变式句型 倒装句详析.ppt

Inversion(倒装句倒装句)英汉语言比较英汉语言比较 主讲老师主讲老师 宋晓英宋晓英语言实践运用中的现象：Read the following sentences loudly:（高中二年级英语(人教版)上册 Unit 9 Saving the earth）vMany speakers also spoke about poverty,war and violence.Among the speakers was chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji,who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.She is a nice girl.She is a nice girl.英英语语句句子子的的语语序序英语句子的英语句子的自然语序自然语序：英语句子的英语句子的倒装结构倒装结构:主语在前，谓语动词在后主语在前，谓语动词在后谓语动词放在主语之前谓语动词放在主语之前自然语序自然语序Is she a nice girl?Is she a nice girl?倒装语序倒装语序概念：什么是倒装句？v在一定条件下，句子中成分的位置颠倒过来，语法关系不变，这种现象叫倒装句。倒装的目的：倒装的目的：1语法结构语法结构的需要：的需要：通常疑问句、通常疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句。结构等需要用倒装句。例如：例如：Where are you going?你上哪去？你上哪去？There is a bridge across the river(倒装）倒装）.河上河上有座桥。有座桥。2 修辞修辞的需要：的需要：倒装以后，或加强语或加强语气，或气，或句子更加流畅生动。v例如：Before us lay a lot of difficulties.在我们前面有很多困难。vOften did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装主谓句倒装主谓句倒装非主谓句倒装非主谓句倒装 非主谓倒装非主谓倒装v1.感叹句感叹句 v (He is singing beautifully.)v1)How beautifully he is singing!(状语倒装状语倒装)v v (You are all very silly.)v2)How silly you all are!(表语倒装表语倒装)v v (Youve made so many mistakes in this exam.)v3)What a lot of mistakes you have made in this exam!(宾语倒装宾语倒装)v2.为了前后衔接紧密为了前后衔接紧密,将将表语表语、宾语等宾语等倒装倒装(放在句首放在句首).v为了使句子保持平衡，使上下文紧密衔接时，常使用倒装语为了使句子保持平衡，使上下文紧密衔接时，常使用倒装语序。序。vGone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon.v中国人被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。中国人被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。vAlso present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement.v出席会议的还有广告的策划者。出席会议的还有广告的策划者。3.让步状语从句，当让步状语从句，当as表示表示”虽然虽然”、“尽管尽管”时时,必须将表语必须将表语,状语或主要动词倒装状语或主要动词倒装.Child（强调名词）（强调名词）as he is,he knows a lot about the world.=Though he is a child,he knows a lot about the world.Young（强调表语形容词）（强调表语形容词）as he is,he knows more than you.单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词让步从句：Successful as he is,he is not conceited.（当然，主谓句中也有让步从句）Be you right or wrong,he wont apologize for you.Do whatever you,I wont prevent阻挠 you.v注意注意:让步状语从句中，有 though、although时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。*完全倒装：完全倒装：*部分倒装：部分倒装：全部谓语全部谓语放在放在主语主语之前之前只把只把助动词助动词,情态动词情态动词或或连系动词连系动词放在主语之前，放在主语之前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后_英语主谓英语主谓倒装句倒装句分为分为2种：种：、整个谓语在前的句子，叫、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装完全倒装。S V Ex:Your book is here.Here is your book.(倒裝句)V S、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫部分倒装句。后的句子，叫部分倒装句。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.（除（除了助动词，后面还是自然语序的主谓句）了助动词，后面还是自然语序的主谓句）一、完全倒装一、完全倒装v1 在在There be(appear，come，exist，happen，lie,，live，remain，seem，stand)句型中。句型中。vThere lived an old fisherman and his wife near the sea.在海边住着一在海边住着一位老渔夫和他的妻子。位老渔夫和他的妻子。2 副词副词down，up，in，out，here,there，back.away，off，over表示地点，方位时。表示地点，方位时。vvUp stood the judge and began to question the murderer.法官站了起来，开始审问那个杀人犯。法官站了起来，开始审问那个杀人犯。vvOut ran the thief.小偷跑了出去。小偷跑了出去。vvOut rushed a cat from under the table.从桌子底从桌子底下窜出一只猫来。下窜出一只猫来。除了除了Here，up等表示方位的单词，其等表示方位的单词，其他表示地点的介词短语放在句首时。他表示地点的介词短语放在句首时。vIn front of the building is a vineyard.楼前有个葡楼前有个葡萄园。萄园。vv表示地点的介词短语放在句首时，表示地点的介词短语放在句首时，名词作主语倒装，v 人称代词人称代词不倒装不倒装vHere you are.vThere he goes.3、副词、副词now,then,thus（因此，如此因此，如此）引导的句子里，谓语引导的句子里，谓语 come,appear，follow,begin,end,be等等，用全部倒装。，用全部倒装。Now comes your turn!轮到你了。Then followed another shot of gun.Thus ended their marriage.4 在某些祝愿句中，全部倒装。在某些祝愿句中，全部倒装。v1.Long live China!v 中国万岁！中国万岁！v2.May you succeed!v 祝你成功！祝你成功！v3.May you have a good journey!v 祝你旅途愉快祝你旅途愉快!、直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。v“Youve made great progress this term.”v said the teacher.v“Tom”,said his father,“You shouldnt v make friends with such boys!”注意：注意：主语是代词时，不用倒装。主语是代词时，不用倒装。“Where are you going?”he asked.2)引用动词引用动词另有宾语另有宾语时，即使主语是名词时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。也不倒装。“Why didnt you join us!”Our monitor asked us（宾语）（宾语）.主谓宾主谓宾6.一个较长的地点状语短语放在句首时一个较长的地点状语短语放在句首时,如果主语长如果主语长,谓语短谓语短,需要全部倒装需要全部倒装.电影镜头感电影镜头感 描述描述v1)In a lecture hall of a university in England sat an old professor with a heavy book under his arm.v2)From the valley came a gun shot.v3)They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which stood a peasant boy.二、部分倒装v将谓语的一部分将谓语的一部分(即情态动词、系动词或助动即情态动词、系动词或助动词词)提到主语前的称为部分倒装。提到主语前的称为部分倒装。v如句中没有情态动词、助动词或系动词，谓如句中没有情态动词、助动词或系动词，谓语只是一个实义动词，要在主语前加助动词语只是一个实义动词，要在主语前加助动词do，does或或did，主语后的实义动词用原形。，主语后的实义动词用原形。常见的有：常见的有：1.在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，在否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时，部分倒装部分倒装。never,hardly,scarcely 几乎不，仅仅，决不几乎不，仅仅，决不 seldom,little,barely 仅够，几乎没有仅够，几乎没有 rarely 不常，很少不常，很少 nowhere无处，到处都无无处，到处都无 by no means 决不决不 in no case,at no time 决不决不 not untilhardly(scarcely)when,no sooner.than(一一.就就)Hardly(两种用法）两种用法）did I think it possible.Not until yesterday did we know that he had died of cancer.直到昨天我们才知道他死于癌症。直到昨天我们才知道他死于癌症。Seldom did the boy read newspaper.Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（风景，景色）风景，景色）.2 以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句放在句首时。vOnly then did I realize that I was wrong.只是到那时我才意识到我错了。vOnly in this way can you improve your English.只有这样你才能提高英语水平。vOnly when he is free does he come to see me.只有当他空闲时才来看我。注意v注：注：Only修饰主语时不能使用倒装句型。修饰主语时不能使用倒装句型。vOnly teachers can use this room.v Only he can do this work.vOnly Wang Lin knows this.3、当、当so置于句首意为置于句首意为“也如此也如此”，neither，nor置于句首意为置于句首意为“也不也不”时。时。vThey all finished the work.So did I.他们都完成了工作，我也完成了。他们都完成了工作，我也完成了。vWe have never been abroad，neither has she.我们从来未去过国外，她也我们从来未去过国外，她也没去过。没去过。vv一一The students work very hard.学生学生们学习努力。们学习努力。v一一So they do.他们确实是这样。他们确实是这样。v-It is hot today.-So it is.v 注意：注意：）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，的意思，当当so表示对前句内容的肯定和附和，译作表示对前句内容的肯定和附和，译作“确实，正是确实，正是”时，时，则不倒装则不倒装.用自然语序。用自然语序。）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用倒装也不用倒装(某人照办了某人照办了）vThe teacher asked me to read louder,vand I did so.4 当not onlybut also,sosuchthat,not until,no sooner than,hardly when等连词置于句首时，部分倒装。即前半句倒装，后半句正常语序Not only did we lose all our money，but also we came close to losing our lives.v我们不但把钱全丢了，还几乎丢了命。vSo hard does he study that he often forgets food and sleep.v他学习如此努力，常常是废寝忘食。vNo sooner had I gone out than a friend of mine came to see me.v我刚出去，就有一位朋友来看我；5.为什么为什么Neither.nor连接的连接的两个分句两个分句都要倒装都要倒装？比较：比较：not only后面的句子要倒装后面的句子要倒装,but also不倒装不倒装1)Neither has he called on her,nor will he do so.2)Not only shall we learn from books,but also we should learn from practice.6在as引导的让步状语从句中(名词形容词/副词动词+as+主谓结构)。vChild as he is，he knows more than you.虽然他是孩子，但他懂的比你多。vTired as he was，he continued the work.虽然他累了，但他继续工作。vMuch as I like it,I will not buy it.虽然我很喜欢这东西，但我不想买它。vTry as they may,they will not succeed.尽管他们很努力，但不会成功。v7 虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were，should，或 had，可将 if 省略，再把 were，should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。v-Had you come earlier，you would have met him =If you had come earlier，you would have met him.v-Should it rain，the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain，the crops would be saved.v注意:在虚拟语气的从句中，动词 be 的过去时态一律用“were”，不用 was，即在从句中 be 用 were 代替。v常用的句子vvWere I in school again,I would work harder.如果我重新回到学校，我会加倍努力学习。vvHad you not helped me,I wouldnt have succeeded.若不是你帮我，我不会成功。8在以在以often,always,once,many a time,now and then,every other day,等作状语的等作状语的频度副词频度副词位于句首时。位于句首时。vvEvery other day did he go to the hospital to see his father.v每隔一天他就去医院看望他父亲。Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.9 为了使句子保持平衡，使上下文紧密衔接紧密衔接vGone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon.v中国人被瞧不起的日子一去不复返了。vAlso present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement.v出席会议的还有广告的策划者。v从这幅漫画看汉语言语义变化过程中“厚黑学”或“犬儒主义”的弊端主人:大猫，来，笑一个！大猫心声：NND，好汉不吃眼前亏君子报仇十年不晚青山常在绿水长流今朝有酒今朝醉我踏月色而来醉舞下山去明月逐人归沧海一声笑脑袋掉了碗大个疤！v从这幅漫画看汉语言语义变化过程中“厚黑学”或“犬儒主义”的弊端