(5.6.1)--31-Lesson31：WindingandMagnificen.pdf

Winding and MagnificentThe Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty of Garden on the Yangtze Delta Hello everyone!Today,Lets talk about the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty of garden on the Yangtze Delta.As usual,Lets first introduce the historical origin of the garden.What we are going to talk about today is the Huanxiu Villa.,and the historical origin of the Huanxiu mountain resort.1.The historical origin of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty is located on Jingde road in Suzhou.It is the site of Jin-Gu Yuan where Guangling king Qian Yuanliao in Wuyue Kingdom of the Five Dynasties.In the Song dynasty,Zhu Changwen built Le-Pu Garden and rebuilt it into Jingde Temple,Academy and Government Agency.It was the Shen Shihang mansion in Ming dynasty.In Qing dynasty,the descendants of Shen Shihang rebuilt it and named it Qu-Yuan Garden.In Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty,Jiang Ji got the garden folds the stone and digging the pool.Then the garden is already beginning to take shape.In Jiaqing Period of Qing Dynasty,the prime minister Sun Shiyi bought the garden and he invited Ge Yuliang who is famous for folds the stone,making rockeries in the garden.In Daoguang Period of Qing Dynasty,the Wangs owned the garden and the east part of the garden is called the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty,also named Yi-Yuan Garden.After that,the garden gradually abandoned.After the founding of the country,only the Make-up Autumn Gallery,the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion and the rockery made by Ge Yuliang were lasted and the area of them are less than 2 Mu.The government organized the restoration of the garden in 1979,and make the garden what we can see today.Ok,after quickly finishing introducing the historical origin of the garden,were going to talk about that:2.The main gardening feature of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty In the lecture about the Humble Administrators Garden,we told about the site planning.So,what about the site planning of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty?First of all,the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty is a small garden,so its hard to dig a large-scale pool like the Humble Administrators Garden.Secondly,the Humble Administrators Garden borrowed scenery from the North Temple Pagoda outside of the garden.But the outside of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty also not have the beautiful scenery to borrowed.So you can imagine the difficulty of building the garden.How these problems are solved in the process of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty construction?It found a new way,which is different with other Suzhou traditional gardens.In the past,water is the center of the layout.But it centers on mountain,and the rockery area accounts for one third of the total garden area.The mountain is the main part,the water is auxiliary part.Make an rockery and a pool water together with lake,mountain,pool,tree and buildings,makes the multiple into one and beautiful views emerge in an endless stream.There are few buildings in the garden,but the buildings are well spaced,and the arrangement of the distance and height of them are appropriate and elegant,which presents the mountains multiply and streams double back.Walking through the garden,it makes the viewer feel view the venue and change and change in various forms.The views of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty is not only can long-distance appreciation,but also can close-distance appreciation.It can be said that:“remarkable and unparalleled in the Yangtze Delta”.The lakeside rocks and rockeries in the garden are known as the best rockery in Suzhou traditional garden，it also be rated as ranking first.Due to the terrain conditions,the mountain and pool layout twists and turns.Some part of the pool run through the rockery,which forms stream.The contrast of opening and closing of space is extremely strong.Opens and closes,contracts and releases,Between the Virtuality and the Reality is full of change and strong sense of rhythm.Although the views of the mountains and pools of various changes but not complicated,multiple but not repeated.The garden constructed and layout is strictly and complete,which conforms to the principle of Chinese landscape painting,such as starting,changing and knot.As Da Chongguang said in the Piece of Water Painting in the Tricks of Painting:“Mountains and water combine and accomplish each other.Mountains are connected by rivers and waterways,and the waterways that connect them can also highlight the mountains posture.”.The rockery is located in the east part of the garden,and the pool regarded as a basis on differentiating between the main mountain in the east of the pool and the secondary mountain in north of the pool.Although the rockeries were repaired by later generations,but it still maintain its original style.The main mountain is located in the east of the pool,and the Aqua Tail extends to the northeast.In the east of the garden was is surrounded by a high wall,the edge of the walls like clouds.The wall cutting off the garden from the outside,which is like a frame.We can see a garden window on the wall from the picture.In the west of the garden is the veranda,which runs through the north-south of the garden.One side of the veranda is against the wall,and the other side of the veranda is face the rockery and construct an open space.The space become the best place to enjoy the view of the garden,and form a contrast of concave and convex with the lakeside rocks and rockeries.Lets look at the plan.The Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion is the main feature of the garden and located in the middle of the garden.The pavilion is surrounded by water with handrail.There are small round table and stools in the middle of the garden,which not only offer visitors to rest,but also to enjoy the view of the garden.Stand in the pavilion youll feel the wind bracing you and the scenery is as beautiful as a painting.Two sides of the pavilion are connected with the zigzag veranda.The side face us is connects with the verandas to Three Winding Bridge in the southwest corner of the garden.And the left side of the pavilion go to the Make-up Autumn Gallery.For another side,you can see the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty Hall is a four-sides hall,which is the main building of the garden.The Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion and Hall view in opposite place.A small compact space was enclosed by the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion,the Make-up Autumn Gallery,the lakeside rocks and rockeries,the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty Hall and veranda.The layout is ingenious,made a closed and peaceful world.Expect these landscape architectures we told above,there is a small pavilion behind the rockery,which is near the mountain and by the river,and a small cliff stone pool beside it.With the meaning:“the green and rippling pool,reflection of clear water”.So this pavilion named the Half Pond of Autumn Water One Fang Mountain.Chen Congzhou thought highly of the rockery in the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty:“Landscape garden have not seen this rockery,like poets dont know Li Bai and Du Fu”.Ok,we are going to talk about:3.The“unparalleled in Jiangnan”lakeside rocks and rockeries of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty Lets talk the lakeside rocks and rockeries of the garden.This rockery is folded by Ge Yuliang who is the great master of folds the stone in Qing dynasty.The whole rockery was built through the texture and natural shapes of stones.And the rockery is mainly based on large standing rock and partly on small rock.As traditional Chinese painting have always said:“Daring painting,careful treatment.”The rockery is man-made but it just like made by nature itself.Ge Yuliang has inherit and carry forward Shi Taos conception flavor,who is a great Chinese landscape painter in Qing dynasty.The rockery not only has the posture of distant hill,but also has the clear texture of the hill.The skeleton of the whole rockery are large and vertical stones.The vertical stones is design as a vertical stone walls.At top of the rockery,contracts the stones to simulate peak,and present the artistic conception of the peak inserted vertically into the river edge.The texture of rockery look like the axe and chop Cun of Chinese landscape painting.The front shape of the rockery in the garden,just like the Lion Mountain in the west of Suzhou.The main peak is ahead outstanding,and the secondary peak is backdrop.These peaks are magnificent and steep,echoing with each other.The main peak is located in the southwest corner of the rockery about 7.2 meters high and along the northeast direction rise parallel.The unbroken main peak,which makes it not only towering but also pulsing.Around the main peak,there are also three lower peaks to be the foil.It can be said that the primary and secondary position are very appropriate.From east to west,it suddenly broke off into hanging cliffs and ends at the pool.At the end of the back mountain extended endless,but it cut by the wall suddenly.This is the typical style of mountain landscape in the early Qing dynasty.“The rockery seems to be at the foot of a mountain,and cuts off the creek and valley.”At the same time,the foot of the rockery and the pool are connects,which is like the source of the spring.The gentle water is compared with the majestic rocks,which is natural and vivid.Just as Wen Zhengheng wrote in the Water and Stone of the Superfluous Things:“Water makes people feel distant,stone makes people feel aging,water and stone in the garden,these are the most important.”Hard and soft,stillness and motion set each other off becomes an interest.At last,what we are going to talk about is“be snatched from the jaws of death”rockery in the he Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty,which is a good example of overall arrangement in Suzhou traditional garden.The whole rockery using the empty belly of the rockery method,to present the vigorous of the mountain.And set up the caves and valleys in the empty part of the rockery.Two deep glens located between the front of the main mountain and back mountain.One is a mountain stream flow from the northwest to the southeast,the other is a valley which from the east to the west.The mountain streams joined the center of the mountain,is a T-shaped,which divided the rockery into three.The outside of the rockery is full of peaks,and the inside of the rockery is empty spirit.If you do not enter the rockery,you will never find the cave.To create the artistic conception of“Mountains multiply,streams double back I doubt theres even a road”.The front of the rockery is made entirely of the stones,the outside of the rockery is unbroken and as a whole.The rockery with long rugged ranges,and the inside of the rockery is empty spirit.Between the front mountain and the back mountain its the wall built by lakeside stones.And form a valley about 1.5m wide and 4-6m high.There is a cave and a room in the north and south mountain,and the stone cave is connected with the path in the south mountain full with various aesthetics.The top of the mountain stream combined with flat stone beam.All sides set off each other,one must be principal and the other secondary,have layers and depth.Moreover because the mountain is solid and the valley is virtual,so there is a strong strength contrast.Ok,Lets take a look at this picture.The front mountain is undulating mountainous is built by lakeside stones.The top of the mountain stream combined with flat stone beam,adjusts to the shape of the mountain design the interchange road.Lets take a look at this picture.On the top of the picture,the stone beam is set up above the valley,then the valley turns into a cave.Lets move the line of sight down,looking west from the valley gap,we can see the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion that located in west of the rockery.Keep the line of sight move down.Between the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion and main rockery,there is a pool.If you want to go to the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion,you need to go round the Three Winding Bridge or pass the Make-up Autumn Gallery.It just what we always said:“within sight but beyond reach”.Ok,Finish talking about the main mountain,lets talk about the secondary mountain.The secondary mountain cling to the wall,the water side of the mountain is cliff,as the Flying Snow Spring ruins.The cliff beside the water bears the inscription“Flying Snow”.The Flying Snow Spring used to be a famous spring in Suzhou traditional gardens.In the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty,Jiang Ji got the garden,he folded the stone and dug the pool,then got the spring which water is clean.The name of the spring come from Su Shis poem about Sencha in the examination hall:“The powder of tea in grinding falling down,the powder spinning in the Tea Soup as flying snow”.The Flying Snow Spring is silted up and only some traces can be seen of it.The later generations use it as the source of the mountain stream in the rockery.There are dangerous and ingenious stepping stones in the mountain stream,after rain the waterfall ran down among the pool and the belly of the main mountain.Though the stone wall is small in size,but the cave,gully,stream and cliff are all included as a self-contained.Together with the main mountain,one original and one copy full with romantic charm.There is a rocks path between the walls connect with the Side building.We can follow the rocks path to the waters edge,which is extremely steep.Best of all,there are handrails in the right place on the rock wall.This arrangement is just right and without leaving marks.It is so astonishing about the extraordinary ingenuity of the gardeners.At the end of the mountain path the rock with water waves looming which is full of the natural interest.Throughout the rockery in the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty,here are three characteristics of the rockery:1.The scenery and space of the mountain are varied:Though the mountain is in small size,but it can change in various forms.The total area of the mountain only 300 square meters,but the setting of the tour route and twists and turns.The tour route having 70 meters length.There are paths,caves,valleys,stream,stone rooms,single-span bridge and cliffs etc.View from the outside of the rockery,the rockery,the Putting a Question to the Spring Pavilion,the Make-up Autumn Gallery and the Half Pond of Autumn Water One Fang Mountain or near or far,high and low.Present“The shape of the mountain changed at every step”and“The shape of the mountain changed at every direction”effect.2.Done by man,as if since it is made:from part to whole,imitate the karst landform of limestone formed structure and texture.The rockery is similar to the real mountain.Though the size of the rockery is small,but it can summarize the image of the mountainous and stone cave of the nature in limited space.3.The whole rockery has dense structure and th