人教版高三英语二轮复习 阅读理解科普类课件.ppt

科普知识类科普知识类专题专题 八八 科普知识类科普知识类2021/8/9 星期一1专题导读专题专题 八八 专题导读专题导读 科科普普类类文文章章是是高高考考阅阅读读理理解解中中的的难难点点题题材材，其其取取材材密密切切联联系系当当前前经经济济和和科科技技等等方方面面的的变变化化，以以介介绍绍某某一一科科学学现现象象居居多多。科科普普类类文文章章具具有有结结构构严严谨谨，逻逻辑辑性性强强等等特特点点。其其主主要要命命题题形形式式有有事事实实细细节节题题、词词义义猜猜测测题题、推推理理判判断断题题以以及及主主旨旨概概括括题题等等，其其中中推推理理判判断断题题居居多多。这这类类文文章章的的总总体体特特点点是是：科科技技词词汇汇多多，句句子子结结构构复复杂杂，理理论论性性强强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：2021/8/9 星期一2专题专题 八八 专题导读专题导读 1 1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。义的现象也不多见。2 2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。语法现象于一体的长句。3 3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。2021/8/9 星期一3专题专题 八八 专题导读专题导读 1 1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。义的现象也不多见。2 2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。语法现象于一体的长句。3 3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。2021/8/9 星期一4真题再现专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 20102010山东山东 Batteries can power anything from small Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerfulpowerful，problems can arise when these problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.University of devices themselves.University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smallerenergy source that is smaller，lighter and more lighter and more efficient.efficient.2021/8/9 星期一5专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 “To provide enough power “To provide enough power，we need certain we need certain methods with high energy density(methods with high energy density(密度密度)，”said Jae said Jae KwonKwon，assistant professor of electrical and computer assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.“The radioisotope(engineering at MU.“The radioisotope(放射性同位素放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear batterybuilding a small nuclear battery，presently the size presently the size and thickness of a pennyand thickness of a penny，intended to power various intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS)micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS)Although nuclear batteries can cause concernsAlthough nuclear batteries can cause concerns，Kwon Kwon said they are safe.said they are safe.2021/8/9 星期一6专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 “People hear the word nuclearand think “People hear the word nuclearand think of something very dangerousof something very dangerous，”he he said.“Howeversaid.“However，nuclear power sources have nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of already been safely powering a variety of devicesdevices，such as pacemakerssuch as pacemakers，space satellites space satellites and underwater systems.”and underwater systems.”His new idea is not only in the batterys His new idea is not only in the batterys sizesize，but also in its semiconductor(but also in its semiconductor(半导体半导体)Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.rather than a solid semiconductor.2021/8/9 星期一7专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 “The key part of using a radioactive battery “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energyis that when you harvest the energy，part of the part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(structure(晶格结构晶格结构)of the solid semiconductor)of the solid semiconductor，”Kwon said.“By using a liquid semiconductorKwon said.“By using a liquid semiconductor，we we believe we can minimize that problem.”believe we can minimize that problem.”2021/8/9 星期一8专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 Together with J.David Robertson Together with J.David Robertson，chemistry chemistry professor and associate director of the MU professor and associate director of the MU Research ReactorResearch Reactor，Kwon is working to build and Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the futuretest the battery.In the future，they hope to they hope to increase the batterys powerincrease the batterys power，shrink its size and shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that try with various other materials.Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.human hair.2021/8/9 星期一9专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现()1.Which of the following is true of)1.Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?Jae Kwon?A.He teaches chemistry at MU.A.He teaches chemistry at MU.B.He developed a chemical battery.B.He developed a chemical battery.C.He is working on a nuclear energy C.He is working on a nuclear energy source.source.D.He made a breakthrough in computer D.He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.engineering.2021/8/9 星期一10专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现()2.Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_.)2.Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_.A.to show chemical batteries are widely A.to show chemical batteries are widely applied applied B.to indicate nuclear batteries can be B.to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used safely used C.to describe a nuclearpowered system C.to describe a nuclearpowered system D.to introduce various energy sources D.to introduce various energy sources2021/8/9 星期一11专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现()3.Liquid semiconductor is used)3.Liquid semiconductor is used to_.to_.A.get rid of the radioactive waste A.get rid of the radioactive waste B.test the power of nuclear batteries B.test the power of nuclear batteries C.decrease the size of nuclear batteries C.decrease the size of nuclear batteries D.reduce the damage to lattice structure D.reduce the damage to lattice structure2021/8/9 星期一12专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现()4.According to Jae Kwon)4.According to Jae Kwon，his nuclear his nuclear battery _.battery _.A.uses a solid semiconductor A.uses a solid semiconductor B.will soon replace the present ones B.will soon replace the present ones C.could be extremely thin C.could be extremely thin D.has passed the final test D.has passed the final test()5.The text is most probably a _.)5.The text is most probably a _.A.science news report A.science news report B.book review B.book review C.newspaper ad C.newspaper ad D.science fiction story D.science fiction story2021/8/9 星期一13专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 【文章大意文章大意】本文属于科普类文章。主要介绍一种体本文属于科普类文章。主要介绍一种体积更小、能量更大、优点更多的新能源电池的开发。积更小、能量更大、优点更多的新能源电池的开发。1.C1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Jae Kwon,Jae Kwon,assistant professor of electrical and computer assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.engineering at MU.排除排除A A项；参照第二段项；参照第二段The The radioisotope(radioisotope(放射性同位素放射性同位素)battery can provide power)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”batteries.”排除排除B B项；文章无项；文章无D D项内容。参照第三段内容项内容。参照第三段内容可推测可推测C C项正确。项正确。2021/8/9 星期一14专题专题 八八 真题再现真题再现 2.B2.B推理判断题。根据本段关键词推理判断题。根据本段关键词“dangerous,dangerous,safely”safely”可知选可知选B B。3.D3.D句意理解题。参照第六段句意理解题。参照第六段“The key The key partdamageBy using a liquid semiconductor,we partdamageBy using a liquid semiconductor,we believe we can minimize that problem.”believe we can minimize that problem.”4.C 4.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Kwon said Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.”of human hair.”可以判断可以判断 C C项正确。项正确。5.A5.A文章类型题。本文属于科普类，故很有可能是文章类型题。本文属于科普类，故很有可能是science news reportscience news report。2021/8/9 星期一15专题预测专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 (一一)From the first use of the rocket to carry From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space,to the setting up of space satellites into space,to the setting up of space stations,human beings have been putting great stations,human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far,we have effort into space research.And so far,we have achieved many successes.But there are still achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress.cease trying to progress.2021/8/9 星期一16专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 The international space station is an important The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for observations of the earth and the universe.base for observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word,if we want to to the moon and Mars.In a word,if we want to explore space more,the first thing we should do is explore space more,the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.to set up a space station.2021/8/9 星期一17专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 As the space station costs a lot of money,it is As the space station costs a lot of money,it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone,and it has tried to do build a space station alone,and it has tried to do so,but not very successful.So it so,but not very successful.So it aggregatedaggregated many many other countries to work on it together.Though it is other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive,it is much cheaper than still extremely expensive,it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyones effort and will benefit everyone.everyones effort and will benefit everyone.2021/8/9 星期一18专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 But even so,the funds needed are still a big But even so,the funds needed are still a big problem.As for the USA,it seems that it has too problem.As for the USA,it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on.Although it is many things to spend its money on.Although it is the richest country in the world,it has much debt the richest country in the world,it has much debt every year.It has to make arrangements about its every year.It has to make arrangements about its finance,and try to find a balance in all these finance,and try to find a balance in all these issues.issues.2021/8/9 星期一19专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测()1.What is the authors attitude towards)1.What is the authors attitude towards building and developing the building and developing the international space station?international space station?A ASupportive.Supportive.B BDoubtful.Doubtful.C CCritical.DCritical.DDissatisfied.Dissatisfied.2021/8/9 星期一20专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测()2.From Paragraph 2 we can conclude that)2.From Paragraph 2 we can conclude that _._.A Athe necessity of building thethe necessity of building the international space station is not international space station is not realized now realized now B Bmany experiments have been done inmany experiments have been done in the international space station the international space station C Cthe international space station is the international space station is necessary for people to explore space necessary for people to explore space more more D Dpeople have traveled to Mars from the people have traveled to Mars from the international space station international space station2021/8/9 星期一21专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测()3.Which of the followings is NOT a reason)3.Which of the followings is NOT a reason for countries cooperation in building for countries cooperation in building the international space station?the international space station?A AThat it requires a lot of money.That it requires a lot of money.B BThat it needs everyones effort.That it needs everyones effort.C CThat it will benefit every That it will benefit every participation country.participation country.D DThat it is too far away from the That it is too far away from the earth.earth.2021/8/9 星期一22专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测()4.The underlined word“aggregated”in)4.The underlined word“aggregated”in paragraph 3 can be replaced by paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”“_”A Aunited Bunited Bscolded scolded C Callowed Dallowed Dforbadeforbade()5.Which of the following aspects about)5.Which of the following aspects about building the international space station is building the international space station is NOT mentioned in the passage?NOT mentioned in the passage?A ADifficulties.Difficulties.B BAchievements.Achievements.C CSignificance.Significance.D DSpecific arrangements.Specific arrangements.2021/8/9 星期一23专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 【文章大意文章大意】本文谈论建立国际空间站的问题。本文谈论建立国际空间站的问题。国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。由国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。由于耗资巨大，即使财大气粗的美国有能力建造但效果欠于耗资巨大，即使财大气粗的美国有能力建造但效果欠佳，于是寻求与他国合作。现在人们正在探索解决问题佳，于是寻求与他国合作。现在人们正在探索解决问题的新途径。的新途径。1 1A A推理判断题。根据第一段推理判断题。根据第一段“we should we should not cease trying to progress”not cease trying to progress”和文中作者说话的语和文中作者说话的语气可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。气可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。2021/8/9 星期一24专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 2 2C C推理判断题。根据第二段推理判断题。根据第二段“In a word,if In a word,if we want to explore space more,the first thing we want to explore space more,the first thing we should do is to set up a space station”we should do is to set up a space station”可知，可知，国际空间站是进行太空探索所必须的。国际空间站是进行太空探索所必须的。3 3D D细节理解题。根据第三段细节理解题。根据第三段“As the space As the space station costs a lot of money”station costs a lot of money”和和“It is really It is really a job that needs everyones effort and will a job that needs everyones effort and will benefit everyone”benefit everyone”可知，可知，A A、B B、C C三项均提到了，而三项均提到了，而文章没有提到文章没有提到D D。2021/8/9 星期一25专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 4 4A A词义猜测题。由该词所在的语境可知，发展词义猜测题。由该词所在的语境可知，发展国际空间站耗资巨大，因此美国联合其他一些国家共同国际空间站耗资巨大，因此美国联合其他一些国家共同来建设该工程，也就是该词的意思相当于来建设该工程，也就是该词的意思相当于unitedunited。5 5D D细节理解题。第三段提到了建设国际空间站细节理解题。第三段提到了建设国际空间站面临的困难，第一段提到了已经取得的成就，第二段提面临的困难，第一段提到了已经取得的成就，第二段提到了其重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答到了其重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答案为案为D D。2021/8/9 星期一26专题专题 八八 专题预测专题预测 (二二)Scientists are increasingly warning that Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periodseven if you also sitting for long periodseven if you also exercise regularlycould be bad for your health.exercise regularlycould be bad for your heal