Unit5Encyclopaedias (2).ppt
冬天来了,春天还会远吗?If winter has already come,can spring be far behind?现在完成时知识链接:八年级上册Unit6复习目录现在完成时态的概念现在完成时态的结构现在完成时态的否定,疑问形式现在完成时态的用法现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较现在完成时态练习1.现在完成时的概念1)表示)表示过去发生过去发生或或已完成已完成的动作的动作对现在对现在造成的影响造成的影响或结果;或结果;2)表示过去已经开始并表示过去已经开始并一直持续一直持续到现在的动作或到现在的动作或状态。状态。E.g.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.pastnowfuture现在完成时现在完成时一般过去式一般过去式现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时你会自己你会自己造句吗?造句吗?2.现在完成时的结构现在完成时的构成:Have/has+done助动词助动词过去分词过去分词主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语Have:第一、二第一、二/复数复数Has:第三人称单数第三人称单数规则动词:规则动词:直,去,双,变直,去,双,变不规则动词不规则动词:AAA,ABB,ABA,ABC规则动词(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped重点1:写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词Work_Live_Stay_Stop_Clean_Study_worked workedlived livedstayed stayedstopped stoppedcleaned cleanedstudied studied不规则动词AAA型costcostcost;cutcutcutAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runranrun;comecamecomebecomebecamebecomeABB型buyboughtbought;buildbuiltbuiltABC型beginbeganbegun;choosechosechosen3.现在完成时的否定与疑问现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。否定句疑问句Ihavenot(havent)studied.HaveIstudied?Youhavenot(havent)studied.Haveyoustudied?Hehasnot(hasnt)studied.Hashestudied?例题例题Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoShanghaibefore.(改为否定句)I_beentoShanghaibefore.2.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_hecometoschool?havenotWhyhasnt重点2:现在完成时态的否定与疑问比较havebeento/in和havegonetoHehasgonetoShanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他他(曾经曾经)去过上海。去过上海。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等。例如:Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。小结词组含义搭配Havegoneto到某地去了,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场Havebeento曾经去过某地,现在已经不在那里了。just,ever,neverHavebeenin在某地呆多长时间since,for,howlong1.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.neverbeenC.wentD.gone2.Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto3.-_youever_totheUS?-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingBBD重点3havebeento/in和havegoneto的对比例题4.现在完成时的用法1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完说话之前已经完成的动作成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just,already,before,yet,never,ever ,two times等状语连用。例如:Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?牛奶的奶挤了吗?Ihaveneverheardthatbefore.我从没听说过。你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗?你还能用现在完成时想到其它句子吗?2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如recently,lately,for,since,等。如:Wehaventseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。注意:a)since和for的区别since后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere,Tuesday,October-“自从”for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。-“长达”重点4:since和for的区别1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.sincesincesincesinceforforforforfor注意:b)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用(不能和since,for,howlong连用)。短暂性动词Hehascomeherefor2years.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.以上三句话可以改为:Hehasbeenherefor2years.Theoldmanhas_for4months.Theyhave_onlyfor5minutesbeendeadbeenout错错错错错错注意:c)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow一般过去式(错)(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(对)(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,述过去的事情,强调动作强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,现在的影响,强调影响强调影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.Ihaveseenthisfilm.2)一般过去时)一般过去时常与常与具体的表示过去的时间具体的表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用;现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连用,连用,或无时间状语。或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语3)现在完成时)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是态,动词一般是延续性的延续性的,如,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)试一试,用所给词的正确形式填空试一试,用所给词的正确形式填空1I(live)heresinceIwastenyearsold.2I(live)herein1998.3-youyourbreakfast?-Yes,Ihave.-Whenyouit?-30minutesago.have/has been to和和have/has gone to 的用法区别的用法区别 1“Have/has been to+地名地名”表示曾经去过某地,说话时已经回到说话地点,常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2“have/has gone to+地名地名”表示去某地了,现在没有回答,人不在说话地点。巧记巧记:been to been to,gone togone to 意不同,两者用法要记清;意不同,两者用法要记清;have been tohave been to+地名,曾经到过某地行;地名,曾经到过某地行;have gone tohave gone to+地点,到某地去了一走远。地点,到某地去了一走远。用have/has been to和和have/has gone to填空 Hi,Lucy,you ever Beijing?No,I .What about your sister,Lily?Oh,she Chengdu,she will come back next week.Ok,thanks.Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to(二)表示短暂动作的瞬间性动词,如come、go、buy等的完成时态就不能与for、since 等表示一段时间的状语连用,但可以与这类词相应的延续性动词或短语连用。试一试,改错 1 I have come to Jianyang for ten years.()2 His father has died since he was five years old .()have been inhas been dead 瞬间动词的用法口诀;现在完成在瞬间,非延只连时间点,终止 须转换,否定方可碰一段说明:1 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词,它可以有现在完成时态,但不可以接一段时间;如果要接一段时间,就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。2 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式中可以接一段时间。类似的转换还有:fall asleepbe asleep move therebe there open be open 等 巧记巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换个瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还,出生入死买到家开始离去借来还,出生入死买到家”1beginbe on6returnbe back2leavebe away from7joinbe in3gobe off8diebe dead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebe here10arrivebe hereChoose the best answer1 What a nice watch!How long _ you _ it?Just three weeksA will,buy B did,buy C have,had2 you _in Greener China for a long time?Yes,I joined it five years agoA Have,been B Has,joined C Have ,joined3 Teacher Li Japan,he_ Japan for two years A has been to,has been to B has gone to,has been inC has gone to,has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer for half an hourA has left B has been away C has gone away5 I this book for two days,I have to return it nowA borrowed B have borrowed C have kept(C)(A)(B)(B)(C)6-When you your old friend?-The day before yesterday.A will,visit B did,visit C have,visited7 Mrs White _ in this school since she came here.A teaches B taught C has taught8 No children_ football in the street since a car hit a boy last Sunday.A have played B played C playing9-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all,I _ here only for a few minutes.A was B have been C will be10 His father since 1936.A died B has died C has been dead(B)(C)(A)(B)(C)