(精品)定语从句（2）.ppt
一、一、关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数种具有数种作用作用：在从句中代替先行词；在从句中代替先行词；在句中在句中作状语作状语；连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.(on/in/atwhich)when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/inwhich)why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。thereasonwhy关系副词关系副词where、when、why二、关系副词的用法二、关系副词的用法关系副词关系副词指代指代所所作成分作成分是否可省是否可省略略WhenWherewhy时间时间状语状语否否地点地点状语状语否否原因原因状语状语否否Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上上which，在从句中作在从句中作状语状语When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+which三、由关系副词三、由关系副词(where when why)引导引导的定语从句。的定语从句。Z1.Where 先行词是地点的名词，在定语从句先行词是地点的名词，在定语从句中充当状语中充当状语(=介介+which)This is the factory.We worked in the factory 3 years ago.This is the factorywhich/that we worked in.in which we worked.where we worked.Z2.when 先行词是表时间的名词，在定语先行词是表时间的名词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。从句中充当时间状语。(介介+which)I will remember the days.I stayed there in the days.I will remember the dayswhen I stayed there.in which I stayed there.which I stayed there in.Z3.why 先行词是表原因的名词，作原因状先行词是表原因的名词，作原因状语。语。(=for+which)This is the reason.I cant finish it for this reason.This is the reasonfor which I cant finish it.why I cant finish it.Practice1.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthatthereason_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where2.Im going to visit the school _ my mothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC非非限定性限定性 定语从句定语从句非限定性定语非限定性定语从句从句“六要点六要点”一、非限定性定语从句与限定性定语一、非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别从句的区别限定性定语从句限定性定语从句,顾名思义顾名思义,是对先行是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句句,它所修饰的词代表一个它所修饰的词代表一个(些些)或一类特定或一类特定的人或事、物。的人或事、物。e.g.A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。A man被限定后,指一类特定的人.这类定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义不能成立,或者含义不清,甚至让人感到莫名其妙。非限定性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响句子的整个含义。在形式上,非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。e.g.Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam,which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略翻译翻译 限制性限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的二、引导非限定性定语从句时二、引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用只能用which(which(不用不用that)that)。e.g.Heat is another form of energy,which is as important as other kinds of energy.热是另一种形式的能量,与其他形式的能量一样重要。从句表补充说明从句表补充说明,而且关系代词而且关系代词whichwhich不不能换成能换成thatthat。三、引导非限定性定语从句的三、引导非限定性定语从句的whichwhich可可以指代前面的先行词以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整也可以指前面整个句子的含义。个句子的含义。e.g.That Peter will marry Alice,which has not been announced yet,has spread around.彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已传得沸沸扬扬。句子句子中的中的whichwhich指指 彼特要娶爱丽斯彼特要娶爱丽斯 这整个句这整个句子的意思。子的意思。四、除四、除whichwhich外外,还可用还可用when,where,when,where,whowho等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。从句。e.g.After graduation,I decided to stay in Chongqing,where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。6 The painter lived more than a 6 The painter lived more than a decade in Europe,_ he decade in Europe,_ he could be in close contact with could be in close contact with other cubists(other cubists(立体派艺术家立体派艺术家).).A.where A.where B.in which B.in which C.that C.that D.in that D.in that 题型回顾题型回顾题型回顾题型回顾Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II,when Jews were badly treated in Germany.第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。五、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时五、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引引导词可以省略导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能句的关联词不能省。省。试比较:1.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom he loved and respected as his own mother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。2.The American journalist(whom/who)the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。两两例例中中的的关关系系代代词词都都在在从从句句中中作作宾宾语语。由由于于第第二二例例是是限限定定性性定定语语从从句句，可可以以省省略略关关系系代代词词；第第一一例例中中的的引引导导词词不不能能省省略略，因因为为它它引引导的是非限定性定语从句。导的是非限定性定语从句。
