产业生态学Industrialecology (3).pdf
All copyright is reservedChap.1 INTRODUCTIONWhat is the role of ISQuestions for course How does an environmental problem occur?What is the role of industryin linking humanity to the environment How will IE challenge environmental problems?How will IE be performed at BNUCONTENTS 1.1 Environmental Problems 1.2 The role of industry 1.3 The main contents of IE in addressing the Challenge 1.4 Teaching IE at BNU Question 2What is the role of industry in linking humanity to the environment?1.2 The role of Industry Analysis From environmental problem to human activities From humanity to the environment From environmental problem to human activitiesTaking Climate Change as an exampleObservation:huge iceberg is dissolving,the atmospheric temperature is increasing dramatically Evidence support:temperature recordReconstructions of Northern Hemisphere temperatures for the 2nd millennium http:/www.thefullwiki.org/Temperature_record_of_the_past_1000_yearsInstrumental Temperature record of the last 150 yearsThe temperature shows a rapid growth since 1860s explanation:estimation of heat exchangeEnergy from the sun drives the earths weather and climate,and heats the earths surface;the earth radiates energy back into space GHGs trap energy and retain heat Some gases can trap energy and retain heat Carbon dioxide(CO2),Methane(CH4)Nitrous oxide(N2O)Water vapor (H2O)Ozone(O3)Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)Six main greenhouse gases Environmental side:exam the atmospheric CO2Concentration410 ppmCO2concentrations over the last 400,000 years A great change in CO2concentration occurred around 1860s,the same time as temperature Confirmation:https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human side:exam the anthropogenic CO2emissionsGlobal CO2emissions from fossil fuel burning,cement production,and gas flaring,1850-2010http:/cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/prelim_2009_2010_estimates.htm The global main carbon emissions has been increased rapidly since 1850,also in the same time as temperature and CO2concentrationTemperature changeCO2concentrationAnthropogenic carbon emission the increasing of anthropogenic carbon emissions in the atmosphere caused climate change Fossil fuel burning Cement production Gas flaring Power for production Energy for life Othershttps:/ emissions mainly comes from the converting of primary energy to secondary energy:Individual:the converting of primary energy to secondary energy belongs to industrial productionFossil fuel gas electric power heat Resource products Universal:the converting of primary resource to final products that meet human needs is termed as industrial production Environmental problems mainly result from industrial production From humanity to the environment Food Clothing Shelter Transportation others Human needs:taking the basic necessities of life as examples To meet human needs,it is need to transform nature resource to products or services The process of converting of nature resource to service is termed as industrial production The concept of Industry In general,industry refers to the production of an economic good or service within an economy Four key industrial sectors:the primary sector:raw material extraction industries the secondary sector:involving refining,construction,and manufacturing;the tertiary sector:deals with services and distribution of goods;the quaternary sector:focus on technological R&D,design The Industrial Structurehttp:/ example:The national standard for industrial classification of national economy GB/T 4754-2011CodeName of industrial categoryPrimary industryAAgriculture,Forestry,Animal Husbandry,FisherySecondaryindustryIndustryBMiningCManufacturingDElectric Power,Gas and Water Production and SupplyConstructionEConstructionTertiary industryFTransport,storage and postGInformation transfer,computer services and softwareHWholesale and retial tradesIHotels and catering servicesJFinancial intermediationKReal EstateLLeasing and business servicesMScientific research,technical service and geologic prospectingNManagement of water conservancy,environment and public facilitiesOResident services and other servicesPEducationQSanitation,social security and social welfareRCulture,sports and entertainmentSPublic management and social organizationTInternational organizationaCompiled according to GB/T 4754-2002 the role of industryConclusion:industry Industry bridges the humanity and the environmentA framework between industrial system and its environmentEconomic systemSocial ServicesystemResource&environmental systemIndustrial systemeg.Car,200 thousands Yuan RMB eg.From place A to place Beg.Resource consumptionEnvironmental emissionsIndustry is the core of the hybrid system Deduce:to focus on industry,we may find good way to solve environmental problems
