高二英语必刷语法重要知识难点2021.docx

高二英语必刷语法重要知识难点2021高二英语必刷语法重要知识点1Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.1作原因状语，等于as/since/because引导从句Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldnthelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid作时间状语，等于when引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/while/until等使时间意义更明确。Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention.you作方式或伴随状语Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.作让步状语Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he.独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.RewritewithproperconjunctionsExample:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。Seeingthesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostinbedressedinbeinterestedinbedevotedtobesupposedto?becaughtintherainbeseatedinbepreparedforbedeterminedto2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构generallyspeaking一般说来strictly/franklyspeaking严格地说/坦白地说judgingfrom从判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的动作)Practice1.CompleteeachsentencesusingtheP.P.oftherightverb.buildfrightentrapfollowshootseeexamine1bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaredtosleepinherroom.2Theladyreturnedhome,bytwopolicemen.3Afterhavingbeencarefully,theroomwaslockedagain.4.in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50yearsold.5fromadistance,theOperaHouselookslikeshipsails.6Ifinaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.7Althoughintheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.高二英语必刷语法重要知识点2一、不定式做主语：1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。=动名词doing表示习惯的，经常的动作。e.g:Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult.Todosuchthingsisfoolish.Toseeistobelieve.(对等)注:1).不定式作主语时,谓语用单数2).当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todoItis+adj.+forsb.+todoItiseasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessaryitis+a+名词+todo.Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/onesduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjobtodoIttakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patiencetodoItrequirescourage/patience/hardworktodo_注意:probable和possible均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语，而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。主语是以aimdutyhopeideaintentionplanjobsuggestionwishpurposetask等为中心词的名词词组或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容,不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。eg:Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.三、动词不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)想要学习早打算(wantlearnplan)快准备有希望(preparehopewishexpect)同意否供选择(agreeofferchoose)决定了已答应(decidebedeterminedpromise)尽力去着手做(manageundertake)别拒绝别假装(refusepretend)失败不是属于你(fail)e.g.Tomrefusedtolendmehispen.Wehopetogettherebeforedark.Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.高二英语必刷语法重要知识点3重点短语1.defendagainst保卫以免受2.intruducesbtosb向某人介绍某人3.kisssbonsomepart亲吻某人的某个部位4.indefence防御，保障5.togetherwith与某人一起6.belikelyto很可能;有希望7.reachoneshandouttosth把手伸出来取某物8.onthecontrary相反nodatsb向某人点头greetsbwith/by通过向某人问候11.expressonesfeelings表达某人的感情12.ingeneral总的来说;通常13.atajobfair在求职会上benervousabout对感到紧张atease舒适;快活;自由自在loseface丢脸turnonesbackto背对;背弃18.turnonesheadaway把头转过去19.bewillingto渴望.,愿意.20.lookupsetaboutsth对.感到沮丧重点句型Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的茱莉亚史密斯。Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefense.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。touchingordistancebetweenpeople.各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也不尽相同。Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother,soitisanamazingthingthatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo.