工商管理英文 (2).doc

On Knowledge Management80 years of the 20th century, the industrial economy to a knowledge-based economy, the rise of knowledge-based enterprises have "knowledge management " concept of the new management came into being after 1991, the beginning of knowledge management has caused wide concern in the international arena, there are indications of domestic Basic synchronization began to explore with international knowledge management had become the craze in recent years, the number of papers related to increasing year by year. On knowledge management, all areas of research scholars stand on his own position on the proposed various professional understanding, not only to promote the popularization of the great difficulty of management thinking, but also to the subject a negative impact on the further development of。For knowledge management, Library and Information sector are divided into narrow and broad: the narrow sense refers only to knowledge itself, knowledge management, management, including knowledge creation, acquisition, processing, storage, dissemination and application of management (in addition to general knowledge management refers to the knowledge itself management, but also with the knowledge and intangible assets related to the management of various resources related to knowledge organization, knowledge infrastructure, knowledge assets, knowledge of the full range of activities and knowledge of staff and the entire process of management. The former refers to the knowledge of the various treatment activities, the knowledge management into the scope of Library and Information Science (the latter refers to a management paradigm that is central to knowledge management methods and theories are management areas. I believe that knowledge management as a management theory and methods, does not mean the literature, information and other library-style vector of knowledge management, which emphasizes the use of collective intelligence to improve business or organization's contingency and innovation capacity is to maintain competitive advantage and create a dynamic, specific measures, including personnel savings, knowledge sharing and knowledge innovation, and the appropriate corporate culture and the construction of hardware and software environments.1 knowledge management is a senior management paradigm.Proper understanding of the concept of knowledge management should start with management. What is management? Traditional and simple explanation is: done by others. Management is the management philosophy, management of three basic elements of a manager, tasks, and people.Classical management theory that human nature is lazy, who is exclusive to work, so the focus of concern is the task manager, to take coercive means management is management. The emergence of behavioral sciences, critical care only about the task of classical management school, the one when the machine is that managers must pay attention to, understanding, caring, good at listening to the views of staff and give full play the enthusiasm of workers to improve management performance, but the behavior scientific management theory has been criticized for a tendency to neglect the task. Until then before the advent of knowledge management theory, management theory can be said about contending, such as scientific management, contingency management theory, etc., however, is always the focus of debate between the two tasks and people is more important problems, namely: whether management should be task-oriented, or should be people-oriented? The former can be called task management theory, while the latter may be regarded as one of the management theory.Task management and people management by managers have not paid attention to the knowledge economy or the agricultural economy in the industrial era, the more forward and back, the more knowledge the hands of a few people - often in the hands of managers. When knowledge is mainly owned by managers, the managers point is every reason to be poor knowledge management ignored. Equipment, funds and tools aside, the investment required to complete the task only two: one manager and task-related knowledge; the other is the regulator's skilled mechanical labor. With the scientific and technological progress, especially in recent decades, the rapid development of computer network technology, making the production, dissemination and access more easily to the rapid spread of knowledge of all sectors of society, humanity has entered the era of knowledge economy. Important feature of the knowledge economy to become the most important foundation of knowledge resources, enterprise transformation from labor-intensive to knowledge-intensive. Managers at this time other than investments in addition to their knowledge, to achieve goals and gain competitive advantage, management must also be reflected in how the wisdom of saving and rational use of human resources staff knowledge of investment, that is, the knowledge management needs, and to the knowledge for the center. This management philosophy is "knowledge management" of a prominent foreign scholars view that knowledge management is to use the collective wisdom and innovation to improve response capabilities. In practice, knowledge management, the late 20th century, first in 90 enterprises and companies to be implemented, the goal is through the collective knowledge sharing and knowledge to maximize the competitive advantage of innovation and, ultimately, more economic benefits. Can be seen, knowledge management is the core tasks required for sophisticated personnel management, through knowledge of people in harmony with the task of unifying a complete solution to the task and the person two is more important problems.In summary, the management paradigm of evolution through to the people from the Task Manager and then to the management of knowledge management process. Knowledge management is the birth of a knowledge economy paradigm of senior management, and of course we can t deny the knowledge management paradigm in the management paradigm in the before the other also has some elements of knowledge management, because the paradigm of evolution from the point of view, any new theory must be developed on the basis of inheritance from the.2 competitive advantage and knowledge managementCompetitive advantage is a creation, loss and re-creation of the dynamic process, therefore, to remain competitive, enterprises or through continuous innovation and development of its dynamic ability to consolidate the competitive strength; or temporarily lose their competitive edge, through imitation, learning process the development of its dynamic ability to create new competitive advantages. In fact, it is the dynamic process of creating competitive advantage, and promote the continuous development of human society. Knowledge economy, enterprises have become a collection of knowledge, companies owned by it explicit, tacit knowledge constitutes a different knowledge systems, the competitive essence of business knowledge and knowledge systems of confrontation and competition. Enterprise of knowledge - especially among the tacit knowledge of the system, is the competitive edge in gaining access to the fundamental guarantee is a rapidly changing era of knowledge economy era. The rate of change is unprecedented in the face of rapidly changing external environment, corporate competitive advantage of existing knowledge on the role of the decision can only be temporary. To obtain sustainable competitive advantage companies must constantly improve their knowledge, apparently, this is a dynamic through continuous learning to gain competitive advantage in the process of implementation of the process is inseparable from knowledge management to build companies through the implementation of dynamic capabilities as the goal knowledge management, companies can achieve organizational learning, innovation capacity and knowledge transfer, the formation of coordination and integration capabilities. Reconfiguration of resources, organizational learning and continuous innovation, and ultimately to maintain and create competitive advantage.Therefore, knowledge management, organizational dynamic capabilities to create and maintain sustainable competitive advantage, to achieve this goal, knowledge management requires the organization, learning mechanism, technology and so there must be corresponding support elements. Specifically, the dynamic competitive advantage for businesses to create knowledge management has the following characteristics:First, the knowledge of knowledge management emphasizes the knowledge from the organization of an enterprise knowledge system extended to all knowledge. Some view that knowledge management is the organization with the main object of the implicit, explicit knowledge, stress the importance of the tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge to achieve the knowledge sharing, and its main role is to enhance organizational efficiency and achieve knowledge innovation. In fact, to create a dynamic competitive advantage, the scope of knowledge management enterprise knowledge system should be extended to all areas of knowledge involved. In addition to business knowledge throughout the organization with the enterprise network associated with the explicit, implicit knowledge, but also cured by the production and business activities in the creation of the brand, reputation and other intangible knowledge inside. Second, the organizational structure more flexible, flexible, easy dissemination of knowledge in knowledge and innovation. Enterprises in the horizontal and vertical knowledge systems with external organizations involved in strengthening cooperation, will be consistent with the strategic objectives of the enterprise, with core competence, high integrity News external organizations into an important source of competitive advantage. In order to fully absorb and utilize the knowledge of external organizations, businesses partner to be able to focus on the knowledge of unit personnel to adjust, set up appropriate organizational unit, and accelerate the spread of knowledge and use of the enterprise. Third, the learning mechanism closely changes in the external environment, the role of knowledge in the same company all the related organizations or individuals. To obtain the dynamic competitive advantages, not one-sided pursuit of business performance, particularly short-term commercial interests, but must focus on shaping the organization through continuous learning to dynamic capabilities. Organizational learning is the ability of enterprises to establish and develop an important means of dynamic. Competition with the business strategy to adapt to dynamic capabilities, organizational learning mechanism for enterprises to continue innovation and sustainable development of inexhaustible power. Enterprises not only to establish the internal organization of learning mechanisms to achieve internal knowledge sharing and innovation, improve the organization and the knowledge unit in the industrial chain of knowledge which links must also establish a collaborative network of organizations throughout the body of knowledge learning mechanism, through inter-organizational collaborative learning to the development of enterprises depends on horizontal and vertical knowledge chain are to be extended and enriched with relevant partners increased at the same level of knowledge.Fourth, the application of advanced information technology to promote knowledge sharing corporate knowledge and innovation the core of the development of dynamic capabilities depends on the entire body of knowledge to tacit knowledge in knowledge-led innovation. Enterprise knowledge management with advanced information technology, not only to help it achieve internal knowledge creation, dissemination, utilization, and knowledge systems to try to involve all organizations or individuals included in the scope of management, the entire enterprise of knowledge organization-wide knowledge sharing.3 enterprises to implement the main measures of knowledge management.Management will always seek benefits mentioned above, management is done by others, for the enterprise, its mission is the production, marketing, to achieve its economic and social benefits. As a senior management paradigm, knowledge management is also bound to achieve the mission of the service, mainly to emphasize the following three measures:3.1 The savings are highly educated personnel Of qualified personnel is the basis for knowledge management. Concept of knowledge management tasks through knowledge will be unified in harmony with others: to complete the task requires some knowledge, and who should be the task of the knowledge holders, so the first implementation of the measures of knowledge management is the high savings level of knowledge of the personnel, have a high level of knowledge with talent, companies can have a sustainable competitive dynamics, specific ways to achieve this measure found from outside the enterprise and the introduction of talent, including the training of internal personnel and mining, namely the establishment of effective learning mechanism. 3.2 Creating a knowledge-sharing platform and to encourage knowledge-sharing Knowledge sharing is the key to knowledge management. Sharing of knowledge from the human society has long been since the birth, but the efficiency of knowledge sharing to create smooth exchange of knowledge in the basis of highly developed information technology and the rapid progress in the knowledge economy, knowledge management must create a modern information technology based knowledge sharing platform, such as remote phones, video conferencing, local area networks to ensure effective dissemination of knowledge within the enterprise and use. Another problem with the sharing of knowledge enterprises should establish the appropriate incentives to encourage employees to have their own knowledge and experience and selfless dedication to you, and actively participate in the sharing of knowledge 3.3 to create a good corporate culture and promote knowledge innovation Knowledge Management Knowledge Innovation is the soul. The highest goal of knowledge management is to maintain and develop competitive advantage, competitive advantage is a creation, loss and re-creation of the dynamic process of knowledge innovation can only continue to carry out such research and application of new technology, new product development, production , promotion, companies can have a sustainable competitive advantage, to an invincible position in a market economy requires a good knowledge innovation # corporate culture as a hotbed of incubation. Business managers should strive to create a united, positive corporate culture to promote knowledge innovation of employees, the incentive mech