大学生内部称谓语使用状况调查研究.doc

A SURVEY ON INTERNAL APPELLATION BY COLLEGE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY AT YUNNAN MINZU UNIVERSITYA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES (ENLISH MAJOR) YUNNAN MINZU UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHEL OR OF ARTSBYLUO YADANClASS OF 2017STUDENT CODE: 201308401320SUPERVISED BYZHANG BIAOAPRIL 27, 2017云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业论文(设计)，是本人在指导教师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除论文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文没有抄袭、剽窃他人已经发表的研究成果。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 毕业论文(设计)作者签名： 日 期： 年 月 日.关于毕业论文(设计)使用授权的说明本人完全了解云南民族大学有关保留、使用毕业论文(设计)的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文(设计)的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文(设计)。（保密论文在解密后应遵守）指导教师签名： 论文(设计)作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. A special acknowledgement should be shown to my supervisor Mr. Zhang Biao, who gave me kind encouragement and useful instructions all through my writing. Second I wish to extend my thanks to Pro. Li Qiang, who supplied me with reference materials of great value. Finally I want to thank my roommates. All of us come from different places and have different characters, but we could get along very well. We learn from each other and help each other.Thank my teachers, classmates and friends for their help with my thesis. Thank you very much!AbstractAppellation is both a linguistic phenomenon and social cultural phenomenon. Appellation means: A name comes from relatives or other aspects of the relationship, as well as the identity, occupation, etc. In any languages, appellations play an important role in social etiquette. The sources of appellations are different. They includes campus culture, network media, regional culture and foreign culture. In this paper, it adopts the way of questionnaire to survey the use and influencing factors of appellation and it extracts 100 students in Yunnan Minzu University who are from different grade, major, gender. Based on the survey results it puts forward the suggestion about reasonable use of appellations in order to build harmonious interpersonal relationship among college students.Key words: college students; internal appellation; source; normalization摘 要称谓语既是语言现象也是社会文化现象。称谓，人们由于亲属和别的方面的相互关系，以及由于身份、职业等等而得来的名称。称谓语都担当着重要的社交礼仪的作用。称谓语的来源也各不相同，有校园文化、网络传媒、地域文化、外来文化的影响等。本文通过对内部称谓语的使用状况及其影响因素的调查研究，采用抽样问卷调查的方法，在云南民族大学抽取了100名来自不同年级、专业、性别的学生，从而进行分析。基于调查结果进而提出合理使用规范称谓语，构建和谐的大学生人际关系的建议。关键词：大学生；内部称谓语；来源；规范Contents云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明AcknowledgementsAbstract摘 要1. Introduction11.1 Research Background11.2 Aim and Significance of the Study21.3 The Structure of the Thesis22. Literature Review32.1 The Definition and the Change of Appellation32.2 The Sources of Appellation52.2.1 Campus Culture52.2.2 Network Media52.2.3 Regional Culture62.2.4 The Influence of Foreign Culture72.3 Foreign Study82.4 Domestic Study83. Result and Analysis93.1 The Appellations of Teachers93.2 The Appellations of Schoolmates103.3 The Appellations of College Students Cadres113.4 The Appellations of other Staffs124. Conclusions and Implication13References14Appendix 115Appendix 221vI1. Introduction1.1 Research BackgroundLanguage is a means of human communication, and language is a unique tool of human communication. For peoples communicating with each other, the first question is how to call each other. That is appellation. Appellation, Modern Chinese Dictionary is interpreted as: A name comes from relatives or other aspects of the relationship, as well as the identity, occupation, etc. Such as father, master, secretary and so on.10 Appellation is the most frequent and indispensable part of human communication. It not only reflects many characteristics of communication, such as age, identity, occupation, but also reflects the relationship between the two sides and the level of intimacy.11 Between the different objects, due to environmental and cultural factors, the appellations among them are different. Today, it is an era that the development of the Internet is rapid, and appellations have also undergone enormous changes. And more and more network-based language appears in our daily life. The use of appellations is also deeply affected, especially the younger generation. They prefer to use the on-line language in appellations. The use of appellations between different genders is also different. Therefore, in our social life, especially in the occasion of communication, appellations play an active role as a communicative medium.12Contemporary college students are a new generation. They are full of vitality and creativity, and their thinking shows their unique characteristics. So the form of internal appellation is rich and varied, advancing with the times, and the source of appellation is extensive. This also reflects the diversity of the campus life.It is a very interesting topic to study the use of internal appellation by college students. It reflects not only the colorful campus life of college students, but also the influence of science and technology on campus life. At the same time, we can understand the ideas of college students from different regions. Of course, in a pluralistic cultural environment, it will ineluctably appear the non-standardized situation about the use of appellation. It is basic for us to use the correct appellations in different occasions. Thus, we should use the standard appellations in different occasions.1.2 Aim and Significance of the StudyLanguage as a tool of communication, it has a special status. And in the process of communication, appellation is the prerequisite for communication. Appellation is an indispensable part of speech communication. It can not only attract peoples attention, but also reflect the social status, kinship and cultural customs of a language group.4 Contemporary college students are affected by many factors, it will appear some irregular phenomenon during using appellation. In this paper, through the investigation and study, we can know about the situation that how the students in Yunnan Minzu University use the internal appellation who are from different grades, majors and genders. And it can find out the common and unique features of the use of appellation. Meanwhile, we can also know the diversity of college students life and the advancing with the times of them. And from the survey results, we can understand that the source and influencing factors of different appellations are also different, and it provides a condition that we can regulate use of appellations.1.3 The Structure of the ThesisIn this paper, it adopts a questionnaire to help me complete the survey by randomly sampling 100 college students in Yunnan Minzu University from different grades, majors and genders. This paper analyzes the influence of using internal appellations in Yunnan Minzu University in terms of the definition and changes of appellations, the source of appellations, including the influence of the campus culture, the network media, the regional culture and the foreign culture. Finally, it makes conclusions and inspirations for college students.2. Literature Review2.1 The Definition and the Change of AppellationAccording to Modern Chinese Dictionary, appellations interpret as: people who due to relatives and other aspects of the relationship, as well as the identity, occupation and so on to get the name, such as father, master, secretary and so on. Ma Hongji and Chang Qingfeng and other scholars think that:“The alleged object is a person, because of identity, occupation, gender, which reflects the social relations of people.”5 The object is mainly people. In Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary(7th edition), it is interpreted as appellation: n. A name or title.9 So we can see that appellations are a name or a title, but its object is human.Language belongs to the cultural category in the traditional society, and it presents a relatively stable state. However, under the condition of reform and opening-up, with the development of economy and the adjustment of social structure, especially the spread and influence of heterogeneous culture, it has created abundant soil and favorable conditions for language, especially the daily appellations. It has a great development in the appellations of daily language.7The appellations in the different period are different. The use of the appellation is closely related to the background of the times, economic development, culture and other aspects. (1) For example, in the Qing Dynasty, especially in the imperial family, the appellations can reflect a persons status, identity, official position and so on. Just as people respectfully called the supreme ruler emperor, its meaning refers to the supreme master and he is the most respectful person. This shows his identity and status. While officials are generally referred to as “Da Ren”, and now “ Da Ren” means adults. In a family, there are “ Lao Ye” who is the highest-ranking person in the family , “Fu Ren”, a lady who is his wife, “Shao Ye”, a boy who is his son, “Xiao Jie”, a girl who is his daughter. (2) In the early days of the founding of new China, the appellations are generally with a strong revolutionary color, and we often see including “old revolutionary”, “Lao Balu”, “the working class”, “the proletariat”, “comrade” and so on. These are related to the background for the time, after all, it produces revolutionary period. (3) With the development of the economy, especially after the reform and open to the outside, the economic development has led to the vigorous development of all aspect of society and peoples ideas are changing and updating. They begin to try to accept new things. So appellations have also changed. It becomes more and more colorful, even before the meaning of some appellations also changed. For example, the word “comrade”, which used to be a word with strong political colors, it means some like-minded people, but due to the development of language and human cognition gradually open, it evolves a new idea that is homosexuals. And “ Xian Sheng”, in ancient times, there is the meaning of learning to others. Now it extends the meaning that a respect for men. In the modern context, it is the name for men. “ Xiao Jie” is an honorific, it was used for unmarried women or girls name. The ancient meaning is the same as. It represents the rich people of unmarried women or girls. But in recent years, in some places of entertainment, “ Xiao Jie” has become a “ escort”. It has become a derogatory term and the title has aroused the resentment and disgust of many women. There are many examples in our daily life, The paper here only enumerates some. (4) With the constant changes in social life, new things emerge in an endless stream, which require some new words to express. For example, with the development of Chinas socialist commodity economy, the establishment of the stock market emerges a large number of stock trading and people who make a profit from stock called investors, and the shareholders hold a certain number of shares of the company. The fast-paced economic life has brought a more flexible employment and new occupations. There are tutors who help children study at home; special nurses to care of the sick; hour-paid workers clean houses; beauticians make people look beautiful. And even there is a word “ debt collectors” that people who specially demand repayment of a loan. At the same time, the survival of the fittest of market economy also come into being a large number of “laid-off workers”. And like these, many new appellations produce in the economic tide.62.2 The Sources of AppellationThe forms of internal appellation by college students are rich and the source is extensive, which is the result of campus culture, network media, regional culture, traditional culture and foreign culture. The internal appellation of college students absorbs various forms from inside and outside of campus.13 In particular, the internal appellations from the following several ways.2.2.1 Campus CultureCampus culture is an important part of college life, and campus is the most important living area of college students. They often contact with students, teachers and school staffs. This particular group life produces certain specific appellations, such as schoolmates, “Xue Zhang or Xue Jie” who is older than me; “ Xue Di or Xue Mei” who is younger than me. And on campus, the campus associations are numerous like student union, mass organization, class committee and so on, which appeared many special appellations, such as president of student union, president of community, department minister and many others. These reflect the thinking of the official standard. To some extent, it embodies the spirit of collective bonding and a concerted effort to cooperation; it embodies the charisma and cohesiveness of the person in charge; it embodies the members respect and support the leader. So it can in a broader context reflect the overall scene of a faculty and even a school. These appellations reflect the relationship between peers in college.In addition, the dormitories are an integral part on campus life. In a certain sense, roommates can be called our own families. At school, we get along with our roommates every day. And roommates also have some intimate appellations, and the number of using nicknames is most girls. Nicknames called by roommates reflects the strong female characteristics, such as dear, baby, honey and so on. Dormitory members have some special appellations, and it can appear more intimate relationship with each other, which also reflects the Chinese people ideas with harmony and like a family.2.2.2 Network MediaToday is the 21st century. This is a high-speed development of the times and network of the times. Any time, no matter where and when you are, as long as you want to know what messages, the Internet plays an important role. Media, including print media, electronic media and so on, such as newspapers, books, networks, radio, films and television. In the college, newspapers, television, Internet and other medias are the main way of communication between college students and the outside world, especially the popularity of the network changes the way of the young peoples life. The development of the Internet is now an important measure, and it can be accelerating development of college students to acquire knowledge on the network with using smart phones. So a variety of network appellations and movie l