高三英语最新的知识点总结2021.docx
高三英语最新的知识点总结2021高三英语知识点总结1It的用法1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语.而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后.例如:Itisnoreasytofinishtheworkintwodays.然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语.这些表语是:无助(nohelp)、无用(nouse)、没好处(nogood);工作(hardwork)、费时(awasteoftime)、又危险(adanger).例如:A、Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.B、Itisawasteoftimewaitingforhim.2、It还可以作形式宾语.通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge,make).例如:A、Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.B、Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.3、It用于强调句式.要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、状语),可以把it当作先行词.这种句子的结构是:Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分.例如:A、ItiSProfessorLinwhoteachesusEnglish(强调主语)B、ItwasinShanghaithatlsawthefilm.(强调状语)C、Itwasin1990thatIworkedinthefactory.(同上)但要注意与定语从句的区别.例如:D、Itwas1990whenIworkedinthefactory.(定语从句)在强调句式里,我们把强调结构Itis(was)that除去,句子还很完整.如例句C.而例句D就不能.倒装结构学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装.如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不倒装的属特殊.下面举例说明:C、Infrontofthehouseliesagarden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)D、NevershallIdothisagain.(否定词提前,部分倒装)E、Youngasheis,heknowsalot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)F、OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.(only修饰状语,主句倒装)G、Onlyhecansavethepatient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)H、Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeople,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)I、Notonlyhebutalsowelikesports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)高三英语知识点总结2词组句型用法例析accuseof控告某人犯某罪IaccusedDonnyofstealingmoney.我控告Donny偷盗。soasto(dosth.)为了Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirsttrain.我们早起以便坐上第一班车。辨析:soasto不能位于句首,此时可用inordertoInordernottobelateforschool,wemustgetupearly.为了上学不迟到,我们须早起。defendagainst防卫免受Ourdutyistodefendourcountryagainsttheenemies.我们的职责是保卫我们的国家免受敌人的侵袭。haveanoseforsth.有探查或发现某事物的能力新课标第一网Thatreporterhasanosefornews.那位记者对新闻特别敏感。thesameas./suchasHeissuchakindmanasalllike.他是个人人喜欢的善良的人。(as作like的宾语)注:在定语从句中,先行词中包含有thesame,such,so等时,要用as来引导;关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语等。比较:Heissuchakindmanthatalllikehim.(that不作任何句子成分)高三英语知识点总结3一、就近一致原则由or,notonly.butalso.,neither.nor.,either.or.,whether.or.,not.but.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。NeitherhisparentsnorIamabletopersuadehimtochangehismind.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Hereisaruler,afewpencilsandtwocopybooks.二、意义一致原则1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。Politicsishisfavoritesubject.(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。DoyouknowwhentheUnitedNationswassetup?2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词,如people,police,public,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurderer.3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定AsfarasIknow,hisfamilyisnotverylargebutthefamilyareallmusiclovers.(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。Thepoorwerelookeddownuponintheolddays.三、语法一致原则1.由and连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份),谓语动词用单数。Theteacherandpoetoftengiveslecturesaroundthecity.(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。Theteacherandthepoethavejustarrived.(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducationinourcountry.(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如:aknifeandfork(一副刀叉)等作主语,谓语动词用单数。Breadandbutterisnottohistaste.2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Isfiftypoundsenough?“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Two-thirdsofthebooksareaboutscience.Only30%oftheworkwasdoneyesterday.高三英语知识点总结4表强调:still,indeed,ofcourse,afterall,aboveall,surely,certainly,undoubtedly,inanycase,anyway,infact,especially,obviously,clearly表比较like,unlike,similarly,inthesameway,equally,similarto表对比bycontrast,onthecontrary,while.,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,differentfrom,however,otherwise,yet,theformerthelatter,oncenow,someother,yearsagotoday表列举foronethingandforanother,like表举例Forexample,forinstance,suchas,takeforexample,exceptfor表时间Later,next,then,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,inthemeanwhile,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,now,afterawhile,when,while,before,after,until,assoonas,then,suddenly,inafewdays,inrecentyears,earlythismorning/year/century,allofsudden,themoment表顺序First,second,third,firstly,secondly,thirdly,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,finally,eventually,intheend,atlast,next,aboveall,firstandmostimportant,meanwhile表解释Inotherwords,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,thatistosay,namely,表递进Whatismore,inaddition,and,alsobesides,too,moreover,furthermore,aswellas,aswell,again,additionally,whatisworse?表让步Although,though,eventhough,afterall,inspiteof,evenif,表转折However,ratherthen,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,despite表原因Forthisreason,for,nowthat,thanksto,assince,owingto,because,becauseof,dueto,表结果So,so/suchthat,therefore,thus,asaresult,accordingly表总结Onthewhole,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,inshort,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,aboveall,afterall其他高三英语知识点总结5lookatabook?表示阅读性地“看书”(即读书),一般要用动词read。如:Dontreadsuchbooks.不要读那样的书。HeisreadingabookonShakespeare.他在看一本关于莎士比亚的书。但是,在许多情况下,“看书”只需用read就够了(尤其是泛泛地表示“看书”时),无需后接book作宾语。如:IntheeveningIusuallyread.晚上我常常看书。Thislightistoopoortoreadby.这光线太暗不能看书。IreadmuchlessnowthanIdidatschool.我现在看书远比我上学时少。若不是表示阅读性地“看书”,而只是大概地看一看,比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等,或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句等,或者是考试时悼词楸镜龋此时都不宜用动词read,可用lookat,see等。如:CanIlookatthosebooks?我可以看看那些书吗?Jimdemandedtoseemybooks.吉姆要求看看我的书。Pleaseanswermyquestionswithoutlookingatyourbooks.请不看书回答我的问题。Studentsmustnotlookattheirbooksduringexaminations.学生考试不准舞弊。