江苏省南京市东山外国语国际学校高中英语 模块7 Unit11 Passive Voice & Metonymy课件 牛津.ppt

Passive voice and 初级英语与语法与修辞初级英语与语法与修辞English Grammar and Rhetoric2021/8/8 星期日1ContentsBack to schoolLead-inHomeworkLooking AheadApproaching the TopicDiscovering GrammarApplying GrammarFurther DevelopmentMetonymy2021/8/8 星期日2Lead-in-Look!That is the person who has been named the first violin in the orchestra.Which part of the conversation contains the use of passive voice and metonymy?2021/8/8 星期日3 Looking aheadLearn to use the receiver of an action as the subject.Know how to change active voice into passive voice.Learn to use the name of one thing to replace anther.2021/8/8 星期日4Approaching the Topic1 Map descriptionproduce grapesraise sheepgrow wheatgrow bananasgrow ricein the northin the southin the northwestin the middlein the northeast2021/8/8 星期日5Approaching the TopicSentence makingThe/A sheep is raised in the north.Wheat is grown in northeast.Bananas are grown in the south.Rice is grown in the middle China.2021/8/8 星期日6Approaching the Topic2 Read the passage and underline the sentences in passive voiceis givenare presentedare nominatedis chosen tois not openedare not knownwere presentedwas attended byare only sent toare no longer sold tois being builtare presented inis seen by2021/8/8 星期日7 Discovering GrammarSimple present The Oscars are given out every year to recognize the vest work of movie actors,directors,and others who are part of the movie-making industry.Present continuous An even bigger auditorium is being built.2021/8/8 星期日8 Discovering GrammarSimple past When the awards ceremony started in 1927,15 awards were presented and the ceremony was attended by only 250 people.2021/8/8 星期日9 Discovering GrammarPresent perfect Since 1952,Oscar night has been televised and broadcast in the U.S.as well as in hundreds of other countries.2021/8/8 星期日10 Discovering GrammarSimple future Several weeks before the ceremony,movie reviewers make predications about which movies and actors will be awarded,.2021/8/8 星期日11 Discovering GrammarTensesFormsTensesFormssimple presentpresent continuoussimple pastpast continuouspresent perfectis/are+doneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+donewas/were+being+donepast perfecthave/has+been+donesimple futurepast futuremodalhad+been+donewill/shall be+donewould be+donemodal verb+be+done2021/8/8 星期日12什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态The active voice&The passive voiceDiscovering Grammar2021/8/8 星期日13在主动语态句子变成被动语态句子时，哪三个部分在主动语态句子变成被动语态句子时，哪三个部分要变？要变？怎么变？怎么变？1.1.把原句的宾语改为主语。把原句的宾语改为主语。2.2.把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构(be+p.p.)。3.3.把原句的主语改为把原句的主语改为byby的宾语（的宾语（用宾格用宾格）,可省略可省略。Discovering Grammar2021/8/8 星期日14e.g.She made the cake.The cake was made (by her).Discovering Grammar2021/8/8 星期日15一般来说，及物动词可以用作被动结构；一般来说，及物动词可以用作被动结构；不及物动词和介词结合可构成动词短语，不及物动词和介词结合可构成动词短语，也可以用于被动语态。也可以用于被动语态。Discovering Grammar2021/8/8 星期日16You should do your homework at once.A Your homework should do at once.1 Active and passiveDiscovering GrammarB Your homework should be done at once.IC2021/8/8 星期日17He made her cry.A She was made to cry by him.1 Active and passiveDiscovering GrammarB She was made cry by him.IC2021/8/8 星期日18B I was given a bar of chocolate by my father.My father gave me a bar of chocolate.A A bar of chocolate was given to me by my father.1 Active and passiveDiscovering GrammarCC2021/8/8 星期日19 the boy _the fish.the man _ the fish.Exercise Who eats who?Discovering Grammareatsis eaten by2021/8/8 星期日20Tip:When the logical subject of the infinitive is the receiver of an action,the infinitive should be in passive.2 Passive infinitivesDiscovering GrammarForm:to+be+done2021/8/8 星期日21A 当不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语时，当不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语时，逻辑主语不需要表示出来。逻辑主语不需要表示出来。2 Passive infinitivesDiscovering Grammar I am proud to be praised.B 当不定式的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，当不定式的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，逻辑主语必须表示出来。逻辑主语必须表示出来。It is impossible for lost time to be made up.2021/8/8 星期日22A:The speaker is invited.2 Passive infinitivesDiscovering Grammare.g.1 Its an honor to invite you here.2 Its an honor to be invited you here.B:The listener is invited.AB2021/8/8 星期日232 Passive infinitivesDiscovering Grammare.g.1 To wash hands before a dinner seemed to them a rule never to be broken.C 2 To wash hands before a dinner seemed to them a rule never to break.2021/8/8 星期日24Tip 1:When the logical subject of the ing participle is the receiver of an action,the ing participle should occur in passive voice.2 Passive ing participlesDiscovering GrammarForm:being+done2021/8/8 星期日25Tip 2:The logical subject of the ing participle need not be expressed if it is the subject of the main clause.Otherwise,it must be expressed.2 Passive ing participlesDiscovering GrammarWho were praised?2021/8/8 星期日26The workers were proud of their products being highly praised by the buying public.2 Passive infinitivesDiscovering Grammar A:The worker.B:The worker products.2021/8/8 星期日27A 当当-ing 分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用时，就要用-ing 分词的被动形式。分词的被动形式。2 Passive infinitivesDiscovering Grammar The problem being discussed is very important.B 如果如果-ing分词的逻辑主语同时也是主句的主分词的逻辑主语同时也是主句的主语时，就不用表示出来，反之，要表示出来。语时，就不用表示出来，反之，要表示出来。What upset the child was his not being allowed to go to play with his friends.2021/8/8 星期日28Tip:We use the passive causative to talk about services that we arrange someone to do for us.2 Passive with causative verbsDiscovering GrammarForm:have/has/had sth+done2021/8/8 星期日29Correct answer:And of course we cooked all the dishes ourselves2 Passive with causative verbsDiscovering GrammarExercise:2021/8/8 星期日30The use of the verb get to form the passive voice is more informal than the use of the verb be.The get-passive also sometimes seems to focus more on the action than on the result.2 Get-passiveDiscovering GrammarForm:get+done2021/8/8 星期日31我们用我们用get代替代替be，表示动作的发生和变化。，表示动作的发生和变化。2 Get-passiveDiscovering GrammarForm:get+doneget 强调状态的变化，如强调状态的变化，如 get arrested/confused/delayed/dressed/drowned/elected/hit/hurt/killed/married/washed2021/8/8 星期日32 1、Use the modals in the brackets and the correct forms of the verbs given in the box to complete the conversation.Applying GrammarA should be kept,ought to be improved,could be designed,can be removedB ought to be given,are going to delivered,will be done,will be stored2021/8/8 星期日33 2、Complete the following dialogues with the get-passive and the appropriate tense.Applying Grammar 1)will;get eaten2)is getting fixed3)got robbed;got taken away4)got invited5)will get stopped6)are getting graded7)will get published8)Did;get arrested2021/8/8 星期日34 3、Change the following sentences into passive voice.Applying Grammar 1)This novel was written by Lu Xun.2)English is spoken everywhere in the world.3)The homework will be finished tomorrow.4)A dictionary has been recommended to us by our teacher.5)The road is being repaired by the workers.6)I heard that he had been sent to hospital.7)The room was being cleaned by her mother.8)The book will be returned next week.9)I was bought a watch by my father from America.10)This is called DV.2021/8/8 星期日35 4、Imagine yourself being a reporter.Write a paragraph about an event.Make use of the passive voice.2021/8/8 星期日36 学习主动结构表示被动意义学习主动结构表示被动意义 英英语语里里有有些些动动词词能能以以主主动动结结构构表表示示被被动动意意义义。这这类类动动词词通通常常都都是是既既可可作作及及物物动动词词，也也可可作作不不及及物物动动词词，当当它它们们作作为为不不及及物物动动词词用用于于SV(A)SV(A)，即即主主谓谓（状状）结结构中时，往往含有被动意义。构中时，往往含有被动意义。Further Grammar2021/8/8 星期日37 这里有两种情况：这里有两种情况：一一种种是是用用这这类类动动词词的的进进行行时时（主主要要是是现现在在进进行行时时）表表示示被被动动意意义义，这这种种句句子子的的主主语语通通常常都都是是指指物物的的，而且可以转换为相应的被动结构而且可以转换为相应的被动结构。Further GrammarThe house is building.=The house is being built.The book is printing.=The book is being printed.The dinner is cooking.=The dinner is being cooked.2021/8/8 星期日38 这里有两种情况：这里有两种情况：另一种情况是用这类动词（最常用的是一般现在时）表示被动意义，这类句子的主语（也是指物的居多）通常具有某些内在的特征，能够促使动词所表示的动词得以实现或难以实现。如：Further GrammarMy voice doesnt carry well.我的声音传不远。我的声音传不远。The door wont lock.这门锁不上。这门锁不上。The cloth washes well.这种不很耐洗。这种不很耐洗。The match lights easily.这火柴容易化着。这火柴容易化着。2021/8/8 星期日39Further Grammar以以上上这这些些句句子子一一般般不不能能转转换换为为被被动动句句，如如果果变变为为被被 动句，句子的意义就改变了：动句，句子的意义就改变了：His novels dont sell.他的小说销路不好。他的小说销路不好。His novels are not sold.他的小说没有卖掉。他的小说没有卖掉。She doesnt photograph well.她不上照。她不上照。She has not been photographed well.她她的的相相片片 没照好。没照好。.2021/8/8 星期日40Further Grammar1 provide a sentence equivalent in meaning to the one in the example.1.The house is being built.2.The door cant be locked.3.Im not heard clearly.4.His novel arent popular.2021/8/8 星期日41Further Grammar2 decide which of the following sentences is in the passive voice.I am annoyed with him.我对他很生气。我对他很生气。I was annoyed by mosquitoes all night.我彻夜给蚊子闹苦了。我彻夜给蚊子闹苦了。I am surprised at your behavior.我对你的行为大为震惊。我对你的行为大为震惊。I was surprised by a knock at the door.有人敲门使我吃了一惊。有人敲门使我吃了一惊。2021/8/8 星期日42Further Grammar2 decide which of the following sentences is in the passive voice.以以上上各各组组中中，第第一一句句均均为为系系补补结结构构，第第二二句句是是被被动动结结构构。作作为为被被动动结结构构，它它们们都都有有相相应应的的主主动动句句（如如Mosquitoes Mosquitoes annoyed annoyed me me all all night;night;A A knock knock at at the the door door surprised surprised meme）,而系补结构没有。而系补结构没有。2021/8/8 星期日43Further Grammar2 decide which of the following sentences is in the passive voice.如如前前所所述述，被被动动语语态态是是助助动动词词be be+及及物物动动词词的的-ed-ed分分词词构构成成，但但这这并并不不等等于于说说凡凡是是be+be+及及物物动动词词的的-ed-ed分分词词结结构构都都是是被被动动语语态态。英英语语中中有有些些-ed-ed分分词词能能作作形形容容词词用用，当当它它们们与与助助动动词词bebe连连用用时时就就构构成成通通常常所所说说的的“系系补补结结构构”，也就是，也就是-ed-ed分词作主语补语分词作主语补语。2021/8/8 星期日44高考链接高考链接1.Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes.(2001 全国春招)Alose B.will be lost C.are lost D.will lose2.A new cinema _ here.They hope to finish it next month.(2001全国春招)A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built3.Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.(2001全国)A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested4.This is Teds photo.We miss him a lot.He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(2002全国春招)A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing5.-How are the team playing?-They are playing well,but one of them _ hurt.A.got B.gets C.are D.wereB D D CA 2021/8/8 星期日45高考链接高考链接6.-How long _ at this job?-Since 1990.A.Were you employed B.have you been employed B.had you been employed D.will you be employed7.The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over.(2003全国春招)A.has been broken B.breaks C.broke D.was broken8.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.(2004北京)A.has been completed B.has completed C.will have been completed D.will have completed 9.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1954,and their power _ increased enormously ever since.(2004上海)A.is B.was C.has been D.had been B DC C 2021/8/8 星期日46高考链接高考链接10.All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.(2004广东)A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.are encouraged11.More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.(2004江苏)A.treated B.have treated C.had been treated D.have been treated12.-George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?-No,I _.(2004湖北)A.was not invited B.have not been invited C.hadnt been invited D.didnt invitedD D A2021/8/8 星期日47高考链接高考链接13.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables.(2004 上海)A.persuade B.will persuade C.be persuaded D.are persuaded14.-The window is dirty.-I know.It _ for weeks.(2004广西)A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned15.According to the art dealer,the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars.(2004吉林)A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expectingD D A2021/8/8 星期日48Metonymy 2021/8/8 星期日49Metonymy 转喻Look!That is the person who has been named the first violin in the orchestra.The figure of speech used in this sentence is metonymy.2021/8/8 星期日50Metonymy 转喻英语中的metonymy与汉语的“借代”十分相似，只是在分类上略有不同。Metonymy是用甲事物的名称代替乙事物的名称，而甲乙两事物在某一方面有着密切的联系，但没有相似之处。当提到甲事物时就自然联想到乙事物。换言之，它是用与甲事物密切有关的乙事物来代替甲事物。2021/8/8 星期日51Study it 1.人体器官代替其行为或能力人体器官代替其行为或能力Give every man the ear,but few the voice.句中用“ear”人体器官代指其作用和能力“listen to others”；“voice”指代“expressing opinions”2021/8/8 星期日52Study it 2.工具指代相关的物或人 That farmer gave up the plough.用“plough”代指“farming”3.容器代表所容纳的东西 The store is burning.“the store”代指“the fire in the store”2021/8/8 星期日53Study it 4.明显的特点或特色代表人或物 His elder sister went to the stager:the young one has taken the veil.Our eleven has won the game.“the veil”是修女的突出特点，指代从事此行业；板球和橄榄球队一般是由11人组成，所以“eleven”代指“our team”。2021/8/8 星期日54Study it 5.人名代表相近的事物和概念 He reads Shakespeare.“Shakespeare”代替“his work”.2021/8/8 星期日55Study it 6.具体代表抽象 Check in lines snake across the hall,waiting for flights that are 10 hours late.“snake”“snake”象征着它的弯弯曲曲的蛇形运动，这象征着它的弯弯曲曲的蛇形运动，这里有两种修辞效果，一个是形象的替代，另外里有两种修辞效果，一个是形象的替代，另外也让人联想起某些怨恨或怀恨的情感也让人联想起某些怨恨或怀恨的情感。2021/8/8 星期日56Study it 7.地点或场所代表所暗指的人或物Shares rose sharply on Wall Street yesterday.金融地点金融地点“Wall street”代指金融市代指金融市“financial market”。2021/8/8 星期日57Study it 8.结果代原因Its nice here under the shade.let me have a rest,”said the hare.“The shade”代替代替“the tree”。2021/8/8 星期日58Study it 9.替换名称（alternative name）代指 人或物By some he is called“a thoroughbred Englishman,by some,“a genuine John Bull”.“John Bull”是英国人的绰号（是英国人的绰号（nickname），所以代），所以代表表“Englishman”。2021/8/8 星期日59Differences between metonymy and synecdochenIn metonymy,the two things are obviously different,but they are closely associated.nIn synecdoche,there is association between the whole and the part,the general and the specific or the material and the things made from it.2021/8/8 星期日60Homework1.Write three sentences containing passive voice introduced by the relative words learned in this unit.2.Find more cases of metonymy.3.Preview the new terms to be used in Unit 12.2021/8/8 星期日61Thank You！2021/8/8 星期日622021/8/8 星期日639、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/2022 12:48:58 AM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、故人江海别，几度隔山川。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202213、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202214、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。26 十二月 20222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2615、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十二月 222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202216、行动出成果，工作出财富。2022/12/262022/12/2626 December 202217、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/269、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202210、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/2022 12:48:58 AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202213、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。26 十二月 20222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2615、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。十二月 222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202216、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。2022/12/262022/12/2626 December 202217、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/269、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/2022 12:48:58 AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December 26,202213、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者