高考主谓一致详解.ppt
0606年高考语法复习系列二年高考语法复习系列二主谓一致1 1、用、用and连接两个并列成分；连接两个并列成分；2 2、介词、介词with 伴随伴随主语；主语；3 3、就近原则；、就近原则；4 4、各种代词的主谓一致、各种代词的主谓一致;5 5、短语和从句作主语；、短语和从句作主语；6 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。、定语从句中的主谓一致。高考考点分析问题问题问题问题1 1：When and where to build the new factory _ yet.（1991 NMET）A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 这个句子看上去是这个句子看上去是and连接的两个并列短语充当主连接的两个并列短语充当主语，本应用复数形式的谓语，但这两个短语表达语，本应用复数形式的谓语，但这两个短语表达的是同一事件的两个方面，可以看成是一个整体，的是同一事件的两个方面，可以看成是一个整体，因此使用单数的谓语动词；而从句意可判断此句因此使用单数的谓语动词；而从句意可判断此句谓语动词需使用被动语态，谓语动词需使用被动语态，归纳一：归纳一：1两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连连接，谓语用复数接，谓语用复数Tom and Dick are good friends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。A singer and dancer was present at the party.The worker and writer is talking to the students。Bread and butter tastes good.类似的表达式有：类似的表达式有：(a needle and thread,a horse and cart,a watch and chain,a coat and tie,truth and honesty,medical help and cure)2用用 and 连接的两个名词若被连接的两个名词若被 no,each,every,many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。修饰，则谓语动词用单数。No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island.Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment.At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.3.如果如果 and 后面加后面加 no 或或 not,谓语也用单数形式，谓语也用单数形式，My friend,and not hers,is chosen to join the army.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.问题问题问题问题2 2：A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.（1990NMET）A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered主语后有主语后有as well as,like,with,together with,but,except,besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致A professor,together with some students,was sent to help in the work.No one but the teachers is allowed to use the room.问题问题问题问题3 3：Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(1989)A.is B.are C.am D.be 以连词以连词or,eitheror,neither nor,there be,not onlybut also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相相邻邻的那个名词的数保持的那个名词的数保持一致一致。e.g.You or I am to be invited.问题问题问题问题4 4：Nobody but Jane _the secret.(1986)A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known either,neither,each,every 或或no+单数名词和单数名词和由由some,any,no,every 构成的复合不定代词都作构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待。单数看待。Each of us has a new pen.Everything around us is matter.问题问题问题问题5 5：The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(1996 NMET)A.were,was B.was,was C.was,were D.were;were.a number of 表示表示“很多很多”的意思，修饰可的意思，修饰可数名词的复数。数名词的复数。the number of表示表示“数量，号码数量，号码”作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。问题问题问题问题6 6：_ of the southern hemisphere(南半球南半球)_ with water.A.Four-five;is covered B.Four-fifths;is covered C.Four-fifth,are covered D.Four-fifths,are covered.由由“a lot of,(lots of,plenty of,the rest of)+名词名词”构成的短语以及由构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数名词分数或百分数名词”构构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。中后面名词的数而定。Three-fourths of the surface is sea.问题问题问题问题7 7：All but one _ here just now.(1997 NMET)A.is B.was C.have been D.were what,who,which,any,more,most,all 等代词等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要依意思而定。可以是单数，也可是复数，主要依意思而定。A)Which is your pen?哪是你的笔？哪是你的笔？Which are your pens?哪些是你们的笔？哪些是你们的笔？B)All can be done has been done.All have gone to the park.问题问题问题问题8 8：He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(02上海春上海春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has been who,which,that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。词。Those who want to go should sign your names here.He is one of the students who have passed the exam.He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.问题问题问题问题9 9：Mathematics _ the language of science.(1978)A.is B.are going to be C.are 以以-ics结尾的学科名词，如结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics,politics,physics 以及以及news,等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称时，谓语动词用单数。名称时，谓语动词用单数。His“Selected Poems”_ first published in 1965.(78)A.were B.was C.has been 问题问题问题问题1010 His family _ all football fans.A.is B.has been C.are being D.are一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语一些集体名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数但但people,police,cattle等只能用复数等只能用复数My family is a big family.My family are listening to the radio.The police are trying to catch the thief.问题问题问题问题1111 The rich _ not always happy.A.is B.has C.have D.are 形容词加定冠词形容词加定冠词 the 表示一类人时，谓语动表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。词用复数。What a life the poor were living!The young are happy to give their seats to the old.问题问题问题问题12121.Growing vegetables _ constant watering.A.need B.are needed C.is needed D.needs2.What I say and think _ no business of yours.A.is B.are C.were D.both A and B 当当动名词短语、不定式短语动名词短语、不定式短语和和从句从句作主语时，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如果用谓语动词用单数。如果用 and 连接两个从句或短连接两个从句或短语作主语，则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两语作主语，则需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两件事。题（件事。题（2）中的）中的“What I say and think”既既可理解为同一件事也可理解为不同的两个动作。可理解为同一件事也可理解为不同的两个动作。（注意：从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。）（注意：从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。）
