教育精品：宾语从句.ppt
宾语宾语 从句是主从复合句中最常见从句是主从复合句中最常见的从句之一。的从句之一。它作及物动词、介词它作及物动词、介词或者某些形容词的宾语。或者某些形容词的宾语。一、教学任务一、教学任务 复习宾语从句复习宾语从句二、重点和难点二、重点和难点 1 1、由不同引导词引导的、由不同引导词引导的 宾语从句宾语从句 2 2、宾语从句中时态的变化、宾语从句中时态的变化由由从属连词从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由由从属连词从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句1、that引导的从句（在非正式场合引导的从句（在非正式场合that可可以省略）以省略）可跟可跟that从句从句做宾语的动词很多，做宾语的动词很多，常用的有：常用的有：say,think,believe,wish,hope,agreesee,hear,feel,wonder,afraid,know The letter says(that)they will arrive on Sunday.Lets suppose(that)one day this happens to you.1 1）信）信上上说，他们将在说，他们将在 星期天到达。星期天到达。2 2）让我们假设，有一天这事发生在你身上。）让我们假设，有一天这事发生在你身上。He knows(that)he should work hard.3 3）他知道他应该努力工作）他知道他应该努力工作4 4）她担心会忘了英语）她担心会忘了英语*经常在及物动词和宾语从句之间插入一个经常在及物动词和宾语从句之间插入一个 间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）*在动词在动词 think,believe,suppose 等后面，等后面，宾语从句的否定形式前移宾语从句的否定形式前移*他对我他对我说说,她犯了个错误她犯了个错误1)我认为你是不对的我认为你是不对的She was afraid(that)she would forget her English.He told me that she was wrong.I dont think you are right.2)他们认为他不在乎，是吗？3)我们相信他还没有做完他的工作They dont suppose he cares,does he?We didnt believe he had finished his work*许多带复合宾语的句子，许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。*1)我们认为，他对于每个人都说了谎是错的。2)他认为，我失去这次机会很可惜。We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.He thought it a pity that I missed the chance2.2.由由whether,ifwhether,if 引导。引导。1）不知您是否愿意帮助我学习英语。2）我想知道是否他明年要参军3）他问我是否是我打碎了他的杯子I wonder if you can help me with my English.I wonder if/whether he will join the army next year.He asked me if I broke his glass.*If,whetherIf,whether引导宾语从句时，意思相同引导宾语从句时，意思相同“是否是否”,一般情况下可以互换。一般情况下可以互换。但是以下几种情况，须用但是以下几种情况，须用whetherwhether，不能用不能用if.if.4）他不确定他是否有时间。Hes not sure whether/if hell have time.a a)在带在带toto的不定式前的不定式前1)我们决定是否要步行去那儿。2)他们正在谈论是否要参加这个会议。We decided whether to walk there.They are discussing whether to take part in the meeting.b)b)在介词的后面在介词的后面Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.His mother isnt angry about whether he cant pass the exam 1）我正在考虑是否应该去看电影。2）他是否能通过考试，他的母亲并不生气。c)c)在动词后面的宾语从句时在动词后面的宾语从句时我们讨论下周是否举行运动会。We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.d)d)直接与直接与or notor not连用时连用时We must leave whether it will be fine or not.They cant decide whether to go or stay.I cant say whether or not they can come on time.1）无论天气晴否，我们必须离开。2）我说不准他们是否按时赶到。3）他们不能决定是去还是留。以下三种情况，用以下三种情况，用ifif不用不用whether.whether.a)if引导条件状语从句，意为引导条件状语从句，意为“如果如果”。b)if引导否定概念的宾语从句时。引导否定概念的宾语从句时。c)c)引导状语从句引导状语从句even ifeven if（即使）和即使）和as ifas if（好象）时好象）时如果天气晴朗，同学们要去野餐。他问我昨天是否没来上课。他说话的口气好象他已经全部都知道了。The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.He asked if I didnt come to school yesterdayHe talks as if he has known all about it.3)3)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 英语中的连接代代词有who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。英语中的连接副副词有when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?She asked whose jacket it was.Please tell me what youve done.1）你能告诉我在等谁吗？（作主语）2）他问这是谁的上衣。（作定语）3）请告诉我你都做了什么。（作宾语）Do you know when theyll be back?I want to know where she livesMr Hu asked him why he was late for school again.Please tell me how you did it.4)你知道他们何时回来吗？5）我想知道她住在哪里。6）胡老师问他为什么上学又迟到了。7）请告诉我你是怎么做的。*可用连接代词或连接副词引导的可用连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语有宾语从句的动词或动词短语有*See,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,remember,find out,show,choose,forget等等 陈述句陈述句语序：语序：连接代词连接代词/副词副词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分1）我不知道他们在找什么2）你能告诉我火车什么时候开走吗？3）你能想象出他是哪种人吗？I dont know what they are looking for.Could you tell me when the train will leave?Can you imagine what kind of man he is?1.1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。2 2主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。3 3注意：当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，注意：当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。我听说他昨天去北京了。她很抱歉没有按时完成工作奶奶告诉我太阳从东方升起。I hear that he went to Beijing yesterday.She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.Grandma told me the sun rises in the east.1.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)2.Tom says that they _(play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.3.I hear they _(return)it already.4.He asked what they _ at eight last night.(do)5.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)has returnedgoeswere playingwere doinghad been 7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound.(travel)8.I think you _ about the relay race now.(talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from.(be)10.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)travelsare talkingwerewill be
