八年级英语下册现在完成时.ppt

现在完成时是由助动词现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词过去分词构成构成 其否定句在其否定句在Have/has后加后加not.一般疑问句把一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前提到主语前.1.肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+have/has+done(动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)+其他其他.2.否定句：否定句：主语主语+havent/hasnt+done(过去分词过去分词)+其他其他.3,一般疑问句一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语主语+done(过去分词过去分词)+其他？其他？肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,主语主语+have/has.否定回答：否定回答：No,主语主语+havent/hasnt.动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样）动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样）不规则变化：不规则变化：动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去分词的规则变化不规则变化：不规则变化：am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run-ran run become-became-become1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,例如例如I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）（刚刚）,already（已经）（已经）,before,yet（一般疑问：已经；否定（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还）句：还）never,ever等状语连用等状语连用 I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just finished my homework.He has not come yet.2。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可能继续下去的动作或状态。可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和通常和 for+时间段时间段,since+时间点时间点引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用.以及以及 so far,by now,these days,in the last ten years 等连用。等连用。Eg:I have been here for just over two years.He has worked here since 1989.从从1989年，年，I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for:+一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻,since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.对对划线部分提问都用划线部分提问都用How longSince现在完成时与现在完成进行时用法比较现在完成时与现在完成进行时用法比较当表示过去开始的某一动作，持续到现在，并可能持续到当表示过去开始的某一动作，持续到现在，并可能持续到将来时，二者可以互换使用，但现在完成进行时具有现在将来时，二者可以互换使用，但现在完成进行时具有现在进行时持续性和未完成性的特点，故有时二者不可互换。进行时持续性和未完成性的特点，故有时二者不可互换。Eg:We have been living here for ten years.=W have lived here for ten years,I have been studying English since I was ten.=I have studied English since I was ten.Eg:Who has been eating my dinner?谁在吃我的饭？（还有些剩下）谁在吃我的饭？（还有些剩下）Who has eaten my dinner?谁吃了我的饭？（全部吃光了）谁吃了我的饭？（全部吃光了）注意点一注意点一注意点二：注意点二：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。如：如：yesterday,last night,two weeks ago等等 试比较：试比较：The plane has arrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我我“现现在已经不在这儿任教了）在已经不在这儿任教了）eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has ithe still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单注意点三注意点三 非延续性动词与现在完成时非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：动词是：begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等等来代替非延续性动词。来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。电影开始五分钟了。The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但但不能说不能说“He has left for three years.”如果要表达如果要表达“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般过去时。使用一般过去时。He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is+一段时间一段时间since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句”It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“一段时间一段时间have/has passed+since+一一般过去时从句般过去时从句”瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换come/go be(in)leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin/start be on become-be finish-be over arrive be here/there marry/get married(to)be married(to)begin to work/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago.He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书.I have kept the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了.I have been a student for over two years.I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago.Mr.Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr.Black has been dead for three years.Mr.Black died three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了The film has been on for an hour.()()()()()()()()I have bought a new dictionary for a week.I have had a new dictionary for a week.我买我买一本新词典已有一星期了。一本新词典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他们来这儿已经两天了。他们来这儿已经两天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已他已入团两年了。入团两年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.这个人已经死了几年了。这个人已经死了几年了。1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks.()2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.()ABCABCB kept B been on3.这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。Ive _ the bike _ two years.4.He left Nanjing two years ago.He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5.The monkey died last month.The monkey _ _ _ for a month.6.A:Hong long _ you _()B:Two weeks.A.did,get ill B.have,fallen ill C.were,ill D.have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadD注意点三：注意点三：have been in,have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法1、have(has)been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了他到书店去了.（不在（不在这）这）Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。（不在这）（不在这）用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ to Kunming?Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单1.Theyve known each other since_.A.1995 B.three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_.A.last year B.one year 3.She has been a doctor for_.A.two years B.two years ago 4.Ive had a headache since_.A.I got up this morning B.five hours 5.Weve been here for_.A.one hour B.one oclock AABAB6.My parents have owned this house for_.A.a long time B.many years ago7.Theyve been in love since_.A.last spring B.three months8.We have known each other since_.A.one year B.last year9.-How long have you been like this?-Since_.A.last night B.two days10.-How long has she worked here?-She has worked here for_.A.1993 B.six yearsAABAB()1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before,_?A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you()2.I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch()3.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live()4.His grandma _ for two years.A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead BCBD()5.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone()6._ you _to the United Stated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go()7.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you()8.How long have you _ the football team of the school?A.played B.been at C.joined D been on AACD()9.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,gone()10.How long have you _ this book?A.bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent()11.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,saw()12.He has never ridden a horse before,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.hasnt he D.has heBCDD用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Mary _(lose)her pen._ you _(see)it here and there?2._ you _(find)your watch yet?3.-Are you thirsty?-NO,I _ just _(have)some orange.4.We _already _(return)the book.5._ they _(build)a new school in the village?6.-Has Tom taught you English?-Yes,he _(teach)us English for two years.7.I _(not finish)my homework yet.Can you help me?8.What _ they _(do)with the newspaper?They have read them.9.-The door is open.Who _(open)it?Do you know?-Sorry,I dont know.10.My father _(read)the novel twice.11.Wu Dong _(be)a soldier for one year.12.The students _(study)in the middle school since last month.13.How long _ you _(know)him?14.Mike _(make)quite a few friends since he came to China.15.I _(give)my friend a nice book recently.16.Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see)the old man three times.17._ she ever _(teach)you English?18.These children _(stay)in the park for two hours.Put the following sentences into English.1.A:火车已经开走了火车已经开走了.2.B:什么时候开走的什么时候开走的?3.A:半个小时之前开走的半个小时之前开走的.2.A:这本书我已经买了两年了这本书我已经买了两年了.3.B:你在哪儿买的你在哪儿买的?4.A:在我老家买的在我老家买的.3.A:你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗?4.B:看过看过.5.A:什么时候看的什么时候看的.6.B:上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A:The train has left.B:When did it leave.A:It left half an hour ago.A:have you seen the film?B:Yes,I have.A:When did you see it?B:I saw it last Sunday.A:Ive had the book for two years.B:Where did you buy it?A:I bought it in my hometown.