过去完成时微课课件_2018_6_22.ppt
吉林省公主岭市双城堡镇中学校吉林省公主岭市双城堡镇中学校 刘金翠刘金翠Past Perfect Tense一、过去完成时的概念与结构：概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”（Past-in-the-past）。那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。eg:She had left by the time I got there.肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+.否定句：主语+had/hadnt+过去分词+.一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+had+主语+过去分词+?二、过去完成时的判断依据：1.由三个by来判定：(1)by+过去时间点:eg：昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了I had finished reading the novel by nineoclock last night.(2)by the end of+过去时间点：eg：截止到上学期期末，我们已经学了两千多个英语单词了。We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.(3)by the time+从句(一般过去时)eg：当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。By the time I got to the station,the train had already left.2.由“过去的过去”来判定：这种用法常出现在宾语从句中：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。多用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。eg：她说她以前看过这部电影。She said that she had seen the film before.三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：1、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则强调的是动作发生在“过去的去”.试比较:1)-Whats wrong with the door?-Some children have broken it.2)-John returned home yesterday.-Where had he been？2.现在完成时强调一个动作从过去到现在并可能持续到将来；过去完成时强调一个动作从过去持续到过去并可能继续。eg:1)到目前为止，我已经学会了1000个英语单词。I have already learned 1000 English words so far.2)到那时为止，我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。I had already learned 1000 English words till then.注意：过去完成时和现在完成时共通的地方是他们都可以与 already,yet,since,for连用。观察：a.Where is Lily?I have waited for her for an hour!b.When Jack arrived,Mary had been away for almost an hour.Summary过去完成时与现在完成时二者用法基本相同，但现在完成时以现在时间为基点，过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点，与现在无关，即“过去的过去”。Exercises:翻译句子:1.到上个月底,你看了多少部英文电影?How many English films had you seen by the end of last month?2.今天上午十点钟前,他已经完成了这项工作.He had finished the work before ten oclock this morning.3.我到运动场时,比赛已经开始了.The match had already begun by the time I got to the playground.4.昨天我看到了David.自离开学校以来,我们都没 见过面。I saw David yesterday.We had not seen each other since we left school.5.他告诉我他从小就认识她。He told me that he had known her since he was a child.
