实用文体翻译之简介.ppt

实用文体翻译Translation of Practical DiscourseInstructor:JIANG Wenping文学文体：利用语言给人以乐趣和美的享受。实用文体：“直接以传递信息或服务的语篇类型”DefinitionLets CompareIf you dare to play the fox with me,Ill shoot you at once！你要是对我耍滑头，我马上毙了你！If you dare to play the fox with me,Ill shoot you at once！女土匪：男土匪：道士：包公：王煕凤：流氓：你敢耍我，姑奶奶的子弹可不是吃素的！你小子敢对我耍把戏，大爷一枪嘣了你！施主要是胆敢玩花样，就休怪贫道要开杀戒了。汝敢戏吾，格杀勿论。你这蹄子要是有半句假话，看不揭了你的皮！别跟我玩花样，否则俺弄个花生米给你吃吃！吉林方言：湖南方言：上海方言：四川方言：广东方言：敢跟我扯！别说我马上废了你！你敢跟我搅浑水，立马放你的血。侬格只老甲鱼要是搞我捣糨糊，明年格今朝就是侬格忌日！你龟孙子再乱整，老子一枪敲死你！？If you dare to play the fox with me,Ill shoot you at once！Lets Compare 微波炉若长期不用，应拔掉电源插头，放在通风干燥，无腐蚀性的环境中。If the oven is not used for a long time,plug off from power source and place it in a airy and no erosive gas environment.1)应用文体求应用文体求“”:2)2)应用文体求应用文体求“”:3)文学作品求文学作品求“”-对不起，我不太小心，把茶杯打碎了。-没关系，碎碎平安嘛！-Sorry.I broke the glass for my carelessness.-Never mind.Pieces for peaces.a time sex thing one-off product()()the Face Powder Store Pie Restaurant()()The Big Han Hero Heroes of Han Dynasty()()一次性用品 面食店 大汉英雄信信达达雅雅Practical Translation vs.Literary Translation（信、达、雅）（信、达、雅）PresentationSharp Eyes,Sharp BrainSharp Eyes,Sharp Brain实用文体分类实用文体分类根据使用范围、对象、作用分类：根据使用范围、对象、作用分类：宣传类宣传类:书信类：书信类：记录类：记录类：规约类规约类:研究类：研究类：科技类：科技类：社交信函、商业信函、电报电传等读书笔记、会议记录、报告记录等总结、实验报告、学术论文等公示语、说明书、启事、广告、调查报告等 合同、计划、规章等 计算机、商务、外贸、医学等例：急性化脓性阑尾炎在临床上表现为右下压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张加重，及全身症状。The clinical symptoms of acute purulent appendictis include right lower abdominal tenderness,rebound tenderness,aggravation of muscular tension,and global symptoms.医学英语文体特点1、多使用专业、多使用专业术语术语或或半术语半术语医学术语以医生或患者姓名冠名：Parkinsons Disease：Down Syndrome：Christmas Diesase：贺-赵缺陷症：帕金森病（震颤麻痹）帕金森病（震颤麻痹）唐氏综合症（先天愚型）唐氏综合症（先天愚型）He-Zhao Syndrome（without permanent teeth）克里斯马病（凝血因子克里斯马病（凝血因子IX缺乏）缺乏）音译！音译！医学术语以神话或文学中的人物或事件冠名：Achilleus jerk：Diana complex：Lear complex：Pickwickian syndrome：音译音译+直译直译跟腱反射跟腱反射狄安娜独身情结狄安娜独身情结匹克威克综合症匹克威克综合症李尔王恋女情结李尔王恋女情结医学术语以地名冠名：Mediterranean anemia：Chiba needle：克山病：湖北钉螺：地中海贫血地中海贫血千叶针（日本千叶大学）千叶针（日本千叶大学）Kesha diseaseOncomelania hupensis音译音译+直译直译医学术语复合词：Nutraceutical：Nutrition+pharmaceutical(营养药物)Radiotherapy：Radiation+therapy(放射疗法)直译直译医学术语首字母缩略词：TB：OP：BP：GH：Tuberculosis 肺结核肺结核Out-patient 门诊病人门诊病人Blood pressure 血压血压Growth hormone 生长激素生长激素直译直译半术语是指同样的术语在不同行业，不同专业里或不同情况下具有不同含义。例：culture;medium culture medium?培养基例：trace;element trace elements 微量元素TranslationA pregnant woman is admitted to a hospital once she has begun labor.一旦孕妇开始出现分娩阵痛症状，就可入院。TranslationNo person,except an identical twin,was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them.除了同卵双生以外，没有一个人的身体能接受他人的组织，却不对它们产生抗异。RevisionAcute and sub-acute hepatic necrosis more often complicates hepatitis in the elderly.翻译：急性与亚急性肝坏死往往使上了年纪的人的肝炎复杂化。改译：上了年纪的肝炎患者往往并发急性与亚急性肝坏死。RevisionIn such cases heart murmur is often present.翻译：在这类病例中，常有心脏的低沉音。改译：这类病例常伴有心脏杂音。RevisionAbnormal lymph nodes may be hard,soft or even fluctuant;tender or not;discrete or matted.翻译：异常的淋巴结可硬可软，有些甚至是活动的；可嫩可老；有些是分散的，有些则缠结在一起。改译：异常的淋巴结或硬或软，部分甚至是活动的；有压痛或无压痛；有些是分散的，有些则缠结在一起。2.多使用正式文体词：多使用正式文体词：拉丁语与古法语派生词，高雅而正式。它们一般较同义的、盎格鲁撒克逊语的单词（Anglo-Saxon words）为长。人们称之为big words。医学词汇多来自拉丁希腊，每年由拉丁/希腊词缀构成的新词约1500个。医学英语文体特点Exampletherm（热）+o（连接元音）+meter（测量仪器）thermometer温度计Examplemega（大的）+cocc（球菌）+us（名词后缀）megacoccus 大型球状菌Exampleenter（肠）+aden（腺）+itis（炎症）enteradenitis肠腺炎Achill-AchillobursitisAchillodyniaAchillotomyAchill+o+bursa（囊）（囊）+itisAchill+odynia（痛）（痛）Achill+o+tomy（切开（切开/断术）断术）医学英语文体特点3、大量使用名词与名词化结构、大量使用名词与名词化结构 名词化主要是指动词的名词词性转化，可以有以下四种形式：动作名examineexamination；动词性名词：examineexamining；动名词：examineexamining；不定式：examineto examine。它们的名词性从逐渐减弱。ExampleThe preventive measures include elimination of snails,control of excreta,provision of safe water supplies,and proper and prompt treatment of the patients and cattle.预防措施包括消灭钉螺、管理排泄物、供应安全水源，还有及时有效地治疗患者与病畜。RevisionThe diagnosis of ascariasis is made by finding adult worms,larvae,or eggs.翻译：蛔虫的诊断是来自于发现成虫、幼虫或卵。改译：发现成虫、幼虫或卵可确诊有蛔虫。Translation中医足疗按摩适用于：头痛、眩晕、呕吐、失眠、肌肉痉挛、腰肌劳损、关节扭伤、软组织损伤等。头痛：眩晕：呕吐：失眠：肌肉痉挛：腰肌劳损：关节扭伤：软组织损伤：headachedizzinessvomitingsleeplessnessmyospasmlumbar muscle strainjoint sprainsoft tissue injuryTranslationThe indications of traditional Chinese foottherapy and massage include headache,dizziness,vomiting,insomnia,myospasm,lumbar muscle strain,joint sprain,soft tissue injury,etc.中医足疗按摩适用于：头痛、眩晕、呕吐、失眠、肌肉痉挛、腰肌劳损、关节扭伤、软组织损伤等。医学英语文体特点4.多无有灵主语，大量使用被动语态多无有灵主语，大量使用被动语态 医学英语属正式文体，文章中所出现的主要是医学发现或医学实践，极少提到这些发现或实践由谁完成。Examples检查结果发现白细胞减少。临床经验表明在这一阶段作出诊断已为时已晚。先兆流产一般进行保守治疗，推荐卧床休息。ExampleThe circulatory system is a network of blood vessels that.The heart is the pump that Blood enters the two upper chambers of heartBlood travels to all parts of the body As the blood leaves the left ventricle,it passes through the aorta.医学英语文体特点 医学英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为医学文章强调客观准确，侧重叙事推理。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。Example 早期流产和晚期流产要区别对待，因为晚期流产会碰到更多困难。翻译：A distinction is made between early and late abortions because more difficulties are encountered in late abortions.Translation1)已经证明 It has been demonstrated that2)本项回顾性研究旨在 A retrospective study was undertaken to3)本项前瞻性研究旨在 A prospective study was undertaken toTranslation4)本项研究试图 In this study,an attempt was made to5)我们建议 It is proposed that医学英语文体特点5.大量使用长句与扩展句大量使用长句与扩展句医学文章中逻辑性强，语言结构往往出现许多长句。比较：英语一般性文章平均每句18个单词；政府性文章每句20个单词；医学文章平均每句34个单词。Example As can be seen from the wide variety of illnesses and conditions in which psychosis has been reported to arise(including for example,AIDS,leprosy麻疯病,malaria疟疾 and even mumps腮腺炎),there is no singular cause of a psychotic episode.说明：状语从句套定语从句，括注。拆分As can be seen from the wide variety of illnesses and conditions in which psychosis has been reported to arise(including for example,AIDS,leprosy麻疯病,malaria疟疾 and even mumps腮腺炎),there is no singular cause of a psychotic episode.1)There is the wide variety of;2)Psychosis has been reported to arise from the wide variety of.;3)As can be seen from the above,there is no As can be seen from the wide variety of illnesses and conditions in which psychosis has been reported to arise(including for example,AIDS,leprosy麻疯病,malaria疟疾 and even mumps腮腺炎),there is no singular cause of a psychotic episode.翻译：报道表明，引起精神病症的各类疾病和异常情况（如艾滋病、麻疯病、疟疾、甚至腮腺炎）种类繁多。由此可见，没有哪种疾病和异常情况是精神病症的唯一病因。Practice本报告旨在分析评价目前四川省艾滋病防治的政策以及在现实操作中存在的问题，从技术角度提出相关政策的建议，为政府各部门决策者及有关人员制定艾滋病防治相关政策提供科学依据和参考。分析本报告旨在分析评价目前四川省艾滋病防治的政策以及在现实操作中存在的问题，从技术角度提出相关政策的建议，为政府各部门决策者及有关人员制定艾滋病防治相关政策提供科学依据和参考。ReferenceThe report aims to analyze and evaluate the present policies for HIV/AIDS preventing and care in Sichuan Province and the operational problems with the policies,to put forward recommendations for the policies from a technical perspective,and to provide a theoretical basis and reference for policy makers and the personnel at all levels of the government concerning policy making for HIV/AIDS prevention and care.药品翻译1）西药药名：西方中国西方 就是一个“回译过程”。英译汉：音译（尽量与药物作用吻合）汉译英：“名从主人”，即查找原先的英语名称，不能随便乱译。Examples英译汉Procaine：Norfloxacin：Rifampicin：Atropine：Amoxicillin：Levodopa：普鲁卡因普鲁卡因诺氟沙星诺氟沙星利福平利福平阿托品阿托品阿莫西林阿莫西林左旋多巴左旋多巴Examples汉译英：商品名：安奇通用名：阿莫西林克拉维酸钾(4:1)颗粒翻译：Amoxicillin and clavulanate Potassium Granules药品及说明书翻译1）中药药名：中国西方汉译英：有多种方法可用1）音译：汉语拼音1）音译：汉语拼音保婴丹：丁桂儿脐贴：麻杏止咳片：BAO YING DANDinggui Erqi TieMaxing Zhike Pian没传递任何信息没传递任何信息2）拼音加剂型英译桂枝汤：慈丹胶囊：Guizhi decoctionCidan Capsule只传递了剂型信息只传递了剂型信息3）药品名直译桂林西瓜霜：黄附子汤：Guilin Watermelon FrostDecoction of Rhubarb and Aconite传递了部分信息传递了部分信息4）意译：译出功能平胃散：朱砂安神丸：Peptic PowderSedative Bolus of Cinnabar传递了功能传递了功能5）音译+注释/拉丁药名温脾汤：四逆汤：车前草：五味子：Wenpi Tang(Decoction for Warming Spleen)Sini Tang(Decoction for Resuscitation)Che Qian Cao(Herba Plantaginis)Wu Wei Zi(Fructus Schisandrae)药品名称药品名称+功效功效说明书翻译药品说明书包括哪药品说明书包括哪些内容？些内容？Instruction药物名称通用名商品名化学名称化学成分化学结构性状drug namegeneric nametrade namechemical namechemical compositionchemical structuredescriptionInstruction成分适应症、主治功效规格用法用量不良反应毒性反应过敏反应anaphylactic reactionsadverse reactionstoxic reactionsspecificationfunctionsindicationsingredientsdosage and usageInstruction副作用禁忌症注意事项警告贮藏包装批号有效期批准文号生产厂商ManufacturerDrug approval numberValidity datePackageBatch No.StorageWarningsPrecautionsContraindicationsSide effectsPractice【药品名称】通用名：健脾丸专利名：健脾丸【Drug Name】Generic Name:Jianpi Wan(Pill for Invigorating the Spleen)Proprietary Name:Jianpi Wan Practice【主要成分】党参，白术，枳实，山楂等。【Ingredients】Bilose asiabell root,bighead atractylodes rhizome,immature bitter orange,hawthorm fruit,etc.Practice【性状】本品为棕褐色至黑褐色的蜜丸；味微甜、微苦。【Description】Brownish or dark brown honeyed pills with lightly sweet or bitter taste.1）较短的说明常译作短语）较短的说明常译作短语Practice【功能主治】健脾开胃。用于脾胃虚弱，脘腹胀满，食少便溏。【Functions】Strengthening the spleen and inducing appetite.It is indicated for the treatment of weakness of the spleen and the stomach,distension and fullness in the stomach and abdomen,poor appetite,and loose bowels.2）常用一般现在时）常用一般现在时Practice【用法用量】口服，一次1 丸，一日2次，小儿酌减。【Dosage and Usage】1 pill each time,twice a day for oral administration.Less dosage for children.Practice【注意事项】服用过量或有严重不良反应时请即就医。【Precautions】A physician must be consulted immediately for overdosage or severe adverse reactions.3）注意事项多用情态，被动。）注意事项多用情态，被动。Practice【贮藏】密封。【Storage】Keep airtight.4）贮藏部分译为祈使句。）贮藏部分译为祈使句。Practice【规格】每8丸相当于原生药3g。【Specification】Every 8 pills are equivalent to 3 g of crude drugs.Practice【批准文号】国药准字Z41020007【Drug Approval Number】National Drug Approval Number:Z41020007Practice【生产企业】河南省济源市济世药业有限公司【Manufacturer】Jishi Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.Jiyuan,Henan Province,P.R.C.The End!