大学英语四级写作讲解应用文.ppt
大学英语四级写作 Review漫画作文写法漫画作文写法第一段：描图，第一段：描图，第二段：对图画所反映的现象进行解释，第二段：对图画所反映的现象进行解释，第三段：个人就此发表看法或提出观点。第三段：个人就此发表看法或提出观点。第一段：描图：第一段：描图：对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）1.What a vivid cartoon it proves to be!2.The underlying meaning embodied in it can not be underrated,in that the cartoon reflects a not uncommon social issue,from which we can clearly observe that3.How impressive the cartoon is in describing the most widespread social phenomenon concerning the independence of the children.第一段：描图：第一段：描图：对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）对图画的内容进行具体的描述好句子）4.The authors real purpose is not the drawing itself,but to lead us to secure what hides behind the picture.第二段：第二段：阐述具体的现象或原因好句子）阐述具体的现象或原因好句子）1.It is a universally-held view that the above-mentioned cartoon deeply illustrates a social issue which is catching more and more attention from the general public currently.2.And then,What prove to be the reasons leading to it?Admittedly,3 reasons stated as follows can be taken be accountable for it.3.First and foremost,（阐释具体的现象或原因）（阐释具体的现象或原因）more importantly,（阐释具体的现象或原因），（阐释具体的现象或原因），last but not the least.第二段：第二段：阐述具体的现象或原因好句子）阐述具体的现象或原因好句子）4.What are the reasons for it?In the following sentences,Ill venture to explore the reasons.第三段：第三段：结论好句子结论好句子1.According to my personal perspective,some strong and effective measures should be implemented to put an end to this issue,（如（如果是不好的社会现象就用这句话），果是不好的社会现象就用这句话），2.（some effective measures should be implemented to be in support of it（如果是好的现象就用这句话）（如果是好的现象就用这句话）.3.On the one hand,organization concerned should do their best to make rigorous laws and regulations,4.on the other hand,the society as a whole should enhance their public awareness,only by taking these measures,can we have it resolved completely.重温模板 Para 1 How impressive the cartoon is in describing the most widespread social phenomenon concerning the independence of the children.Lets take a closer look at the drawing,the girl told her mother she was accepted by the university of her mothers choice with pride.The authors real purpose is not the drawing itself,but to lead us to secure what hides behind the picture.Para2The cartoon deeply illustrates a social issue which is catching more and more attention from the general public currently.What prove to be the reasons leading to it?3 reasons stated as follows can be taken be accountable for it.First and foremost,（阐释具体的现象或原因）（阐释具体的现象或原因）more importantly,（阐释具体的现象或原因），（阐释具体的现象或原因），last but not the least.Para3According to my personal perspective,1.some strong and effective measures should be implemented to put an end to this issue,（如果是不好的社会现象就用这句话），（如果是不好的社会现象就用这句话），2.（some effective measures should be implemented to be in support of it（如果是好的现象就用这句话）（如果是好的现象就用这句话）.On the one hand,organization concerned should do their best to make rigorous laws and regulations,on the other hand,the society as a whole should enhance their public awareness.Only by taking these measures,can we have it resolved completely.破题思路：第一段：描述漫画内容，引出文章主题：电脑的使用越来越广泛，使用的时间也越来越长。第二段：分析该现象的原因。第三段：提出措施解决。或得出自己的结论。This picture vividly describes that the person uses a computer in the whole day even when he falls asleep at night.What the cartoon conveys is the impact of computers on people.New products are being invented every minute of every day,all of which will hold sway over people in some respects.However,in all these technologies and products,computers have exerted the most important influence on people.Some people assert that computers have made life more complex and stressful,while some people believe that computers have made life easier and more convenient.Now many of my classmates like to surf the Internet in their free time.I think Internet can bring us both advantages and disadvantages.For example,if I have some trouble studying，I can surf the internet to find more helpful information.However,Internet can make some problems at the same time.In a word,in spite of the fact the computer appears to have made life more complex and stressful,I feel that the advantages are more obvious,which have become an integral part of everyday life.New lesson作文模板：图表类 写作步骤1.直观描述图表内容.2.具体分析图表，提出问题或现状.3.提出解决办法或自己的观点.basedon基于category种类，范畴chart图表graph图表table表格figure数字data数据statistics统计数据indicate表明reveal表明suggest表明imply暗指rank列为，排列rate比率respectively分别地amount数量，数额有代表性的词汇有代表性的词汇 表示上升趋势lncrease增加 grow增长rise上升 surge猛增soar猛增 rocket迅速增长go up上升 jump暴涨leap飞跃 shoot上涨climb to上升 mount增长ascend上升 on the rise上升spiral upwards螺旋上升 swell增大experience an explosive growth迅猛增长针对不同的图表有不同的描述方式，比如：泛指一份数据图表一般用a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table、饼图用pie chart、直方图或柱形图用bar chart/histogram、趋势曲线图用line chart/curve diagram、表格图用table、流程图或过程图用flow chart/sequence diagram、程序图用processing/procedures diagram。1.直观描述图表内容直观描述图表内容.而常用的描述图表内容的句式类型很多，考生可以重点记忆一些常用的但是又不失新颖的句式，例如：As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，table/chart/diagram/graph figures(that)It is apparent from the figures/statistics、According to the table/chart diagram/graph等等。描述完图表的内容以后，和其他类作文一样，考生需要从图表中总结出图表想要传达的信息，存在的问题、现状、观点等等，在描述这些内容时通常会用到一些对比分析的词汇和句式，例如：数据在某一个时间段固定不变用fixed in time、在一系列的时间段中转变用changes over time、波动用fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave、稳定用remain stable/stabilize/level off，最常用的两种表达形式是动词+副词形式或者形容词+名词形式。形容数据变化的重要词汇大家也可以记住一些典型的，比如：dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的，sharp/sharply锐利的、明显的、急剧的，steady/steadily稳固的、坚定不移的，slight/slightly轻微的、略微地，rapid/rapidly迅速的、飞快的、险峻的。2.具体分析图表，提出问题或现状具体分析图表，提出问题或现状.考生最主要需要掌握的就是分析图表时需要用的一些特定句型，例如：the table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto、the graph provides some interesting data regarding、this is a cure graph which describes the trend of、over the period fromtotheremained level等等，这些句式大家在写作时完全可以直接套用，既能吸引人眼球又能省时省力。提出解决办法或自己的观点在作文的结尾段，考生需要对文章内容有个总结，并由此得出自己的观点或者解决这个问题与现状的方法，这个时候考生平时练习的提纲型作文模板的尾段也可以放到这里用，当然这一部分在描述得时候也有自己常用的词汇与句式模板，例如：thedata/statistics/figuresleadustotheconclusionthat等。表示下降趋势decrease降低，减少 fall下降drop下降 decline下降go down下降 slide下滑reach the bottom of 降到底部 on the decline 处于减少趋势slump暴跌 take a nose dive迅速下降wane变小，衰落 reduction减少表示平稳趋势consistent一致的steady稳定的stable稳定的hardlychange几乎不变leveloff变平，稳定remainconstant保持稳定staythesame保持一致maintain保持表示波动趋势swing摇摆，摆动fluctuate波动，涨落fluctuation波动，起伏表示程度 dramatic剧烈的 drastic急剧的slight轻微的，微小的 somewhat稍微，些许suddenly突然地 substantial重要的considerably相当地 sharply锐利地，急剧地steep急剧升降的 rapid迅速的，飞快的作文模板：图表类As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart),_作文题目的议题_ has been on rise/decrease(goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _.From the sharp/marked decline/rise in the chart,it goes without saying that _.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasons accounting for _.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_ isduetothefactthat _.Inaddition,_ isresponsiblefor _.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow _.Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonly convincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,I hold the point of view that _.Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.What is shown in the chart/graph/diagram/table above indicates that in recent years,more and more people pay attention to _.The number of those who _ has increased _,and furthermore,_.There are two factors responsible for the changes.In the first place,_.Moreover,_.Yet,it is noticeable that _.From the analysis,we can safely draw the conclusion that_.It is possible that in the future,the tendency will_.作文模板：图表类作文模板：图表类Accordingtothebarchart/piechart/linegraphdisplaysthechangesinthenumberof_(图表整体趋势).Therewasanincreasein_(图表细节).Atthepointof_,_reachesitspeakvalueof_(数据或变化).Whathascausedthesechanges?Therearemainlythreereasons.Firstly,_(原因一).Secondly,_(原因二).Thenumberof_increasedovertheperiod._roseby_from_to_.Andtherewere_.Finally,_(最后一个原因).Inconclusion/Wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat_(结论).Therefore,_(进一步谈论更多个人想法).作文模板：图表类作文模板：图表类Para 1The past years have witnessed a mounting number of Chinese scholars returning from overseas.As is lively illustrated by the column chart,the number of returnees climbed from a mere 69.3 thousand in 2008 to over 272.9 thousand in 2012,at an annual increase rate of around 50%.Para 2A multitude of factors may have led to the tendency revealed by the chart,but the following are the critical ones from my perspective.First and foremost,along with the development of Chinese economy and society,the number of Chinese studying abroad has been soaring in the past years,which has provided an expanding base for the number of returnees.In the second place,the government has enacted a series of preferential policies to attract overseas Chinese scholars back home.Last but not least,the booming economy,science and technology in this country have generated more attative job opportunites for scholars returning from overseas.Para 3The waves of returnees will definitely contribute to this nations development,since they have brought back not only advanced science and technology but also pioneering concepts of education and management.With more scholars coming back from overseas,and with the concerted efforts of the whole nation,we have reasons to expect a faster rejuvenation of this country.new lesson应用文应用文中的信函，也是四级作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会读到一个特定的场景，试题要求考生按照这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。建议信投诉信拒绝信祝贺信道歉信申请信求职信邀请信感谢信慰问信倡议书活动海报实例1-2002年1月真题Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.You should write at least 100 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。January 12th,2002Dear Mr.President,I am a student here.I write you this letter to say a few words about the dining halls in this university.First,the food in the dining halls is not delicious enough,either too salty or too watery,especially in Dining Hall 3.Second,the prices in dining hall are very high and usually we cannot afford it.Third,the dining halls are always very crowed and we can seldom find seats if arriving there not early enough and the tables are not cleaned in time.Anyway,what is good is that the working staff in the dining halls are quite kind,friendly and patient,and they usually try their best to meet the demand of the students and teachers.Thus I suggest enlarging the dining halls and improving the quality of foods and reducing the prices to what is acceptable to all the students.Best wishes.Yours sincerely,Li Ming实例2-2003年12月真题Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:建议报考的专业及理由报考该专业的基本条件应当如何备考 A Letter of Reply to a Friend December 27,2003Dear When it comes to which major you should choose,I propose that you apply for the major of English.To begin with,English is the most popular language in the world,which is widely used in all fields such as teaching,translation,foreign trade and so on.Whats more,it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.In order to study at English Department,you have to meet the following requirements.In the first place,you have to spend a lot of time on it,just as the old saying goes,Practice makes perfect.In the second place,the basic skills of reading,writing,listening and speaking are necessary,because they are the foundations for your future study.Last but not the least important,you need an intense interest in learning English since interest is the best teacher.As far as the preparation work is concerned,you should first of all review all the required vocabulary.In addition,youd better spend some time on reading and writing.Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.Yours实例3-2001年6月真题Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang,a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday.You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.表示欢迎提出过度假安排的建议提醒应注意的事项A Letter to a SchoolmateJune 23,2001Dear Xiao Wang,Im very happy that you will come to Beijing and spend holidays with me.It is a long time that we havent seen each other and I miss you very much.I have always been looking forward to your arrival.Since you will stay in Beijing for a week,I suggest you visit some places of interests,such as the Great Wall,the Palace Museum,the Summer Palace,the TianAn Men Square,Mount Fregrance and etc.If time permits,I can show you around some famous universities like Peking University,Tsinghua University and so on,which are worth your visit.As the weather here is changeable,I propose you to wear more clothes in case that it is getting colder.Come here as soon as possible and I cant wait to meet you.Wish you a safe and pleasant trip here.Yours,实例4-2003年6月真题Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：车祸发生的时间及地点你所见到的车祸情况你对车祸原因的分析 An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident Last Friday morning I was standing at the bus stop waiting for Bus No.375.Because several lines pass by the station and it was rush hour,many people had gathered there before next bus came,some off the pavement,others on the lawn.A bus pulled into the station at last.Before I recognized the number of the packed bus,people already thronged forward and fought their way to the door.Suddenly I heard somebody shout Help!Help!It was from the crowd.All the passengers looked toward the point where the sound came from.A pregnant woman was lying on the road nearby the bus door,bleeding all over.I was frightened and dazed.An ambulance came and took the woman to hospital.Buses came and went,but I just stood there,lost in thought.Pobably because time and tide wait for no man,people in modern society are always in a hurry,lest they should be left behind and even dismissed.There can never be peace of mind.Thus rises the number of traffic accident.If there were less pressure on people,there might be fewer accidents.2005年1月真题Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作，2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？实例5-Good morning.My fellow friends,I feel very glad and excited to have the honor of being a candidate for the president of the students union.I am a junior and come from the Foreign Language department.I think I can be qualified to work for the union as the president for the following reasons.I joined the de
