气相中的稳态分子扩散 (1).pdf
Principles of Chemical EngineeringChemical engineering science:An engineering discipline that changes the chemical composition and physical properties of materials on a large scalepath:chemical reaction processSeparation and purification processChanging process of physical state and propertycharacteristic：a large scaleproductmarketmarketIntroduction1.The researching object and task of chemical engineering It started from 20th century,with more than 100 years history1893 Chicago conference of chemists40S the dawn of chemical reaction engineeringengineering research（fluid bed catalytic cracking,styrene butadiene rubber synthesis,Atomic Energy Engineering）50s Forming the branch of chemical reaction engineering70s systematic engineering of chemical engineeringnow bioengineering,environmental engineeringm i l e s t o n eIntroductionThe history of chemical engineering Whats the production process of chemical engineeringSimilarities and differences of production processes of papermaking,metallurgy and alchemyDifferences:There exist some differnce in materials,products,the purpose of product and steps.Similarities:Both of them have chemical reaction and take chemical reaction as the center,which involves physica operation such as material transportation,material heating/cooling,etcIntroductionThe main research contents of principles of chemical engineering conclusion：Different chemical production processes are connected by similar chemical reactions and several chemical unit operationsThe common problems of unit operations:IntroductionThe main research contents of principles of chemical engineering Basic principles of unit operationThe structure of typical equipmentEquipment moldingProcess dimension calculation of equipmentResearch object：Unit OperationInvolved fields：chemical industrypetrochemical industryoil refiningmetallurgyproduct processingpharmaceutical manufacturingnuclear industrybiochemical engineeringenvironment protection,materials and space technologyIntroductionThe main research contens of principles of chemical engineeringengineeringmomentum transferunit operationheat transfermass transferchemical reactor chemical reaction engineeringtransference engineeringprocessproduction of chemical engineeringIntroductionThe main research contents of principles of chemical engineeringClassification of unit operation：（1)Those that follow the basic laws of fluid powerfluid transportation,sedimentation,filtration,fluidization of solid,etc（2)Those that follow the basic laws of heat transferheating,cooling,condensation,evaporation,etc（3)Those that follow the basic laws of mass transfer:distillation,absorption,extraction,crystallization,drying,membrane separation,etcIntroductiontransference engineering:Momentum transfer Heat transfer Mass transferThe main research contents of principles of chemical engineeringthe process diagram of the process diagram of urea synthesis urea synthesis distillationevaporationcrystallizationfliterationdryingNH3NH3compressionfinal productcondensationH2Oheat transfermass transferfluid dynamicspump conveyingCO2synthesistransfer processunit operationmomentum transferfluid conveyingmixingfliterationsedimentationheat transferheatingcooling evaporationrectificationmass transferabsorption（g/l）rectification(l/l)extraction(l/l,s/l)crystallization(l/s)adsorption(s/g,s/l)Introduction绪论requirements for teaching objectives1、Master the basic chemical engineering principle process,typical equipment structure,performance and operation principles;2、Master the basic calculation methods and equipment design3、Seek for suitable operation conditions,explore the multiple orientations of the process of fortification and the different ways to improving equipments.Methods1、distinguish primary and secondary factors2、pay attention to the meaning,unit and dimension of physical quantity3、understand basic concepts,principles and operation methods4、pay attention to the physical meaning and application conditions of the basic calculation equation,without memorizing the empirical formula and the quasi number equationknowledge points review1.physical quantity unitesUnit systembasic units:length、timederived unit：It consists of basic units,such as speed、accelerationUnitSIinternationalunitlegal unit(1)unit conversionconversion factor:The ratio of the same physical quantity in different units,including units,is called conversion factor.Note:any conversion factor,including units,is essentially 1.(2)conversion of empirical formula(or numerical formula)two category:physical equation reflecting the relationship between physical quantitiesempirical formula based on experimental dataProperties of physical equation unit consistency equationdimensional consistency equationnote:In the formula,it is not allowed to adopt two unit systems at the same timempiricalformulanumerical formulaproperties:In formula,the unit must be specified,and the symbol only represents the digital part of physical quantityknowledge Points Review1.Physical quantity unit2.Representation method of mixture concentrationknowledge points review(1)concentration and content of substance:mass concentration of substance:mass fraction of substance:(2)mass concentration and mass fraction of substancemass concentration of substance-mass density mass fraction of substance:(3)molar ratio and mass ratiomolar ratio:mass ratio:basis of balance:law of conservation of massobject of balance:raw materials,finished products and lost materials in the production procesthe basic form of mass balance:GI-GO=GAin formula：GI：the sum of input materialsGO：the sum of output materialsGA：the accumulative material quantity3.Material balanceaddition amount discharge amount-accumulation amount=0knowledge Points Reviewbasic steps of material balancedraw flow diagram according to questionmake sure the scope of materila balancemake sure the standard of balance:time of balance;substance of balanceknowledge points review3.Material balanceknowledge points reviewbasis:law of conservation of massformula：QI=QO+QLin formula:QI is the total heat entering system with materials,kJ or kw QO is the total heat leaving the system with material,kJ or kwQL is the total heat scattering around system,kJ or kwIt also can be expressed as (WH)I=(WH)O+QL W mass of material,kg or kg/SH enthalpy of material,kJ/kg4.Energy balance(in unit time)addition amount discharge amount+environmental input amount-accumulation amount=05.Basic Guidelineknowledge point reviewproduction capacity The quantity of products that can be produced or material be processed within unit timeproduction intensity The ratio of the production capacity of equipment to a certain technical characteristic index of equipmentyield:ratio of actual yield to theoretical yieldconversion:ratio of converted reactant amount to initial reactant amountrequirements of Principles of Chemical EngineeringThe following abilities should be cultivated during study（1）Pay attention to the methods of learning and dealing withengineering problems(2)Grasp key issues and essence of process(3)combine theory with practice(4)master methods of induction,synthesis and comparison20Textbook edited by Zeng Ying textbook for the 12th Five Year Plan of general higher education principles of chemical engineering Science Press March 2016(First Edition)Rereference1.Zeng Ying,Lianying An,Xiaoling Xia,Xiaoqiang Guo.Chemical Engineering Principle.Beijing:Science Press,20182.Shaoyi Jia,Chengjing Chai.Chemical Engineering Principle(single volume),2nd Edition.Beijing:Higher Education Press,20133.Chengjing Chai,Shaoyi Jia.Chemical Engineering Principle(Volume I),3rd Edition.Beijing:Higher Education Press,20174.minheng Chen,Dezi Cong,Tunan Fang,et al.Chemical Engineering Principle(Volume I),4th Edition.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,20155.Tianen Tan,Dou Mei,et al.Chemical Engineering Principle(Volume I),4th Edition.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,20136.Zhongwei Ding,Liying Liu,Liu Wei.Chemical Engineering Principle(Volume I).Beijing:Higher Education Press,20147.McCabe W L,Smith J C.Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering,7th ed.New York:McGraw.Hill Inc.,2008.8.Journal of Chemical Engineering and other journals;science network,AC network and other websites
