV or listening to them on the radio.So many people like some forms of indoor recreation,such as watching TV,singing and dancing.It doesnt matter whether we like indoor recreation or take part in outdoor sports.It is important for everyone to relax from time to time,and enjoy some forms of recreation.The passage tells us that .A.basketball is a kind of team sports B.everyone who enjoys sports should take part in themC.different people have different ways of relaxingD.indoor recreation is not as important as outdoor sportsWhich of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Bees Love Blue B.Bees Love SyrupC.Bees,Color and Syrup D.Can Bees See Color?To find out whether bees（蜜蜂）can see colours,the following experiment is made.A round table is put in a garden,and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard（硬纸板）with a drop of syrup（糖浆）on it.After a short time,bees come to the syrup.The bees then fly to their hive（蜂房）and give the syrup to other bees in the hive.Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found.After a while,the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away.Instead of this card,a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right.These new cards have no syrup on them.Very soon bees arrive again,and fly straight to the blue card.None go to the red card.The topic of the passage is .A.How to draw a horse B.How to write a storyC.How to make your own rules D.Trust to your own powers A friend of mine was fond of drawing horse.He drew the horses very well,but he always began the tail.Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse,that is why I was surprised.It struck me that it could not really make any difference whether the artist begins at the head or the tail or the belly(肚子)or the foot of the horse,if he really knows his business.And most great artists who really know their business do not follow other peoples rule.They make their own rules.Every one of them does his work in a way peculiar(奇特的)to himself;and the peculiarity means only that he finds it more easy to work in that way.Now the very same thing is true to literature(文学).And the question,How shall I begin?only means that you want to begin at the head instead of beginning at the tail or somewhere else.That is,you are not yet experienced(有经验的)enough to trust to your own powers.When you become more experienced you will never ask the question,and I think that you will often begin at the tail-that is to say,you will write the end of the story before you have even thought of the beginning.Want to stay away from colds?Put on a happy face.Compared to unhappy people,those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds,according to a new study.Its possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses,say the researchers from New York University.“It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness,said the studys chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.In an earlier study,Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often.People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.In this study,Cohen has interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks.During the interviews,the people told researchers about were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill.Buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period,their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings,their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease.So if you are worried abut your health,look on the bright side more often.What is the best title for this passage?A.Smiles can fight colds B.Cause of colds found C.The danger of colds D.How people get sick记叙文主旨大意题2什么是记叙文？叙述人物的经历和事物发展变化 以事感人！六要素：人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果记叙文的结构1.分-总2.总-分3.总-分-总What was the first newspaper story mainly(主要)about?A.Sick children in Children s HospitalB.Doctors in Children s Hospital.C.Mrs.Weeks and her students.D.Toys made by the boys and girls.Mrs.Weeks was reading a newspaper story to her class.The story said,Were you ever in a hospital when you were small?How did you feel?The doctors in Children s Hospital are asking for money for children s toys.Some children in the hospital must stay in bed for many weeks.Toys are needed to keep these sick children happy and quiet.Money for them can be sent to the hospital.The passage is mainly(主要地)about .A.students B.a basketball game C.rest time D.school activities We have twenty minutes rest（休息）between classes.Look!Most of us are playing during the rest（课间）time.Some students are on the playground.They are having a basketball.Oh!A boy is running with the ball.And another is trying(尽力)to stop him.They look so cool.And there are some girls watching the game.Some students are in the classroom.They are talking.A few of them are reading and doing homework.Look!A girl is looking at the birds in a tree in front of the classroom.She must be thinking of something interesting because she is smiling(微笑).What are the teachers doing?Some of them are working in the office.And some are talking with students.Everyone is doing his or her things.Busy but happy!The main idea of the whole story is that _.A.Romans did not like to stay homeB.people in old Rome talked a lot to each other.C.Latin changed as it moved from land to land.Long ago,people in Rome（罗马）talked to one another in Latin（拉丁文）.Pupils in school learned to read and write in Latin.Books are in Latin.Some Romans（罗马人）went to other parts of the world.They took their language with them.Soon Latin was used in many countries.It became a world language.People in other countries did not talk in Latin the same way.In each land,they changed the language a little.As time went by,they made more changes.At last they did not talk in Latin any more.New languages had come from the old one.People do not talk to one another in Latin today.But they still use many Latin words.You do,too.Street,wall,city,and salt are some of the Latin words we use.You are a pupil in school.Pupil is a Latin word.It means“little doll”.说明文主旨大意题3什么是说明文？介绍事物、解说事理 以知授人！说明文的结构1.分-总2.总-分3.总-分-总 The best title(标题)for this passage is _.A.Bad Seasons B.Summer or WinterC.The Weather in England D.Strange English People In England,people often talk about the weather because they can experience(经历)four seasons in one day.In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring.An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard.The weather gets a little cold.In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny,the sun will begin to shine,and it will be summer at this time of a day.In England,people can also have summer in winter,or have winter in summer.So in winter they can swim sometimes,and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.When you go to England,you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella(伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning,but you should not laugh at them.If you dont take an umbrella or a raincoat,you will regret(后悔)later in the day.1.1.找找高高频频词词/中中心心词词/主主题题词词（名名词词，动词）动词）没有主题句怎么办？3.3.关注关注设问句的回答设问句的回答2.2.在在文文章章中中间间找找for example，for instance，however，but，it is true that.but.等词，其其前前后后很很可可能能会会给出主题给出主题归纳总结 A man and his wife wanted to move to a new house.They looked for a long time and finally found an advertisement(广告)for a nice one.They looked together and almost decided to buy it,but they wanted to know more about the neighborhood(街坊)first.Would the neighbors be nice or not?An old man was walking in front of the house,so they went to him to get some information.“Sir,”said the husband,“my wife and I are looking at this house.It looks nice and we may buy it.But before we decide to buy it,could you please give us some information about the neighborhood?What are the people around here like?We want to avoid(避免)trouble if we can.”The old man looked at the couple,and then asked a question,“what kind of people live near you now?”What is the main idea of this passage(短文)？APeople should not ask questions.BDo not believe(相信)old men.CNice people can be happy in any place.DIt is hard to find good neighbors.“They are terrible,”the husband answered.“They are always making trouble.We decide to move mainly to avoid them.”“Well,dont move here,”said the old man.“Youll find the same kind of people here.”The couple thanked the old man and drove away.Just then a second couple drove up.“Sir,”the second husband said,“could you please give us some information about the neighbors here?We may want to buy this house.”“How are the neighbors around your home?”“They are very nice.Everybody is helpful and friendly.We never have any trouble.Well feel sorry to have to move from them.”“They are friendly?”said the old man.“Well,youll find the same kind of people here.”What is the main idea of this passage(短文)？APeople should not ask questions.BDo not believe(相信)old men.CNice people can be happy in any place.DIt is hard to find good neighbors.THANK YOU VERY MUCHYourNameYourName