医学专题—外科绪论.ppt

外科学绪论外科学绪论(xln)Introduction of Surgery第一页，共二十五页。一、现代一、现代(xindi)外科学的发展外科学的发展 Development of Modern Surgery1.解剖学解剖学 AnatomyJohn Hunter(1728-1793),the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.第二页，共二十五页。2.麻醉麻醉(mzu)AnesthesiaWillam t.G.Morton(1819-1868),a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16,1846,at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery第三页，共二十五页。3.抗菌术抗菌术 AntisepsisJoseph Lister(1827-1912),the originator of antiseptic surgery第四页，共二十五页。4.输血输血(sh xu)Blood transfusionRichard Lewisohn(1875-1961),a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital,introduced the modern technique of blood transfusion,developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.Karl Landsteiner(1868-1943),one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity.He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood groups,A,B,and O.第五页，共二十五页。Theodor Kocher(1841-1917),professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid.He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.Theodor Billroth(1829-1894),professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon,Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.Innovators&Pioneers in Surgery第六页，共二十五页。John H.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.Alexis Carrel(1873-1944),an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing,tissue culture,organ transplantation,and blood vessel anastomosis.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.第七页，共二十五页。傅培彬傅培彬(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科瑞金医院外科(wik)创始人创始人第八页，共二十五页。1954 二尖瓣分离二尖瓣分离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis1958 大面积灼伤大面积灼伤 Severe Burn1963 断肢再植断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb1977 肝移植肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心脏移植心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation1990s-二医外科全面发展二医外科全面发展(fzhn)灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科 Burn surg,Digestive S.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科 Stomatological S.Plastic S.Pediatric Cardio S.The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China第九页，共二十五页。二、外科学范畴二、外科学范畴(fnchu)Category of Surgery1.外科疾病分类外科疾病分类Classification of Surgical Diseases1)损伤损伤(snshng)Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical2)感染感染 Infection3)肿瘤肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign,Malignant4)畸形畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital,Acquired第十页，共二十五页。5)内分泌功能失调内分泌功能失调 Metabolic&Hormonal disorder6)梗塞与缺血梗塞与缺血 Infarction&Ischamia7)其它其它(qt)Others梗阻梗阻 Obstruction寄生虫病寄生虫病 Parasite diseases静脉曲张静脉曲张 Vein varicose第十一页，共二十五页。2.外科专业外科专业(zhuny)发展发展 Development of Surgical Specialties1)工作对象和性质工作对象和性质实验实验(shyn)外科外科 Eexperimental Surgery临床外科临床外科 Clinical Surgery第十二页，共二十五页。2)人体解剖系统人体解剖系统骨科骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery颌面外科颌面外科(wik)Dentofacial surgery心胸外科心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery泌尿外科泌尿外科Urologic surgery神经外科神经外科Neurosurgery普通外科普通外科General surgery(腹部外科腹部外科)Abdominal surgery第十三页，共二十五页。3)性病性质性病性质 肿瘤外科肿瘤外科Neoplastic surgery急症外科急症外科Emergency surgery创伤外科创伤外科Trauma surgery烧伤烧伤(shoshng)外科外科Burn surgery4)手术方式手术方式整复外科整复外科Plastic surgery显微外科显微外科Microsurgery移植外科移植外科Transplantation微创外科微创外科Minimally invasive surgery第十四页，共二十五页。5)年龄年龄 小儿外科小儿外科 Pediatric Surgery 成人外科成人外科 Adult Surgery6)专业专业 妇科妇科(fk)Gynecology 耳鼻喉科耳鼻喉科 Otolaryngology 眼科眼科Ophthalmology第十五页，共二十五页。3.外科外科(wik)总论与各论总论与各论 General Surgery&Special Surgery 外科学总论外科学总论 General Surgery 各临床外科共同的专业基础各临床外科共同的专业基础 基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁外科学各论外科学各论Special Surgery 论述各系统、各脏器论述各系统、各脏器 外科疾病外科疾病(jbng)的病因、病理、诊断与治疗的病因、病理、诊断与治疗第十六页，共二十五页。外科分子生物学外科分子生物学 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫学外科免疫学 Surgical immunology 无菌术无菌术 Aseptic technique 外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡(pnghng)Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 输血输血 Blood transfusion第十七页，共二十五页。外科休克外科休克Surgical shock外科营养外科营养Surgical nutrition多器官功能障碍综合征多器官功能障碍综合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS麻醉麻醉(mzu)Anesthesia外科重症监测治疗外科重症监测治疗Surgical intensive care第十八页，共二十五页。心肺脑复苏心肺脑复苏 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation疼痛治疗疼痛治疗Pain management&Analgesia围手术期处理围手术期处理(chl)Paraoperative management门诊外科门诊外科Outpatient surgery外科感染外科感染Surgical infection肿瘤肿瘤Neoplasma第十九页，共二十五页。创伤创伤(chungshng)Trauma烧伤与冷伤烧伤与冷伤Burns&Cold injury显微外科显微外科Microsurgery器官移植器官移植Organ transplantation组织工程组织工程Tissue engineering腔镜外科腔镜外科Laparoscopic&thorascopic surgery内镜外科内镜外科Endoscopic surgery外科介入治疗外科介入治疗 Surgical intervention treatment第二十页，共二十五页。三、如何三、如何(rh)学习外科学习外科How to learn surgery外科医师的职业道德外科医师的职业道德 Moral Character理论理论(lln)联系实践联系实践 Theory and Practice外科基础外科基础Basic theoryBasic knowledgeBasic technique第二十一页，共二十五页。Spunk of tiger 胆大胆大形象化的要求形象化的要求(yoqi)Some figure of speech about the basic demandsEyes of eagle 眼明眼明Hands of women 手巧手巧(shuqio)Heart of mother 心细心细(xn x)第二十二页，共二十五页。学学 问问-Learn to find questions-Learn to ask questions-Learn to solve questionsBooks are you best teachersLibrary is your best school第二十三页，共二十五页。结束语结束语Now,you may have a good start-why to learn-how to learnWell begun,half done.良好良好(lingho)的开端，成功的一半。的开端，成功的一半。目标已明，努力干吧！目标已明，努力干吧！第二十四页，共二十五页。内容(nirng)总结外科学绪论Introduction of Surgery。耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology。眼科(yn k)Ophthalmology。外科学各论Special Surgery。创伤Trauma。显微外科Microsurgery。器官移植Organ transplantation第二十五页，共二十五页。