备考2022练习2014年高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）（含解析版）.pdf

第 1页（共 14页）2014 年高考英语试卷（新课标年高考英语试卷（新课标）第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分）分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 45 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual CuriosityChallenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to createartwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that showswhat they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to theCambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a specialceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students.Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given.Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closingceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related informationare available at: http:/cambridgesciencefestival.org.21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School studentsB. Cambridge localsC. CSF winnersD. MIT artists22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8thB. On March 10thC. On April 21stD. On March 15th23. What type of writing is this text?A. An exhibition guide.B.An art show review.C.An announcement.D.An official report.BPassenger pigeons （旅鸽） once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Writtenaccounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky forhours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billionpassenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers hadalready become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long wasseen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds wereabundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercialhunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threwlarge nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold inrestaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested hadbeen damaged by Americansneed for wood, which scattered（驱散）the flocks and forced the birds to gofarther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the greatflocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the UnitedStates was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under humancare. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden inSeptember 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south ofAmericaC. did great harm to the natural environment第 2页（共 14页）D. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasureB. To save other birdsC. To make moneyD. To protect crops27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the publicB. It was declared too lateC. It was unfairD. It was strictCAtypical lion tamer （驯兽师） in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip（鞭） and a chair. Thewhip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show. In reality, its the chair that does the importantwork. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs ofthe chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what todo next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking theman holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have somethingyou want to achieve（e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more）- only to end up confused by all ofthe options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The endresult is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take lessaction, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, rememberthis: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel readyis one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want toaccomplish, someone you want to become take immediate action. If youre clear about where you wantto go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To show off his skills.B. To trick the lion.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changed.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. TolerantB. DoubtfulC. RespectfulD. Supportive31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, youre advised to.A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, otherlanguages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the worldtoday will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, andCultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations- UNESCO andNational Geographic among them-have for many years been documenting dying languages and thecultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languagesand oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, AGrammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows outof his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to includeother languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. Buthe is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.第 3页（共 14页）At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-includingphotographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes-which had remained unstudied and were badly inneed of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded-the Digital Himalaya Project and theWorld Oral Literature Project-Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in librariesand stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digitaltechnology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved andreconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to.A. promote global languageB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speakers.34. What is Turins book based on?A. The cultural studies in India.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describes Turins work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Design, experiment and report.D. Collect, protect and reconnect.第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.36By helping them develop classic skillsthat will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious.37Ask kids, “What ingredients （配料） can we add tomake these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make thepancakes better? What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.38There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to createsomething new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Personal skillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know whats going on inside our ownhead, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumpingto false conclusions.39“Why do you think shes crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling bylooking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self Expression40There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas-music, acting, drawing, building,photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.第 4页（共 14页）第三部分第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 55 分）分）第一节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题两分，满分 40 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine（常规）basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this41at work in people of all42. For example, onChristmas morning, children are excited about43with their new toys. But their44soon wearsoff and by January those45toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of46stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones47interest. Whenparents bring home a pet, their child48bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however,the49of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school withgreat50but are soon looking forward to51. The same is true of the young adults going tocollege. And then, how many52, who now complain （抱怨） about the long drives to work,53drove for hour at a time when they first54their drivers licenses （执照）? Before people retire,they usually55to do a lot of56things, which they never had57to do while working.But58after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become asboring as the jobs they59.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new60.41.A. habitB. principleC. wayD. power42.A. partiesB. racesC. countriesD. ages43.A. workingB. livingC. playingD. going44.A. confidenceB. interestC. anxietyD. sorrow45.A. sameB. extraC. funnyD. expensive46.A. well-organizedB. colorfully-printedC. half-filledD. newly-collected47.A. broadB. passingC. differentD. main48.A. silentlyB. impatientlyC. worriedlyD. gladly49.A. promiseB. burdenC. rightD. game50.A. courageB. calmnessC. confusionD. excitement51.A. graduationB. independenceC. responsibilityD. success52.A. childrenB. studentsC. adultsD. retirees53.A. carefullyB. eagerlyC. nervouslyD. bravely54.A. requiredB. obtainedC. noticedD. discovered55.A. needB. learnC. planD. start56.A. greatB. strangeC. difficultD. correct57.A. timeB. moneyC. skillsD. knowledge58.A. onlyB. wellC. evenD. soon59.A. lostB. choseC. quitD. left60.A. petsB. toysC. friendsD. colleagues第二节（共 10 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It61（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it62（actual）caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of63most outstanding examples ofenvironmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days64even a few months. It took years of work65（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the waterin the river is66（clean）than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit67is driving your familycrazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you facesuch an impossible situation, dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are68（amaze） stories of instant transformation, for most of us the69第 5页（共 14页）（change）are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be70（patience）.第四部分第四部分写作（共两节，满分写作（共两节，满分 35 分）分）第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（） ，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherrytomatoes （圣女果） in our back garden. Since then - for all these year - we had been allowing tomatoesto self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allowtomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never ha