分子生物学分子生物学 (23).pdf

Chapter 10Proteomics research methods 10.1 The Concept and History of ProteomicsOne Genome different ProteomesLife is based on proteins and their interactionsIntroductionFrom Genomics to ProteomicsThe brilliant achievements of life sciences in the 20th centuryIn the mid-20th century,the proposal of DNA double helix structure In the mid-20th century,X-ray analysis of the protein spatial structureIn the 1990s,the Human Genome Project(HGP)Unable to solve the problem of fine genetic controlLarge-scale gene expression detection technology such as:microarray,DNA chip and SAGEmRNA can not reflect the quality and quantity of proteinLimitations of genome projectIn the past,our researches on proteinsonly focused on one or several proteinsinvolving in life activities,which made itdifficult to form a holistic impression and thusto explain the basic mechanism of life activitiessystematically and thoroughly.large-scale and comprehensive protein research is imperativeProteome The same genome is expressed differently in different cells and tissues.Gene expression always spatiotemporally dynamically changes.All the proteins expressed by the genome of a cell or tissue.ProteomicsTo analyze the dynamic changes of proteincomposition,expression level and modificationstatus in cells from a holistic perspective,understand the interactions and connectionsbetween proteins,and reveal the rules ofprotein functions and life activitiesMain research content understand the protein types expressed inspecific cells,tissues or organs define the interaction network of various proteins depict the precise three dimensional structure of proteins and reveal the key parts withinFunctional ProteomicsFunctional proteome:all proteins in a cellat a certain stage or related to a physiologicalphenomenon.It is between the traditional proteinchemistry research on individual proteins andthe proteomics research ideally on“allproteins”.International research progressIn 1996,the worlds first proteome researchcenter(APAF)was established inAustralia;American NCI:Proteome database of lung,rectum,breast and ovarian tumors;NCI and FDA:proteome database on differentstages of cancer and treatment;Britain,France,Germany,Japan and manyother countries also invested heavily inproteomics research.1.Human Liver Proteome Project(HLPP)2.Human Brain Proteome Project(HBPP)3.Proteomic Standards Initiative(PSI)4.Human Antibody Initiative(HAI)5.Plasma proteome Project(PPP)6.Mouse Models Human Disease(MMHD)7.Human Disease Glycomics/Proteome Initiative(HGPI)8.HUPO Cardiovascular Initiative(HUPO CVI)Domestic progressproteomics research formally initiated in 1998;In 2002,for the first time led the organization of thehuman liver proteome project,a major internationalcooperation project;In 2003,China Human Proteome Organization(CHHUPO)was established,and the first ChinaProteomics Conference was held in the same year;In 2004,the third international conference onproteomics was held in Beijing,China.The Ministry of Science and Technology haslisted proteome research in Chinas“973”and“863”plan projects；The NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)also listed“proteome research”as a key project.China has made great progress in proteomeresearch on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,leukemia,liver cancer and lung cancer.