核反应堆热工分析 (28).pdf
Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University过冷核态沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University当液体温度远小于Ts时,在ONB上没有明显可见的气泡,只有热的液体从过热边界层流到冷的液体中去过冷沸腾q随着q的增加,在加热面上产生气泡,但很快在跃离壁面之前就被冷凝了,在热边界层引起微量的对流当液体温度接近Ts时,气泡在加热面上长大并跃离壁面,它们升向自由表面的过程中,被冷液体所冷凝当液体达到饱和温度时,气泡将不再在液体中凝结,而是上升到自由表面Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University沸腾起始点(ONB):221=*satfgbsatbsatfgbfgT vRT TTTh p rhr ffTTqqkrrk 或*2satfgffgT v krh q2()()8ffgiwsatisatfgk hqTTT v过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University当壁面温度超过饱和温度时,不会立即就形成稳定的过冷沸腾在液体的单相对流区与充分发展的过冷区之间存在一个“部分沸腾”区部分沸腾区:由较少汽泡发源点构成,大部分热量是通过单相对流方式由汽泡间的壁面向流体进行传递,故并入液体的单相区过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University当沸腾开始时壁面温度由D下降到D,而后随着q的增加,壁温按曲线DEF的趋势而变化当欠热度不变时,随着q的增加,Tw与q之间的关系遵循ABD线的规律,直至第一批汽泡生成为止当入口欠热度和质量流密度为给定时,在坐标z处的通道内壁面温度随热流密度稳定增加时的变化如图所示:当q为给定时,开始产生沸腾所需的过热度比曲线ABDE所示的要高一些过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University0.02342.828/31.15691.798 105wspONBTTqp()sfwsqhTTzTTBergles和Rohsenow根据实验数据得到过冷沸腾起始点的判据,对0.113.8MPa的水为:联立求解,就可得到在一定流体温度下的沸腾起始点的q和Tw-Ts单相强迫对流传热方程:过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University,f ONBsJqTTh确定过冷沸腾起始点的位置的更为普遍的方法是把Jens-Lottes沸腾传热方程与单相强迫对流方程联合求解,得到如下关系式:J0.25625exp106.2JwsqpTT:按Jens-Lottes方程求得的壁面过热度Tf,ONB:沸腾起始点的流体温度其中:即:过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University净蒸汽产生点(汽泡脱离点)Griffith等05sblqTThSaha 和ZuberPe7104154sbplqTTGc过冷沸腾Multiphase Flow&Interface Phenomena Laboratory,School of Energy&Power Engineering,Chongqing University过冷沸腾干度和空泡份额Levy:()()()(Z)exp1()eeeDeDx zx zx zxx Z01()1()1()ggjgfzVx zCx zxG过冷沸腾