名词性从句之宾语从句及表语从句公开课件.ppt

NounClauses名词性从句名词性从句在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由语、表语和同位语，由一个句子一个句子来充当来充当,这个句子就这个句子就叫名词性从句。叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）做宾语的句子叫做宾语从句做宾语的句子叫做宾语从句，跟在，跟在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词以及以及形容人的感觉的形容词形容人的感觉的形容词后后句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句。宾语从句。语序：陈述语序语序：陈述语序The object clauses found in the text1.Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.2.I wonder,Mr.Adams,if you would mind us asking a few questions.3.May we ask what you are doing in this country and what your plans are?4.Well,I cant say that I have any plans.5.His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers dinner on the table.6.I didnt know whether I could survive until morning.7.I am afraid(that)I dont quite follow you,sir.8.Tell us,Mr.Adams,what sort of work did you do in American?9.If you dont mind,may I ask you how much money you have?10.If this is your idea of some kind of joke,I dont think(that)its very funny.11.Now if youll excuse me,I think(that)Ill be on my way.12.You mustnt think(that)we dont care about you.13.We know(that)you are hard-working.14.Why dont you explain what this is all about?Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词的关联词):从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.that1)当当宾宾语语从从句句由由连连词词that引引导导，由由于于that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因因此在口语或非正式文体中此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。常省略。vLinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.vIsee(that)itstwooclock.vDoyouthink(that)itsgenuine?2)宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不不能省略：能省略：（1）当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句）当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个时，此时第一个that 可以省略，可以省略，第二个或第二个第二个或第二个以后的以后的that不可以省略。不可以省略。（2）当）当that在从句作在从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做做形式宾语形式宾语 that 引导引导的宾语从句中的宾语从句中that 不能省。不能省。l I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will improve.l The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.l I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.that不能省略的情况不能省略的情况4)that从句位于句首时从句位于句首时That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.5)主句谓语动词与主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时从句之间有插入语时We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary.(试用）试用）3)在在主主句句为为系系动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟的跟的省略省略that的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句。宾语从句。vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.宾语从句中谓语用宾语从句中谓语用shoulddo的情况的情况:Thegeneralorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)allbuydictionaries.Iinsistedthathe(should)apologizetome.一坚持Insist 二命令order command 三建议advise propose suggest recommend四要求ask demand request require 当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由一一般般疑疑问问句句变变来来时时，由由连连词词whether或或if引引导导，“是是否否”，不不能能省省略。略。(1).Lilywantedtoknowhergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Letsseewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(3).Sheaskedmeshecouldborrowthesebooks.2.Whether/ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whether1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 但是：但是：a).当有当有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay.b).介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别:Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由疑疑问问词词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等等）引引导导，因因为为疑疑问问词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具具有有一定的意义，所以一定的意义，所以不可以省略。不可以省略。vDoyouknow-hesaidjustnow?vIdontremember-wearrived.vIaskedhim-Icouldgetsomuchmoney.vPleasetellme-wewillsee.vDoyouknowtimetheplaneleaves?whatwhenhow/when/why/wherewhomwhatwhen1.WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.注意注意1：it可以放在动词后作为可以放在动词后作为形式宾语形式宾语,真正真正的宾语的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾.*_(我们觉得很奇怪我们觉得很奇怪)shedidntgotoschooltoday.Wethinkitstrangethat注意注意2：在在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则将主句谓语动词主句谓语动词think,believe,suppose,expect等变为等变为否定形式。否定形式。IdontthinkyouarerightIthinkyouarenotright.注意注意3：在在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及等动词以及Imafraid等后，可用等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，或用代替一个肯定的宾语从句，或用not代替一个否定代替一个否定的宾语从句。的宾语从句。一一Doyoubelieveitwillrain?一一Ibelieveso.Idontbelieveso.(或或Ibelievenot.)（正确）（正确）二、时态二、时态1.1.如如果果主主句句是是现现在在的的时时态态 （包包括括一一般般现现在在时时 ，现现在在进进行行时时，现现在在完完成成时时），从从句句的的时时态态可可根根 据据实实际际情情况况而而定定，（包包括括一一般般现现在在时时，一一般般过过去去时时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。一般将来时，现在完成时等）。vIknowhe-here.(live)vIknowhe-heretenyearsago.(live)vIhaveheardthathe-tomorrow.(come)liveslivedwill come2.如如果果主主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），那那么么从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态态（包包括括一一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）I knew who-here.(live)He asked whether his father _ tomorrow.(come back)livedwould come back3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用用一般现在时一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth-The teacher said that the earth-around the sun.around the sun.（traveltravel）travelstravels1.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherA.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.2.Wedontknow_theydidit.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichA.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.3.TheThe teacherteacherasksasks usus _ JimJim cancan comecome backback onontime.time.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeA.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime 4.4.DoesDoesanybodyanybodyknowknow_wewewillwillhavehavea asportssportsmeetingthisweekendornot.meetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatA.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Couldyoushowme_?5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationA.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationB.whereisthestationC.howcouldIgettothestationC.howcouldIgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedA.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulivePredicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句半系动词半系动词词汇语态感官性感官性系动词系动词主观判断主观判断系动词系动词状态变化状态变化系动词系动词状态持续状态持续系动词系动词look,sound,smell,taste,feeletc.主动表被动主动表被动seem,appear,turnout,prove,happenetc.系动词主动表被系动词主动表被动动不定式可主动或不定式可主动或被动被动become,turn,grow,get,go,come,fall,etc.无被动无被动keep,remain,stay,lieetc.无被动无被动从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why.because表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。表语从句用。表语从句用陈述句陈述句的语序。的语序。表语从句表语从句1.that引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连接词连接词that仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成分，仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。通常不可省略。对主句主语的内容进一步解释。对主句主语的内容进一步解释。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Theproblemisthatwedonthavemoney.主语表示建议，命令，要求，计划主语表示建议，命令，要求，计划（suggestion、advice、order、request、proposal、plan）等的名词后，表语从句）等的名词后，表语从句要用虚拟语气：要用虚拟语气：(should)+v原形原形e.g:My suggestion is that we should go and help him.The question is who should come first.Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.2.what,which,who,whom,whose，where,when,why,how引导的表语从引导的表语从句。句。（主语）（主语）（地点状语）（地点状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（方式状语）（方式状语）3.whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 whether起连接作用，起连接作用，意为意为“是否、究竟、是否、究竟、到底到底”，在句中也不作任何成分。，在句中也不作任何成分。（注意：（注意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句)The question is whether the man will turn up in time.4.As if/though 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 当它与事实相反是，可用虚拟语气当它与事实相反是，可用虚拟语气 与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：一般过去时一般过去时与过去事实相反：过去完成时与过去事实相反：过去完成时与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反：would/might/could+v原形原形They treat the boy as if he were their own son.5.表示原因表示原因的几种表语从句：的几种表语从句：1)Thereasonisthatyouhaventwrittentomeforalongtime.2)ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.3)Iwaslate.ThatwasbecauseImissedthetrain.4)Imissedthetrain,thiswaswhyIwaslate.because+原因原因That/This/Itis/waswhy+结果结果定语从句定语从句注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It/This/That is/was because.+原因原因 It/This/That is/was why.+结果结果 3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/whythat .1.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of3.Go and get your coat.It s _you left itA.where B.there C.there where D.where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA.who can we get B.what we can getC.who we can get D.that we can get5.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填不填6.The reason is_I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what