北京地区高三英语语法 动名词 新课标.ppt

The Gerund（动名词）（动名词）1.动名词的形式：语态语态时态时态 主动式主动式 被动式被动式一般式一般式workingbeing worked完成式完成式having workedhaving been worked2.动名词的否定形式not doingnot having donenot having been donenot being doneeg.Writing to her without getting a reply is better than not writing to her at all.eg.He regretted not having written to her.3.动名词具有动词的特征，可以带有宾语，宾语补足语，状语等。eg.You must practise reading English aloud.eg.Getting up early is a good habit.4.动名词在句中的作用：主语主语定语定语表语表语宾语宾语1)动名词作主语动名词作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为和动作。eg.Skating on real ice is great fun.eg.Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.eg.Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.eg.Reading history helps broaden your world outlook.动名词结构作主语，通常也有两种位置；一种是位于句首；另一种是用 it作形式主语，而将动名词结构后置。eg.It is no use blaming him now.eg.Its interesting collecting stamps.eg.It is pleasant working with you.eg.Its waste of time searching for a ring in the woods.*不定式和动名词结构都能作主语，但从语义上看，用动名词结构作主语泛指意义较强，而不定式作 主语具体的一次性动作。eg.Reading novels is an enjoyment.eg.To read this novel is my homework.Compare:2）动名词作表语动名词结构作 表语也是泛指意义较强，而不定式结构作 表语多指具体的一次性动作。eg.My hobby is growing flowers.eg.My favourite sport is playing tennis.eg.What I thought most was going to China.Compare:What Im going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.What I am told to do is to go to China at once.*表语往往要求在结构形式上与主语一致，如果主语是动名词结构，表语往往也要用动名词结构；主语如果是不定式结构，则表语也要求用不定式结构。Laying down arms is giving up the revolutionary cause.To lay arms is to give up the revolutionary cause.Example:3)动名词作定语动名词作定语通常表示被修饰词的用途。a swimming pool=a pool for swimminga sleeping car=a car for sleeping4)动名词作动词宾语有一类动词只能带动名词作宾语，不能带不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有:avoid consider delay dislike enjoy excuse finish imaginekeep mind miss practise suggest give up put offcannot helpExample:Why do you avoid meeting George?When can you finish writing the letter?Do you mind my opening the windows?I have delayed my going abroad.I dislike his coming to see me so often.He enjoyed taking the children out for long walks.还有一些动词随后即可跟动名词，又可跟不定式，意义没有区别或区别不大如：attempt begin continue hate intendlike love prefer require start Example:He began learning/to learn English at the age of ten.I like playing/to play chess.但是，也有一些动词后跟动名词结构或不定式结构则意义区别很大。forget regret mean try stop need require wantgo on cant help remember记住要做一件事记住要做一件事记住过去做过的一记住过去做过的一件事件事忘记要做一件事忘记要做一件事 忘记过去做过的一忘记过去做过的一件事件事对现在要做的事表对现在要做的事表示遗憾示遗憾 对已发生的事表示对已发生的事表示遗憾遗憾 rememberto dodoingforgetto dodoingregretto dodoing表示打算做表示打算做表示意味着表示意味着表示尽力做某事表示尽力做某事表示做某事试一试表示做某事试一试表示停下来以便做表示停下来以便做表示停止做表示停止做meanto dodoingtryto dodoingstopto dodoing接着做另一件事接着做另一件事继续做一直在做的继续做一直在做的事事不能帮助做谋事不能帮助做谋事禁不住做某事禁不住做某事主语是不定式动作主语是不定式动作的执行者的执行者主语是主语是-ing动作的动作的承受者承受者go onto dodoingcant helpto dodoingneed require wantto dodoing过去经常做过去经常做（现在已不（现在已不做了）做了）习惯于做某习惯于做某事事表示不敢做表示不敢做某事某事表示害怕表示害怕 担担心会心会used to dobe used to doingbe afraidto doof doingExample:I remembered putting the book on the shelf.I remembered to put the book on the shelf.He tried writing with his left hand.He tried to write with his left hand.5)动名词作介词宾语动名词结构作介词宾语相当动名词结构作介词宾语相当于名词词组或名词性从句。于名词词组或名词性从句。eg.She is fond of playing tennis.eg.I have never heard of his buying a new house.*在一定的上下文中，动名词结构作宾语的介词常可省略。eg.Do you have any difficulty(in)finding his house.eg.What is the use(of)pretending to know everything.5.动名词的时态和语态1)动名词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或之后发生用一般式。eg.They are all interested in climbing mountains.2)动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用完成式。eg.I regret having made such a mistake.eg.I apologize for not having kept my promise.3)如果动名词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用被动式。eg.He entered the office without being asked.eg.She remembered having been taken to Paris.6.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构是由ones/one+v-ing 构成。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，应用复合结构。Example:Do you mind my smoking here?His coming to school late made the teacher very angry.*如果在句中作宾语，复合结构中的代词可以用宾格。eg.I dislike him coming to see me so often.eg.I have delayed him going abroad.9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/12/252022/12/25Sunday,December 25,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。2022/12/252022/12/252022/12/2512/25/2022 3:08:53 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