辩论基础1.ppt

Debating Debating trainingtrainingParliamentary Debate 1.rules for debating competition2.what makes a constructive speech in debating3.two skills to make speech convincing4.case studyRules Debaters(or members)will speak in the following order:i)Prime Minister.(7 minutes)ii)Leader of Opposition.(8 minutes)iii)Member of the Government.(8 minutes)iv)Member of the Opposition.(8 minutes)v)Leader of Opposition Rebuttal(4 minutes)vi)Prime Minister Rebuttal(5 minutes)RulesPoint of Information（POI）POIs are comments made by members directed at the speech of the member holding the floor;POI should be brief,pertinent and preferably witty.Points of order and points of personal privilege are prohibited.Two skills of debate1.conviction 说理2.persuasion 说情Case study:Motion:University entrance slots should be allocated proportionally based on population.Structure1.definition:定义2.status quo：现状3.criteria:标准4.policy：政策5.benefits：利益，好处Proposition 11.definition:a.universities:public universities b.based on population:mainly proportionally based on populationProposition 12.status quo:A.populous provinces receive disproportional entrance slots B.local students:over-proportional entrance slots three harms：a.students in populous provinces are less likely to be admitted in better universities b.equality to higher education c.harm to development in long run Proposition 13.Criteria:a.To promote equality b.Equality between different universitiesProposition 14.Policy:a.university:reserve slots for ethnic minorities and students from underdeveloped areas.b.remaining slots/1.3 billion *population of each provinces=distributed slotsProposition 15.benefits:a.relieve the burden of students from populous provinces (case study)b.promote equality c.balance Opposition 1 1.definition:a.challenge “mainly”2.focus:students population rather than general population 3.pressure:all students have to face the pressure,not just sts in populous areas.4.equality:more money can solve the problems 5.plan:criteria to judge developed and underdeveloped area.Opposition 1 6.counter plan:a.judged by score,more fair b.give same exam paper 7.benefits:a.eliminate discrimination b.avoid corruption 8.case study:migrant studentsProposition 21.Rebuttal:a.population:overconcerned/general population reflects students population.b.pressure:important/equal c.money:admission is more essential d.underdevel/devel reserve slotsProposition parison of policies:a.its hard to change the status Quo.b.Eliminate boundaries:equal rights so as to reduce discrimination.c.solve problems of corruption d.migrants:our plan show that we can decrease the migrant students.3.Restate policiesopposition 21.criteria:fairness2.population:case study(Shandong,shanxi)3.few chance,more pressure4.same paperhow to judge5.status Quo:not reason for not changing.6.Policy:same paper,no extra point policyOpposition 34 clashes:a.population:b.pressure:equal,compete together c.corruption:our plan can solve better d.policy:how to judge underdeveloped/developed our plan will be More fairproposition 35 clashes:a.criteria:developed or underdeveloped =status quo b.counter plan increases migrant students c.pressure:counter plan,local student fight against students across the whole country.d.more feasible e.fairness:possibility(Tibetan and Shandong)Referenceswww.DHomework:China should ban smokingProposition:China should ban smoking in public places.Opposition:China should not ban smoking in public places