中科院考博英语形近词辨析.doc

形近词辨析A1adept adopt adaptadeptadj（与 at， in 连用）熟练的；精通的She was adept at the fine art of irritating peoplen内行；老手adoptvt收养；采取；采用They adopted our methods正式通过；采纳The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favor to 10 against itadaptvt使适应；使适合He adapted himself to the cold weatherWhen he moved to Canada， the children adapted to the change very well2adopted adoptiveadoptedadj 被收养的，被采纳的an adopted childan adopted adviceadoptiveadj收养（孩子）的an adoptive mother3averse adverseaverseadj（常与to连用）嫌恶的I am not averse to a dance party and a good mean after a week's hard workThe minister is averse to/from flatteryadverseadj不利的；相反的an adverse decisionAdverse circumstances compelled him to close his business4affection affectationaffectionn友爱，爱情，影响，疾病，倾向affectationn假装，虚饰，做作5altitude latitude longitude multitude attitude aptitudealtituden（海拔）高度At high altitudes of Tibet it is difficult to breathe高处The plane flew at an altitude of 20000 metreslatituden纬度，范围， (用复数)地区，行动或言论的自由(范围)longituden经度，经线multituden多数，群众attituden姿势；态度People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely看法；意见What is the Municipal Authority's attitude to the proposal of a tunnel across the river?aptituden能力；才能；天资6angle angelanglen角；角度a right angle角落；墙角；棱角观点；看法；看问题的角度to consider all angles of the questionThe professor angled his report to suit the audience he was speaking tovt转动一个角度to angle a camera带成见地描述（某事）He angles his reports to please his editor in chief用钩和钓钓鱼He is keen on angling （与 for 连用）运用手段获得，攫取angeln天使；守护神；仁慈、漂亮的女人7announce denounce renounce pronounceannouncevt通告；发表；宣布，宣告The captain announced that the plane was going to landdenouncevt揭发；告发；斥责renouncevt正式放弃He renounced his claim to the property宣布断绝关系He renounced his religionronouncevt& vi发音；发出音How do you pronounce c-l-e-r-k? 宣称；宣告；断言The expert pronounced the picture to be a forgeryEveryone pronounced the party to be very good（常与on， for， against， in favor of连用）法宣判The judge pronounced sentence on the prisoner8 annual annul annualadj每年的；一年一次的an annual eventannulvt取消，废除（婚姻、契约等）9apposite oppositeappositeadj适当的oppositeadj相对的，对面的，对立的，相反的，对等的；对应的n相反的事物10appraise apprise praiseappraisevt评估，评价，鉴定apprisevt通知；告知She was apprised of our arrival The secretary came to apprise us that the erection of the monster machine had been successfully completedpraisevt赞美；赞扬；歌颂；赞颂She praised her daughter's hard work11apprehensive comprehensiveapprehensiveadj忧虑的；担心的apprehensive for sb's safetycomprehensiveadj全面的；广泛的；包含内容多的；详尽的The state government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry12 argument augmentargumentn争论，辩论，论据，论点， (for，against)，意见augmentvt& vi增大；增加13 ascribe describe prescribe subscribeinscribe proscribeascribevt归因于，归咎于describevt描写，记述，形容，形容v描述prescribevt&vi开药方；处方；命令；规定The law prescribes what should be doneWhat punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?The doctor prescribed total abstinencesubscribevt& vi（常与to，for连用）捐款；捐助；订购（报纸、杂志等）（常与 to 连用）同意，赞同inscribevt（常与 in，on，with 连用）题写；铭刻She inscribed her own name on the textbook（常与to连用）题名This book I inscribe to my old comrades-in-armsproscribevt禁止14 assent ascentassentvi（常与to连用）同意ascentn上升，(地位，声望等的)提高，攀登，上坡路15dissent descent decentdissentvi（常与 from 连用）持异议；不同意；意见不一致He and I dissented from each other in choosinga suitable candidatedescentn下降；下滑；降下；下来；血统；遗传He traces his descent from an old Norman familydecentadj体面的，合适的16 assume resume consume presumeassumevt假定；假设I assume you always get up at the same time采用；承担to assume new dutiesresumen摘要，概略，<美>履历vt再继续，重新开始，重新占用，再用，恢复consumevt& vi吃，喝；消耗；消费；花费His old car consumed much gasoline毁灭；烧毁The fire soon consumed the old woodenbuildings in the neighborhoodpresumevt&vi（常与 that 连用）假定；假设；认为I presume from your speech that you are aforeignerYou must presume no such thing当作；姑且认为If a person is missing for 7 years， he is presumed dead（常与 to + inf 连用）放肆；擅作主张A servant ought not to presume（与 on， upon 连用）指望；寄希望于We must not presume too mush on the reliability of such sources17avocation vocation vacationavocationn(个人)副业，业余爱好vocationn职业；行业；天职；使命vacationn假期I worked in a small beachside restaurantduring the college vacation18authentic authoritativeauthentic真实的：与事实相符并且值得相信、信赖的：an authentic account by an eyewitness真正的：有着经证实的来源或创作者的；非伪造的或非复制的：an authentic medieval sword一把真正的中世纪剑authoritativeadj（形容词）官方的：有着或由政府发起的；官方的：an authoritative decree；authoritative sources权威性的：拥有公认的精确性或优秀性的；极可信赖的：an authoritative account of the revolution专断的：行使权力的；命令的：the captain's authoritative manner19adjoin adjacent adjournadjoinvt毗连；临近；贴近Our house adjoins theirsadjacentadj(与 to 连用）相邻的，邻近的adjournvt& vi延期；休会，会议暂停The meeting will be adjourned till next Wednesday20admire admiraladmirev赞美，钦佩，羡慕admiraln海军上将，舰队司令，旗舰21adore adornadorevt崇拜；敬爱；敬重；非常喜欢He adores the cinemaShe adores going to the volleyball matchadornvt装饰She likes to adorn herself with jewels增加的重要性或吸引力He tried to adorn his story with a lot of lies22 appliance applicant applicationappliancen用具，器具applicantn申请者，请求者applicationn请求，申请，申请表，应用，运用23alley allyalleyn小路，巷， (花园里两边有树篱的)小径allyv结盟，与(在血统，性质等上)有关联，同盟n同盟国，支持者24accession accessaccessionn就职，就任，添加，增加accessn通路，访问，入门vt存取，接近B1 bull bullybulln公牛，粗壮如牛的人；乐观进取的人；胡扯；废话bullyvt威吓；欺侮；以强凌弱He's always bullying smaller boys2bandage bondagebandagen绷带bondagen奴役，束缚3bread beadbread n面包4bump dump jump hump lump plump pumpbumpn 撞击，肿块v碰(伤)，撞(破)，颠簸dumpvt倾倒(垃圾)，倾卸n堆存处jumpn跳跃，上涨，惊跳vt跳跃，跃过，突升，使跳跃vi跳跃，暴涨humpn驼峰，驼背，小园丘，峰丘v(使)隆起，弓起lumpn块（尤指小块），肿块，笨人vt使成块状，混在一起plumpadj圆胖的，丰满的，鼓起的vt突然放下，使丰满，使鼓起vi变丰满，鼓起pumpn泵，抽水机vt(用泵)抽(水)，抽吸5beach breach bleachbeachn海滨；湖滨；河滩The little beach hotel has a pleasant ambientbreachn（常与 of 连用）违背；不履行；破坏in breach of contractYour company is in breach of the contractbleachvt&vi使变白Did you bleach this table cloth?bead n珠子，水珠 vt祈祷6bride bribebride n新娘bribe n&vt贿赂7boom broomboom n&v繁荣，兴旺broom n扫帚8buffet bufferbuffetn餐具柜，小卖部，殴打，打击vt连续地打击搏斗buffervt缓冲、缓和C1censor censurecensorn检查员vt检查，审查censurev责难n责难2cession sessioncessionn割让，转让， 律让与(他人)债权sessionn（官方机构的）会议，会期，开会期The general session approved the report of the investigation committee学期；大学的学期3 clash crush crashclashn冲突，撞击声，抵触the clash of weaponsclash of interestsa clash with the policeI failed to go to her wedding because it clashed with my examination 战斗It is broadcast that the two armies clashed near the borderline again before dawnvi& vt冲突The enemy armies clashed（事情）在时间上相冲突It's a pity the two concerts clash （常与 with 连用）（色彩）不协调This shirt clashes with your trouserscrushvt& vi压碎；压坏；碾碎；挤压；塞to crush one's way through the crowd破坏；镇压；压服to crush all oppositioncrashn碰撞，坠落，坠毁，撞击声，爆裂声v碰撞，坠落，坠毁， (指商业公司，政府等)&破产，垮台4 classic classicalclassicn杰作，名著adj第一流的classicaladj古典的，正统派的，古典文学的5 clench clinchclench vt&vi紧合；咬紧（牙关）；捏紧（拳头）She clenched her teeth when she was operated on紧握；抓牢The girl clenched her money in her handclinchvt& vi敲弯钉头钉牢；钉住；把（木头）钉牢在一起；确定；决定（贸易等）；达成买卖或合同The two companies clinched the deal quicklyThe offer of more money clinched it for herShe agree to undertake the job as the assistant to the managing director6coarse hoarse roarcoarseadj粗的；粗糙的；未精炼的；（表面）不光滑的 coarse cloth粗鲁的；鲁莽的；不礼貌的coarse talkhoarseadj嘶哑的His voice was hoarse after talking for an hourroarn吼声；咆哮声the roar of an angry lionThe lion gave a loud roar7 canvass canvascanvasn粗帆布；一块油画布The young artist showed me his recent canvasescanvassn细查，讨论，劝诱vt彻底检查，细究，向拉票或拉生意，讨论vi游说，拉选票8 cannon canoncannonn加农炮；大炮canonn教规，宗教法规9 credible credulouscredibleadj可信的；可靠的credulousadj轻信别人的10continual continuouscontinualadj连续的Recently the young couple have continual arguments with each other for triflescontinuousadj不断的continuous rain all day11collide colludecollidevi互撞；碰撞；（车、船等）猛撞The two trains collided冲突；反对；强烈抵触(with)colludevi共谋；勾结；串通(with)12 comment commendcommentn注释，评论，意见vi注释，评论(on )commendvt称赞，表扬，推荐，委托，吸引13 compel expel propel repelcompelvt强迫，迫使expelvt赶走：驱逐或把赶出去：expel an invader排出：从容器里或象从容器里释放；被迫离开；把除名：expelled the student from college for cheatingSee Synonyms at eject propelvt推进，推动；驱策repelvt击退；逐退to repel an attack 使厌恶；使反感His accent repels me14 contemporary temporarycontemporary n同时代的人adj当代的，同时代的temporaryadj暂时的，临时的，临时性15 contemptuous contemptiblecontemptuousadj（常与 of 连用）表示轻蔑的；傲慢的a contemptuous lookcontemptibleadj卑劣的It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher!It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend! 16 confer infer refer prefer deferconfervt授予(称号、学位等)on，赠与，把赠与，协议v协商，交换意见(on)The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accidentinfervt推断；推知；推论to infer an unknown fact from a known factI infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yetrefervt& vi（常与to连用）涉及；提到；针对；有关The new law does not refer to farm land提交；交付The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturersprefervt（常与to连用）更喜欢；宁愿to prefer coffee to Which of these two dresses do you prefer?defervt推迟；延期vt（与to连用）服从；顺从Do you always defer to your parents wishes?17 consequent subsequentconsequentadj作为结果的subsequentadj随后的，后来的；继起的18 conventional convenientconventionaladj惯例的，常规的，习俗的，传统的convenientadj便利的，方便的19 confidant confidante confident confidentialconfidantn知己男友confidanten知己的女友confidentadj确信的；有信心的；自信的Peter is confident of winning the post as the assistant to the managing directorconfidentialadj机密的；秘密的a confidential order参与机密的；视为心腹的a confidential secretary20 convert divert invert revert reverseconvertvt（常与 into 连用）转变；变换to convert an old house into a new oneThat building has been converted into a school兑换I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars改变信仰、党派或意见等She managed to convert him to her opiniondivertvt转向；转移A ditch diverted water from the stream into the fieldsTraffic was ordered to divert to another road because of the repair of the main roadThe government is planning to divert the river to supply water to the townA loud noise from the street diverted my attentioninvertvt置于相反位置；上下倒置The little boy caught the insect by inverting the cup over itrevertvi（与to连用）恢复原状；回复；回到（原来话题）；（财产等）归复，归还reversevt倒退；倒转He reversed the car翻转She reversed the paper改变；使成相反的东西He reversed the judgment and set the prisoner free after all21 counsel consul councilcounseln讨论，商议，辩护律师vt劝告，忠告consuln领事counciln政务会，理事会，委员会，参议会，讨论会议，顾问班子，立法班子22conscious conscientiousconsciousadj有意识的；神志清醒的He is hurt but still conscious了解的；察觉的She was not conscious of his presence in the room刻意的：故意设计或做的；刻意的：a conscious insult。made a conscious effort to speak more clearly。conscientiousadj凭良心的；谨慎的；尽责的a conscientious piece of workBe conscientious and make a good job of publishing 23 cosmic comiccosmicadj宇宙的comicn滑稽演员adj滑稽的，喜剧的24 commerce commencecommercen商业commencev开始，着手25 complexion complexcomplexionn面色，肤色，情况，局面complexadj复杂的，合成的，综合的26 compulsive compulsorycompulsiveadj强制的，强迫的，由强迫产生的，禁不住的compulsoryadj必需做的，必修的，被强迫的，被强制的，义务的D1 decease diseasedeceasen死亡diseasen疾病，弊病2 definite definitivedefiniteadj明确的，一定的definitiveadj最后的，确定的，权威性的3 desert dessertdesertn沙漠，应得的赏罚，功过adj沙漠的，不毛的，荒凉的vt放弃，遗弃，逃跑vi逃掉，逃亡，开小差dessertn餐后甜点4 desirable desirousdesirableadj值得做的；值得想望的；值得弄到手的It is most desirable that he should attend the conferencedesirousadj（与of连用）渴望的，想的5 diary dairydiaryn日记dairyn牛奶场，奶品场，售牛奶，奶油6 diploma diplomat diplomacy diplomaticdiploman文凭，毕业证书，证明权力、特权、荣誉等的证书，奖状diplomatn外交官，有外交手腕的人，有权谋的人diplomacyn外交diplomaticadj外交的，老练的7 disclaim reclaim exclaim proclaim acclaim claimdisclaimv放弃，弃权，拒绝reclaimvt要求归还，收回，开垦exclaimv呼喊，惊叫，大声叫proclaimvt宣布，声明，显示，显露acclaimvt欢呼，欢呼着拥戴；欢呼着同意claimn(根据权利提出)要求 ，主张，要求而得到的东西vt(根据权利)要求，认领，声称，主张，需要8discreet discretediscreetadj小心的，慎重的，有思虑的，贤明的discreteadj离散的；分立的；不连续的9 distinct distinctivedistinctadj清楚的，明显的，截然不同的，独特的distinctiveadj与众不同的，有特色的10 donate denotedonatev捐赠，赠予denotevt指示，表示11 dwindle bewilderdwindlev缩小bewildervt使迷惑，使不知所措，使昏乱12dual dueldualadj双的，二重的，双重dueln决斗，两个人争斗；争辩；双方抗争13disinterested uninteresteddisinterested adj公正无私的；无偏见的；客观的His action was not altogether disinteresteduninterestedadj不感兴趣的Settle your own argument - I'm quite uninterested!14dissemble disassembledissemblevt， vi隐藏，掩饰（思想、感情等）disassemblevt解开，分解E1 eradicate eraseeradicatevt根除：连根撕碎，清除，扑灭，根除Their goal was to eradicate povertyerasevt擦掉，抹掉；通过用橡皮涂抹或刮除（字迹或图形等）；删除：从磁带或其它存储介质上消除掉（记录的信息）erased a the disketteerased the videocassette使忘却：象涂抹掉一样消除、消灭：had to erase all thoughts of failure from his mind2elicit illicit explicit elite implicitelicitvt诱出，引出（事实等）illicitadj违法的explicitadj清楚的，明确的eliten精英implicitadj暗示的，含蓄的，绝对的，完全的3 eligible illegibleeligibleadj符合条件的,合格的Are you eligible to join this club？I know an eligible young lady who would be an excellent cooperator for youillegibleadj难辨认的,字迹模糊的4emergence emergencyemergencen出现；显露，暴露emergencyn紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件5 eminent imminent element eliminateeminentadj显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的imminentadj即将来临的,逼近的elementn要素,元素,成分,元件,自然环境eliminatevt排除,消除v除去6 erotic exoticeroticadj色情的n好色之徒exoticadj外来的，外国来的；异乎寻常的an exotic purple