农药学互动问题及答案 (19).pdf
Group UN:Compoundsof unknown or uncertainmode of action12C Propargite12D Tetradifon12BOrganotin miticidesDiafenthiuronAzocyclotinCyhexatinFenbutatin oxidePropargiteTetradifon12A DiafenthiuronBensultapThiocyclamThiosultap-sodiumCartaphydrochlorideChlorfenapyrDNOC14 NereistoxinanaloguesAmitrazHydramethylnon20A Hydramethylnon20B AcequinocylAcequinocyl20C FluacrypyrimFluacrypyrimFenazaquinFenpyroximatePyrimidifenPyridabenTebufenpyradTolfenpyradRotenone21A METI acaricides and insecticides21B RotenoneIndoxacarbMetaflumizone22AOxadiazines22BSemicarbazones23 Tetronic&Tetramic acid derivativesSpirodiclofenSpiromesifen24APhosphidesAluminiumphosphide24B CyanidesCyanidesaltsCalciumphosphideZincphosphidePhosphineAlPAzadirachtinDicofolBromopropylateBenzoximateSpirotetramat 19AmitrazChlorantraniliprole R=ClCyantraniliprole R=CNSOOIONHNHOCF3CF3FFlubendiamideGroup 11:Microbial disruptorsof insect midgut membranesGroup 12:Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthaseGroup 13:Uncouplers of oxidative phos-phorylation via disruption of proton gradientGroup 14:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)channel blockersGroup 19:Octopaminereceptor agonistsGroup 20:Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitorsGroup 21:Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitorsGroup 22:Voltage-dependentsodium channel blockersGroup 23:Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylaseGroup 24:Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitorsCyenopyrafen25A beta-Ketonitrile derivativesSulfluramidCyflumetofen11A Bacillus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensisand the insecticidal proteins producedB.t.israelensis,B.t.aitzawai,B.t.kurstaki,B.t.tenebrionisBt crop proteins*Cry1Ab,Cry1Ac,Cry1Fa,Cry1A.105,Cry2Ab,Vip3A,mCry3A,Cry3Ab,Cry 3Bb,Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1Bacillus sphaericusIncludes transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins(however,specific guidance for resistance management of transgenic crops is not based on rotation of modes of action)11BBacillus sphaericusDifferent B.t.products that target different insect orders may be usedtogether without compromising their resistance management.Rotation between certain specific B.t.microbial products mayprovide resistance management benefits for some pests.Consultproduct-specific recommendations.*Where there are differences among the specific receptors within themidguts of target insects,transgenic crops containing certain combinationsof these proteins provide resistance management benefits.Poster Edition 7,August 2019.Based on the MoA Classification Version 9Ca3P2PH3Zn3P2CN-C CC Cl l3 3C Cl lC Cl lOHOHO OO ON NO OO OC Cl lO OO OO OS SO OO OS SO OO OC Cl lC Cl lC Cl lC Cl lO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO ON NN NO OC CF F3 3F F3 3C CN NN NN NH HH HN NC CF F3 3C CN NO ON NN NO ON NC CO OO OO OO OF F3 3C CN NS SS SS SS SO OO OO OO ON NS SS SN NH H2 2O ON NH H2 2O OH HC Cl lN NS SS SS SO O3 3N Na aS SO O3 3N Na aN NS SS SS SN NC CN NB Br rF F3 3C CC Cl lO OOHOHN NO O2 2O O2 2N NO ON NH HN NH HS SS Sn nN NN NN NS Sn nO OH HS Sn nO OS Sn nPyflubumide25B Carboxanilides13Pyrroles,Dinitrophenols,SulfluramidBifenazateO OH HN NN NH HO OO O20D BifenazateFlonicamid29 Flonicamid28 Diamides10AClofentezine,Diflovidazin,Hexythiazox10BEtoxazoleClofentezineEtoxazoleGroup 10:Mite growth inhibitorsaffecting CHS1 PymetrozinePyrifluquinazonDiflovidazin9B PyridineazomethinederivativesGroup 9:Chordotonalorgan TRPV channel modulatorsGroup 25:Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitorsGroup 28:Ryanodine receptor modulators29:Chordotonal organ modulators undefined target siteChinomethionatN NN NS SS SO OPyridalylOOONClClCF3ClClS CaSX(Lime sulfur)SulfursHexythiazox8A Alkyl halides8BChloropicrin8CFluoridesChloropicrinMethyl bromide Tartar emeticBorax8DBorates8ETartar emeticCryoliteNa2B4O710H2O8F Methyl isothiocyanategeneratorsDazometSulfurylfluorideMetamGroup 8:Miscellaneous non-specific(multi-site)inhibitorsAfidopyropen9D Pyropenes15 BenzoylureasFlufenoxuronLufenuronTeflubenzuronDiflubenzuronGroup 15:Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1)Cyclaniliprole30 GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulatorsBroflanilideFluxametamide31 BaculovirusesCydia pomonella GVThaumatotibialeucotreta GVAnticarsia gemmatalis MNPVHelicoverpa armigera NPV32 Nicotinic AcetylcholineReceptor(nAChR)Allosteric Modulators-Site IIGS-omega/kappaHXTX-Hv1apeptideUNFFungal agents ofunknown or uncertainMoAUNMNon-specific mechanical disruptorsUNBBacterial agents(non-Bt)of unknown or uncertain MoAUNEBotanical essence including synthetic,extracts and unrefined oils with unknown or uncertain MoABeauveria bassiana strainsMetarhizium anisopliae strain F52,Paecilomyces fumosoroseusApopka strain 97Diatomaceous earthBurkholderia spp,Wolbachia pipientis(Zap)Chenopodium ambrosioidesnear ambrosioidesextractFatty acid monoesters with glycerol or propanediolNeem oilMancozebUse of Groups and Sub-Groups:Alternations,sequences or rotations of compounds between MoA groups reduce selection for target site resistance.Applications are arranged into MoA spray windows defined by crop growth stage and pest biology.Several sprays of a compound may be possible within each spray window,but successive generations of a pest should not betreated with compounds from the same MoA group.Local expert advice should always be followed with regard to spray windows and timing.Groups in the classification whose members do not act at a common target site are exempt from the proscription against rotationwithin the group.These are,Group 8,Group 13 and all the UN groups:UN,UNB,UNE,UNF,UNM,UNP&UNV.Sub-groups represent distinct structural classes which are believed to have the same mode of action.Sub-groups provide differentiation between compounds that may bind at the same target site but are structurally different enoughthat risk of metabolic cross-resistance is lower than for close chemical analogs.Cross-resistance potential between sub-groups is higher than between groups,so rotation between sub-groups should be considered only when there are no alternatives,and only if cross-resistance does not exist,following consultation with local expert advice.These exceptions are not sustainable,and alternative options should be sought.Sub-group 3B:DDT is no longer used in agriculture and therefore this is only applicable for the control of insect vectors of human disease,such as mosquitoes,because of a lack of alternatives.Sub-group10A:Hexythiazox is grouped with clofentezine because they exhibit cross-resistance even though they are structurallydistinct.Diflovidazin has been added to this group because it is a close analogue of clofentezine and is expected to have the samemode of action.3A Pyrethroids PyrethrinsDeltamethrinlambda-cyhalothrinBifenthrinalpha-cypermethrinEsfenvalerateTefluthrinEtofenproxPermethrinDDTMethoxychlor3B DDT,Methoxychlor4ANeonicotinoidsAcetamipridClothianidinDinotefuranImidaclopridNitenpyramThiaclopridThiamethoxam4BNicotineNicotine5 SpinosynsSpinetoram6 Avermectins&MilbemycinsGroup 3:Sodium channel modulators(Only major representatives of group 3A are shown)Group 4:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR)competitive modulators Group 6:Glutamate-gated chloride channel(GluCl)allosteric modulators major component R2=Ethylminor component R2=Methyl 4CSulfoximinesSulfoxaflorGroup 5:Nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor(nAChR)allosteric modulatorssite I SpinosadFlupyradifurone4DButenolidesmajor component R=Ethylminor component R=Methyl O OO OO OO OR RO OO OH HOHOHH HH HH HH HO OO OO OO OR RO OO OH HO OH HH HH HH HH HN NO OO OO OO OO OH HO OO OO OO OH HN NO OMilbemectinLepimectinAbamectin R1=Emamectinbenzoate R1=major component R=Hminor component R=CH3major component R=H,5,6 singleminor component R=CH3,5,6 double1BOrganophosphatesChlorpyrifosDimethoateProfenofosAcephateFenitrothionTriazophos1ACarbamatesMethomylAldicarbCarbofuranCarbarylThiodicarbOxamylMethiocarbGroup 1:Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitors(Only major representatives of the groups are shown)MalathionMethamidophosPirimicarb4EMesoionicsTriflumezopyrimGranuloviruses&NucleopolyhedrovirusesMeta-diamides&Isoxazolines2B Phenylpyrazoles(Fiproles)2A CyclodieneOrganochlorinesChlordaneEndosulfanFipronilEthiproleGroup 2:GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists7A Juvenile hormone analogues7B Fenoxycarb7C PyriproxyfenKinoprene R1=propargyl,R2=HHydropreneR1=ethyl,R2=HMethoprene R1=isopropyl,R2 OCH3FenoxycarbPyriproxyfenGroup 7:Juvenile hormone mimicsIRAC document protected by CopyrightInsecticide Resistance Action CommitteeMode of Action ClassificationNerve&Muscle Growth&DevelopmentRespirationMidgutUnknown or Non-specific Key to Targeted Physiology(Only major representatives of group are shown)ChromafenozideHalofenozideTebufenozide18 DiacylhydrazinesGroup 18:Ecdysone receptor agonistsBuprofezinCyromazine16 Buprofezin17 CyromazineGroup 17:Moulting disruptors,DipteranGroup 16:Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis,type 1MethoxyfenozideNovaluronPoster Notes:Groups 26 and 27 are unassigned.The poster is for educational purposes only.Information presented is accurate to the best of our knowledge at the time of publication,but IRAC or its member companies cannot accept responsibility for how this information is used or interpreted.Advice should always be sought from local experts or advisors,and health and safety recommendations followed.In some cases only representative compounds in Groups are shown where indicated.Please visit www.irac-online.org for the complete IRAC classification.TetraniliproleSpiropidion
