(5.8.4)--ResearchontheSpatialVisualizatio.pdf
Research on the Spatial Visualization of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities a case study of Tujia nationalitys brocade“Silankapu”Gu Zhihui1 Zhang Yan1 Tian Shaoxu2*Ge Yi3 1 College of Architecture and Urban Planning，Shenzhen University，Shenzhen Guangdong 518060;2 College of Mass Communication,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Guangdong 518060;3 School of Environment，Nanjing University，Nanjing Jiangsu 210093)Abstract:Spatial visualization of the intangible cultural heritage would help to visualize its temporal and spatial evolution process and evaluate its ecological and cultural service functions.This paper takes the Tujia nationalitys brocade“Syracuse”as an example,through data collection and investigation,using GIS technology method,established the Tujia brocade spatial information database.Three dimensions of the inheritance relationship were selected from the non-material cultural heritage space to show its temporal and spatial changes and dominant area:space of use;the value of the arts;and the relationship of inheritance.This would support a technical and service platform for the further evaluation and planning management of intangible cultural heritage.Keywords:intangible cultural heritage;cultural space;relationship of inheritance;spatial visualization Introduction Intangible cultural heritage refers to all kinds of practices,concepts,expressions,knowledge and skills as well as relevant tools,objects,industrial products and cultural sites that are regarded as their cultural heritage by various groups,organizations and sometimes individuals.1This intangible cultural heritage is passed down from generation to generation and is constantly recreated as communities and groups adapt to their surroundings and interact with nature and history,providing these communities and groups with a sustained sense of identity that enhances respect for cultural diversity and human creativity.Intangible cultural heritage has typical historical features,is the collective memory of a nation or region,and is the link of cultural identity.Today,with the intensification of urbanization and globalization,the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage has attracted the attention of governments and scholars,and the research on spatial visualization has also become an important topic of academic attention.Through visualization technology,intangible cultural heritage can be displayed in a more intuitive way to reproduce the advancement and evolution of intangible cultural heritage in the historical space and time,and provide technical support for scientific management of intangible cultural heritage and comprehensive assessment of its geographical advantages.2This cultural mapping method can be used as a practical tool for participatory planning and development as well as a new research model.3 With the improvement of computer technology and the improvement of Geographic spatial Information database,research on the application of Geographic Information System(GIS)technology to reproduce the temporal and spatial change process of intangible cultural heritage,analyze its spatial distribution and evaluate service functions is also increasingly followed up.For example,Wu Kang took Huaiju Opera as an example to analyze the relationship between its spatial and temporal diffusion and traffic lines,and to reveal the evolution process and spatial differentiation of its cultural area.4Taking Rucheng Xianghuo Dragon as an example,Hu Chen et al.carried out landscape gene identification research on intangible cultural heritage in combination with traditional settlement landscape theory.5Wang Wei et al.took Hukou Qingyang Cavity as an example,In this paper,the spatio-temporal relationships between non-genetic successors based on the dimension of space-time are studied by superimposing social relations and spatial information.6Li Renjie et al.proposed the spatio-temporal database construction and map expression method of cultural landscape cultural carrier spatial database carrier union cultural landscape.Taking Yu County paper-cut as an example,they expressed its landscape semantics from four aspects:artist distribution space,art behavior space,art style space and art inheritance space.7Shariff and Zakaria take traditional food as the case,and use GIS,Google Map,Google Earth and other technical means to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution change process of intangible cultural heritage8.Nahuelhual et al.selected evaluation factors from the three dimensions of heritage value,knowledge system and social relations for agricultural heritage in southern Chile and carried out spatial mapping and comprehensive evaluation to evaluate its ecological and cultural value and provide theoretical basis for the protection planning of intangible cultural heritage9.By comparing the existing research work at home and abroad,it can be found that domestic research on the spatialization of intangible cultural heritage pays more attention to the visualization approach of its cultural space,while foreign research pays more attention to the visualization of evaluation factors related to cultural value,ecological value,service value and so on.1011The former contributes to the understanding of the temporal and spatial change process of intangible cultural heritage,while the latter can further provide the basis for the spatial management of intangible cultural heritage.The greatest characteristic of intangible cultural heritage lies in its immaterial nature and immaterial nature.How to express the spatial relationship of intangible cultural heritage is a common challenge faced by scholars.Therefore,it is necessary to construct more concepts and technical models for specific cultures.12In traditional arts and crafts,for example,some scholars think that the cultural space should at least include three aspects:(1)the formation of manual products,(2)the user participation,someone is using manual products,(3)people use handmade products production,living,entertainment,folk custom,worship and other activities,the formation of cultural sites with timeliness and spatiality13.When using handmade products made by manual skills,people are related to each other due to their activities,the relationship between people and the environment,and the relationship between people and the society,thus forming a kind of intangible cultural space.Some scholars also proposed to regard the cultural space of intangible cultural heritage as a cultural ecological field composed of various ecological elements from the perspective of ecological theory,so as to spatialize it14.It can be seen that the methods and contents of spatial visualization are different for different research purposes and different types of research objects.The spatial visualization of the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage for the purpose of inheriting excellent culture and value judgment can not only intuitively show the spatial-temporal evolution process of intangible cultural heritage,but also help to develop the spatial planning and management of intangible cultural heritage.Therefore,with the purpose of identifying the inheritance advantages of intangible cultural heritage,this paper intends to construct its spatial visualization system,and take the inheritance of Tujia brocade as an example to establish the inheritance database of Tujia brocade,so as to show its spatial-temporal evolution process and dominant space.Historical origin and development of tujia brocade the epitome of social development,mapping the tujia area from the native American ancestors of the original weaving to Sai cloth,LanGan shirting to spot cloth,cloth,creek cave is finalized for tujia brocade,this process should pass the tujia people just from the primitive to the modern,that is,from northwestern hunan native American ancestors to Sai migrating south,east,guest history of han into the cave,and fusion as a single nation tribes gather more experience.15 .Concept and method design Starting from the theory and method of cultural ecological service value assessment,the inheritance advantage of intangible cultural heritage mainly lies in the identification of the core area of its use space,the value advantage area of artistic and cultural system and the central area of social relations inheritance.1617Therefore,this paper divides the non-genetic inheritance relationship into three spatial dimensions to express:(1)Spatial distribution of use:namely,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and evolution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage in users and places of use;(2)Spatial characteristics of artistic skills:Subdivide the technical characteristics of intangible cultural heritage and analyze its spatial changing relationship;(3)Temporal and spatial expression of inheritance of social relations:it mainly expresses the social relations and temporal and spatial changes between successors.These three dimensions can perfectly express the temporal and spatial change relationship of intangible cultural heritage in inheritance,and also provide an intuitive analysis platform and basis for further analysis of its external influencing factors and internal driving mechanism.The inheritance of Tujia brocade is mainly family(family)inheritance and regional inheritance.This inheritance is a dynamic process of the spread,evolution and development of tujia brocade.In order to depict the cultural space of this intangible cultural heritage in detail,this paper collects the intangible cultural heritage Silankap through field investigation.The basic database of Tujia Brocade was built according to the expression needs of the above three dimensions by combining the topographic map data,administrative region,residential area,digital elevation model,water system and other basic elements.The basic contents are as follows:Table 1 Index framework of Tujia Brocade spatial database Information categories content Quantitative indicators The values Basic information Inheriting the point coordinates Latitude and longitude Inheriting relationship Inheritance people The number of Brocade people The number of Brocade point The number of The natural environment terrain highly m slope The degree of drainage distance m River basin category Human environment The traffic distance m culture The degree of localization From 1 to 5 The county town distance From 1 to 5 Art characteristics Pattern diversity Species number Species number Color richness The rating From 1 to 5 Brocade technique Twill/plain category .Research on inheritance relationship of Tujia Brocade 1.Spatial distribution of the intangible cultural heritage Silankapu reservation area Tujia brocade is a kind of folk handicraft with strong practicality.First of all,tujia brocade is mainly used to cover the face,and bedding is the most common daily necessities for people,everyone must,every day needs,real.Accordingly,of bedding warm,thick,durable reside first.Secondly,tujia brocade is also used in folk customs and sacrificial ceremonies.Tujia men wear tujia brocade to symbolize ancient armor when waving hands,and tujia brocade is displayed in the tujia Brocade hall to symbolize the symbol of the nation when waving hands.In particular,tujia people use the brocade of Tai Tai Hua to guard against white tiger,which reflects a strong folk function.In the first month of every year,the soil teacher Tima to have children under the age of 3 anbai Tiger,.Usually do not forget to cover the child with a skirt or cover,to prevent the white tiger cover.When a baby under one year of age goes on a long journey,he or she should draw a cross on his or her forehead with black soot and carefully cover it with a cover skirt of Tai Tai Hua,thinking that only in this way can he or she avoid the white tiger and protect his or her life from harm.18 With the passage of time and the change of times,tujia brocade has gone through many vicissitudes,leaving little.At present,it only exists in longshan,Yongshun,Baojing,Guzhang and Huayuan counties of Youshui Basin in the north of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province(referred to as the north of Xiangxi),and its core area is on both sides of The Carwash River of Youshui Tributary(As shown in Figure 1).In these areas,there is still a spontaneous weaving fashion in folk families,which has its obvious original nature and strong regional characteristics.It can be seen from the spatial and temporal distribution changes of the reservation area that the inheritance area has a trend of gradual shrinking.In addition to the social and economic development of historical reasons,there are also some natural geographical reasons.Superimposed analysis of regional geographical elements shows that there are obvious spatial differences between the main inheritance areas before the founding of the Peoples Republic of China and the current one(Table 2).The existing reserves are superior to the tujia brocade inheritance zone which has not been preserved until now in terms of natural topography,with lower altitude,slower slope and closer to the water system.This,to some extent,protects the external living environment of tujia brocade.On the other hand,from the distance of county roads and the degree of sinicization,the existing reserved areas are also obviously different from the reserved areas before the founding of new China.The degree of Sinicization is relatively low and the distance from the provincial road network is far.Due to the poor communication with foreign countries,the intangible cultural heritage is less impacted by the external environment,which plays a certain role in protecting the intangible cultural heritage.Table 2 Spatial differences of natural and social characteristics of Tujia Brocade Reservation area before and after the founding of New China An average elevation of The average slope of Distance from drainage Distance from provincial road network The degree of localization Reservations before 1949 533 19.18 5.67 km 4.18 km 4.3 Existing reserve 395 12.65 1.53 km 7.16 km 3.2 FIG.1 Spatial distribution of the inheritance region of Xi Lankapp-The Two largest tributaries of Youshui River are Chushe River and Mengdong River 2.Intangible cultural heritage Silankapp art style inheritance space Tujia brocade is one of the most popular handicrafts in The Tujia region of Western Hunan.It penetrates into the villages and villages of The Tujia region and takes the family as the basic unit to be passed down from generation to generation.In the traditional sense,tujia brocade is mainly for families to weave their own brocade for their own use.Most of them prepare dowries and gifts for themselves and their daughters marriage and full moon,so the number of brocade is limited.With the exception of a few complex patterns,there is no secret sauce for the weaving of ordinary silankarp patterns.In the process of inheriting Tujia
