之主谓一致高三英语复习课件 新课标 人教.ppt

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement主谓一致 “一一致致”是是指指句句子子成成分分之之间间或或词词语语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,are,were,havewere,have等，主语是单数，等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：谓语要用单数形式，如：is,is,was,has,workswas,has,works等。等。学习主谓一致所应注意的原则学习主谓一致所应注意的原则 英语中，主语的单复数形英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致需遵循以下三条式。主谓一致需遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。致原则、就近一致原则。一一.谓语的动词要与主语的人称和谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。数一致。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.isareThe students of Class One_not wrongareA young man and a girl want to go there.The singer and the writer are famous to many young people.二二.由由andand连接的两个单数名词做主语连接的两个单数名词做主语时，谓动一般用复数。时，谓动一般用复数。Both Jack and Tim _ diving.are1).1).但如果意义上指同一个人、同一但如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。The singer and writer is famous to everyone.A pen and book is what I need.A needle(针）and thread(线）was found on the floor.2).2).当当eachand each,everyand eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many aand every,noand no,many aand many a.many a.等结构做主语时，谓语动词用单等结构做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式数形式。No man and no animal is to be found No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.on the moon.在月球上没有发现人和动物。在月球上没有发现人和动物。Many a doctor and many a nurse is Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.busy with their work.许多医生和护士都许多医生和护士都在忙于他们的工作。在忙于他们的工作。3).3).一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓动应用复数。动应用复数。Ancient(古代）古代）and modern history are the subjects we are studying.但如果表示的是同一概念时，谓动应但如果表示的是同一概念时，谓动应用单数用单数。The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.三、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致1).1).有生命的词，如有生命的词，如cattle,police,cattle,police,peoplepeople等做主语时，谓动常用复数。等做主语时，谓动常用复数。The police are investigating the crime.The cattle are kept in his farm.2).2).无生命的词，如无生命的词，如foliage(foliage(叶子），叶子），machinery(machinery(机械），机械），clothing,clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage baggage,equipment,luggage merchandise(merchandise(商品、货物）等做主语商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数时，谓动用单数。All the machinery in this factory is made in China.Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.3).audience,class,crew,committee,3).audience,class,crew,committee,family,team,group,army,policefamily,team,group,army,police等做等做主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数。The football team The football team isis being being recognized.recognized.The football team The football team areare having having baths and baths and areare coming back here for coming back here for tea.tea.-A:How many people are there in your family?-B:There are six.-A:Woo!Your family _ a big one.Can you tell me your hobbies?-B:Ok!My parents like running,my two sisters like swimming,my brother and I like playing football.-A:So your family all _ sports.islike四、不定代词做主语时的主谓一致1).1).不定代词不定代词 each,another,the other,each,another,the other,either,neither either,neither 和由和由some,any,no,some,any,no,every+one/thing/body every+one/thing/body 所构成的复合所构成的复合代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。Neither has gone through regular training.Nobody wants to go there.Something has been done to end the strike.不定代词不定代词 anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,each,the other 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2).None None 和和 neither neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。而谓动须用单数。Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.None of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/know knows/know3).both,(a)few,many,several 3).both,(a)few,many,several 等做主语时，谓动常用复数等做主语时，谓动常用复数。Both(of)the instruments are not precise ones.4).all 4).all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数数；若表物，谓动则用单数。All is well that ends well.All are eager to reach an agreement.五五.就近原则就近原则:当用作主语的两个名词或当用作主语的两个名词或代词由代词由or,eitheror,neithernor 或或 not onlybut also 连接时连接时,谓语通谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。六六.就前原则就前原则:主语后如有下面词或主语后如有下面词或短语短语,如如 with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including，in addition to等等,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。谓语动词与前面的主语一致。Mr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.isMr.Black with,together with,along with七七.由由there there 或或here here 引导的句子，引导的句子，主语不止一个名词是，主语不止一个名词是，谓语动词谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。致。八、形式为复数、意义为单数的名词做主语时的主谓一致1 1）.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语，量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语，谓动常用单数。谓动常用单数。2 2）.两数相加、相乘，谓动单复两数相加、相乘，谓动单复数均可；两数相减、相除，谓动数均可；两数相减、相除，谓动只用单数。只用单数。Thirty-six from forty Thirty-six from forty leavesleaves six.six.Six times seven Six times seven are/is are/is forty-two.forty-two.3 3）.主语是以主语是以-ics-ics结尾的学科时，谓动结尾的学科时，谓动一般用单数；以一般用单数；以-s-s结尾的专有名词做主结尾的专有名词做主语，如：语，如：the United States,the New the United States,the New Times,Arabian NightsTimes,Arabian Nights等，谓动要用等，谓动要用单数。单数。4 4）.群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如词如:the Alps,the:the Alps,the Philippines,Niagara FallsPhilippines,Niagara Falls等等做主语时，谓动用复数。做主语时，谓动用复数。Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.5.5.名词如名词如trousers,pants,shorts,trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissorsglasses,scissors以及以及clothes,goodsclothes,goods等等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数修饰时，谓动用单数。九、百分数、分数做主语时九、百分数、分数做主语时的主谓一致的主谓一致当百分数、分数后加名词或代词时，当百分数、分数后加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。的单复数形式。十、“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念，则用单数。The sick here are very well cared for.The true is to be told from the false.十一、“one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中的主谓一致1.在”one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中，定语从句中的谓动的单复数形式由它所修饰的先行词来决定。This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.2.在”the(only)one of+复数名词+定语从句“结构中，定语从句的谓动仍用单数。Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who is studying the major of International Law in this university.十二、从句、不定式、-ing形式做主语时的主谓一致1.在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中，主句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.What his father left him are a few English books.2.动词不定式、-ing形式做主语，谓动用单数。To learn English well is difficult.3.在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数。What I say and think are none of your business.4.以who,why,how,whether或that引导的从句做主语时，谓动用单数。Why she did this is not known.由how and why,when and where引导的从句做主语时，谓动仍用单数。When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.5.and连接的两个名词性从句做主语，如表示两件事情，则谓动用复数。What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.Supplementary Exercises Multiple choice:1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known6.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 12:43:07 AM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Dec-2225-Dec-2212、故人江海别，几度隔山川。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202213、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202214、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。25 十二月 20222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2515、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十二月 222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202216、行动出成果，工作出财富。2022/12/252022/12/2525 December 202217、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/259、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 12:43:07 AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Dec-2225-Dec-2212、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202213、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。25 十二月 20222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2515、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。十二月 222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202216、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。2022/12/252022/12/2525 December 202217、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/259、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 12:43:07 AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Dec-2225-Dec-2212、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202213、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。25 十二月 20222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2515、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。十二月 222022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/202216、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2022/12/252022/12/2525 December 202217、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/252022/12/25MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉