湖南省长沙市明德中学2018_2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题含解析.doc

-1-湖南省长沙市明德中学湖南省长沙市明德中学 2018-20192018-2019 学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）解析）第二部分第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分阅读理解（共两节，满分 3535 分）分）第一节第一节（共十道题，每小题（共十道题，每小题 2.52.5 分，满分分，满分 2525 分）分）阅读下列短文阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项从每题所给的四个选项（A A，B B，C C 和和 D D）中中，选出最佳选项选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。该项涂黑。A ADiscoverDiscover NatureNature SchoolsSchools programsprogramsBecomingBecoming BearsBears(Kindergarten-2 grade)By becoming baby bears,children learn from their“parent”to survive theseasons.Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat duringthe summer,and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠).After learning theskills needed to survive,students will go out of the cave as an independent blackbear able to care for themselves.(1.5-2 hours)WhoseWhose Clues?Clues?(3-5 grade)Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive.Through outdoor study of plants and animals,kids will recognize their specialstructures and learn how they enable species to eat,avoid their enemies and survive.Using what they have learned,kids will choose one species and tell how they survivein their living places.(3-4 hours)WingedWinged WondersWonders(3-5 grade)Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological(生态的)role.Students will learn the basics of birds,understand the role birds playin food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes.Students willdo hands-on activities.Students will use tools to build bird feeders,allowing themto attract birds at home.(3-4 hours)ExploringExploring YourYour WatershedWatershed(6-8 grade)We all depend on clean water.Examining how our actions shape the waterways aroundus.Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water quality problems-2-in a city.Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem.Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students.All programs include plenty of time outdoors.So please prepare proper clothing,sunscreen and insect killers for children.To take part in a program,please email dcprogramsmdc.mo.gov.1.What can kids do at Becoming Bears?A.Watch bears performances.B.Take care of bearsC.Learn how to survive a bear attack.D.Pretend to be baby bears to learn about bears.2.Kids who are interested in plants will choose_.A.Whose Clues?B.Exploring your WatershedC.Becoming BearsD.Winged Wonders3.According to the passage,all the four programs _.A.have the same teaching hoursB.have outdoor activitiesC.are offered during summer holidaysD.are designed for primary schoolstudents【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了让学生了解和体验大自然的课程的相关信息。【1 题详解】细节理解题。由 Becoming Bears 中的“By becoming baby bears,children learn from their“parent”to survive the seasons.”可知，通过成为熊宝宝，孩子可以从“熊父母”那里学到生存的技能。所以孩子们在 Becoming Bears 能假装成小熊来学习关于熊的一些知识。故 D 选项正确。【2 题详解】细节理解题。由 Whose Clues?中的“Kids will discover how plants and animals use theirspecial structures to survive”可知，孩子们会发现植物和动物是如何利用它们的特殊结构来生存的。所以对植物感兴趣的孩子会选择 Whose Clues。故 A 选项正确。-3-【3 题详解】细节理解题。由 Becoming Bears 中的“students will go out of the cave as an independentblack bear able to care for themselves”.Whose Clues 中的“Through outdoor study ofplants and animals.”.Winged Wonders 中的“go bird watching using field guides andtelescopes.”和 Exploring Your Watershed 中的“All programs include plenty of timeoutdoors”可知，学生们将作为一只能够照顾自己的独立的黑熊走出洞穴。通过对植物和动物的户外研究。并使用野外指南和望远镜观察鸟类。所有项目都包括大量的户外活动。所以根据这篇文章，四个项目都有户外活动。故 B 选项正确。B BDenny was a famous photographer.He traveled all over the world,taking picturesfor magazines and newspapers,and won many prizes.“Ill do anything to get a good photo,”he often said.“Ill go anywhere,even if it is dangerous.”And he told the truth.He had photos of many disasters.If something interestinghappened,Denny went to photograph it.He was a married man and his wife often asked him to take her with him,but healways refused.“Ill travel for my work,not for fun,you wont enjoy yourself,and I wont have time to look after you.Sometimes theres not even anywhere tostay,and I have to sleep outside.I often dont have a good meal or a bath for days.You wont like it.”“Denny,I am not a child,”his wife didnt agree.“I can look after myself.Please take me with you the next time you go overseas.”Denny didnt say anything,but he thought about it,and when he was asked togo to Africa,he said to his wife,“You can come to Africa with me if you want to.Ive got to take photos of wild animals there.It should be interesting and not toouncomfortable.”His wife was very excited,and at first she had a very enjoyable time.Then Dennywent to the forest to find some lions to photo.His wife went with him,but beforelong they became separated.She walked down one path while he walked down the other.-4-Suddenly,Denny heard her crying.He ran back and saw her running towards him.A huge lion was chasing her.Quickly Denny took his camera out of the bag and pointedit at his wife and the lion.Then he shouted,“SlowSlow down,down,woman!woman!I I cancant t getget youyoubothboth inin thethe picture!picture!”4.Denny had photos of all the following EXCEPT.A.Natural disastersB.wild animalsC.travel magazinesD.interesting event5.The couple became separated in the African forest,probably because.A.one of them left to talk a bathB.they didnt have a good meal fordaysC.either of them had lost his/her wayD.they have nowhere to stay for thenight6.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph mainly tells us that.A.Denny was in fact playing a joke with his wifeB.Denny trained the wild lion to play with his wifeC.Denny did not love his wifeD.Denny was too busy taking photos to protect his wife7.According to the passage,a famous photographers live must be.A.safe,cheerful and colorfulB.interesting,successful butdangerousC.enjoyable,exciting but regrettableD.pleasant,comfortable andmeaningful【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Denny 是一个有名的摄影师，并在这方面获得了很多大奖。他的妻子很想和他一起去拍照片，在妻子再三的请求下，Denny 终于带着妻子去了非洲，在一次外出拍照时，由于失散，妻子受到狮子的追赶。但是 Denny 想到的不是救妻子，而是拍下这一场面。短文赞扬了 Denny 的敬业，同时讽刺了他的无情。【4 题详解】-5-细节理解题。由第三段和倒数第三段“He had photos of many disasters.If somethinginteresting happened,Denny went to photograph it.Ive got to take photos of wildanimals there.”可知，我愿意去任何地方拍照，即使很危险。他拍摄了许多灾难的照片。如果发生了什么有趣的事，丹尼就去拍。我要在那里拍野生动物的照片。所以 A，B，D 都是Denny 拍摄的内容，而 C 选项是他拍照所服务的对象。所以 C 选项不是他拍照的内容。故 C 选项正确。【5 题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“His wife went with him,but before long they becameseparated.She walked down one path while he walked down the other”可知，他的妻子和他走在一起，但不久之后，他们就走散了。妻子沿着一条小路走，然而他却沿着另一条小路走。所以这对夫妇在非洲森林里失散了，可能是因为他们中的一个迷路了。故 C 选项正确。【6 题详解】推理判断题。由最后段“Then he shouted,“Slow down,woman!I cant get you both inthe picture!”可知，然后他喊道：“慢点，女士！我不能把你们俩都拍进去。所以通过 Denny所说的话可以判断出，最后一段划线的句子主要告诉我们 Denny 忙着拍照，无暇顾及保护妻子。故 D 选项正确。【7 题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“won many prizes.”第二段“Ill go anywhere,even if it isdangerous.”Denny 获得了很多奖。他可以去任何地方拍摄，即使很危险。和倒数第三段“Itshould be interesting”可知，拍摄很有趣。所以通过阅读这篇文章对摄影师生活的描述，可以判断出一个著名的摄影师的生活一定是有趣的，成功的，但很危险。故 B 选项正确。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。由最后段“Then he shouted,“Slow down,woman!I cant get you both in the picture!”可知，然后他喊道：“慢点，女士！我不能把你们俩都拍进去。所以通过 Denny 所说的话可以判断出，最后一段划线的句子主要告诉我们 Denny 忙着拍照，无暇顾及保护妻子。故 D 选项为小题 3 的正确选项。-6-C CThere are many useful suggestions and pieces of advice that can help one to improveEnglish.Here are some useful suggestions and new tips to increase ones Englishlanguage vocabulary.Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words.A broad grasp of vocabulary in the English language is based on understanding importantexpressions.Learning a word will not help very much if you quickly forget it.Research showsthat it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions to really make a word part of your vocabulary.Since most words are learned from how they are used in context,the more words oneis shown,the better vocabulary one will have.Keep a piece of paper close to you.When you read,pay more attention to the word you do not know,write the word downand try to figure out its meaning from the context.Then look up the word in adictionary.Remember that if you do not use English words that you have just learned inconversation or writing,you will forget them very quickly.So the best way to learnnew words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing.Remember also that practice is the key to fluent spoken English.Building vocabulary is a life-long task.Remember,“In the beginning was theword.”Your future could depend on how rich your vocabulary is.It will also determinethe quality of your communication.8.We can learn from the passage that learning English vocabulary.A.is just about learning the right wordsB.is about remembering more and more wordsC.doesnt require one to learn expressionsD.requires one to understand important expressions9.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.It doesnt take long to build ones vocabularyB.If you remember a word,you are still able to forget it if you dont use it.C.To master a word,you need to repeat it 10-20 times.-7-D.Practice is very important in fluent spoken English.10.The best way to learn new words is.A.reading them loudly over and over againB.writing them down over and over againC.trying to use them while speaking and writingD.always looking them up in the dictionary11.What is the passage mainly about?A.How to have a good conversation in EnglishB.How to enrich your English vocabularyC.Why context is important in learning EnglishD.How to improve the quality of communication【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了提高英语词汇量的一些新技巧。【8 题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“A broad grasp of vocabulary in the English language is basedon understanding important expressions.”可知，对英语词汇的广泛掌握是建立在理解重要表达的基础上的。所以从这篇文章我们可以学到，学习英语词汇需要学习者理解重要的表达。故 D 选项正确。【9 题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段“Building vocabulary is a life-long task”可知，词汇量的积累是一项终生的任务。所以 A 选项“积累词汇量并不需要很长的时间”是不对的。故 A 选项正确。【10 题详解】细节理解题。由最后段“So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by tryingto use them in conversation and writing”可知，所以有效学习新单词的最好方法就是试着在对话和写作中使用它们。所以学习新单词的最好方法是试着在说和写作的时候使用它们。故 C 选项正确。【11 题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Here are some useful suggestions and new tips to increase ones-8-English language vocabulary”可知，这里有一些有用的建议和提高英语词汇量的新技巧。短文的结构为总分结构。所以通过第一段的总说以及各个小标题的分说。可以判断出这篇文章主要讲的是如何丰富你的英语词汇。故 B 选项正确。D DAre some people born clever,and others born stupid?Or is intelligence developedby our environment and our experiences?Strangely enough,the answer to both thesequestions is yes.To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth,and no amountof special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence.On the other hand,a child who lives in a boring environment will develop hisintelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied circumstances.Thus the limitsof a persons intelligence are fixed at birth,but whether or not he reaches thoselimits will depend on his environment.This view,now held by most experts,can besupported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with.The closer the blood relationship between two people,the closer they are likely tobe in intelligence.Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地)from thepopulation,it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completelydifferent.If on the other hand we take two identical(完全相同的)twins they willvery likely be as intelligent as each other.Relations like brothers and sisters,parents and children,usually have similar intelligence,and this clearly suggeststhat intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments.We might send one,for example,to a university and the other to a factory where thework is boring.We would soon find differences in intelligence developing,and thisindicates that environment as well as birth plays a part.This conclusion is alsosuggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other,but whoare not related at all,are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.12.Which of these sentences best describes the writers point in Para.1?A.To some extent,intelligence is given at birth.-9-B.Intelligence is developed by the environment.C.Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D.Intelligence is fixed at birth,but is developed by the environment.13.It is suggested in this passage that_.A.close relations usually have similar intelligenceB.unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceC.the closer the blood relationship between people,the more different they are likelyto be in intelligenceD.people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similardegrees of intelligence14.In Para.1,the word circumstances means_.A.intelligenceB.lifeC.environmentsD.housing15.The best title for this article would be_.A.On IntelligenceB.What Intelligence MeansC.We are Born with IntelligenceD.Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】试题分析:文章主要讲的是人的智力。许多专家现在持有的观点是，智力的极限是由先天决定的，但能否达到极限则取决于后天的生活环境。【12 题详解】D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Thus the limits of persons intelligence are fixed at birth,but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment.”可知，一个人的智力在出生时就固定了，但能否达到极限，要视后天的环境而定，故选 D【13 题详解】B 推理判断题。根据第二段“The closer the blood relationship between two people,thecloser they are likely to be intelligence”可知，两个人的血缘关系越近，他们的智力水平越接近，故选 B-10-【14 题详解】C 猜测词意。根据第一段提到 On the other hand,a child who lives in a boring environmentwill develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and variedsurroundings另外一个方面，孩子所居住的环境将会影响他的智力而不是他有多么富有和复杂的环境，故选 C 项。【15 题详解】A 主旨标题。根据第一段“Or is intelligence developed by our environment and ourexperience?”和第二段“It is easy to show that intelligence is to”与第三段“and thisindicates that environment as well as birth plays a part.”可知，文章主要讲的是智力，专家持有的观点是，智力的极限是先天决定的，而能否达到极限，取决于后天的环境，故选 A 项。第二节（共第二节（共 5 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 1010 分）分）根据短文内容根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。A good laugh is like a mild workout.It exercises the muscles,gets the bloodflowing,decreases blood pressure and improves sleep patterns and the immunesystem._16_.Dont take life too seriously.We all have obstacles in life and we all makemistakes._17_ In fact,if you can laugh light-heartedly at your own fault,youll find that you give yourself that extra happiness and confidence increase thatcan get you over any obstacle.Find the humor in a bad situation.Sure,there are some situations where youare really sad._18_The next time you feel the stress levels rising,takea minute to think about the funny side of the situation and laugh over the thingsyou cannot control.This will lower your blood pressure,blood sugar levels and heartrate.Remind yourself of funny moments from the past.Perhaps a friend told you a greatjoke the other day or your children or pets did something amusing._19_.Sometimes just relivinga funny moment can cause the endorphins(内啡肽),natural painkillers,to kick in.-11-_20_.As the saying goes,laughter is contagious(会传染的）.So make a pointof seeking out positive people who