2022-2023学年北京市通州区高一(上)期中英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
20222023学年北京市通州区高一(上)期中英语试卷第I卷(选择题)二、阅读理解(本大题共11小题,共22.0分)AWhat it doesThe self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic (光催化)and blacklight technology.A light source activates the door's handle coating, telling it to start cleaning.lt can reduce the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space.How it worksThe working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can effectively remove bacteria (细菌)on the surface of a substance.A consistent UV light source inside a transparent glass door handle is required to activate the door*s handle coating on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door.Then, the door handle can clean by itself.Design processWe made the first version by using stainless steel (不锈钢).However, it caused the door handle to be heavier.Then, we tried aluminum (铝), which made it light and easy to fix.We also improved the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.How it is differentOur innovative (革新的) design is simple, effective, and attractive.lt has an elegant smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in today's world of inventions.Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body.Our design can be used for a long time and is effective.lt can self-clean after each use.In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.Future plansIn the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products.We are going to connect with public properties, for example, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.work.Experts say that AI will actually create jobs for humans, not destroy them.The Guardian recently reported that by 2037, Al will create more than 7 million new jobs in the healthcare, education, and science fields in the UK.Shimon is showing us what can happen when robots don*t just work for us, but with us.Instead of putting any of our favorite musicians out of work, robots will certainly be challenging and inspiring them in new ways.The cooperation between humans and robots can produce new and attractive music, leading to novel musical outcomes.Thanks to the innovation of Weinberg and his team, rap battles, jam sessions, and symphony orchestras alike may begin to look and act considerably different.(1) What can Shimon do? (2) Why did Gil Weinberg create Shimon? (3) As a student, what is your opinion about AI applied in your daily life? ( About 40 words)七、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共20.0分)29.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。最近你的英国笔友Jim写信告诉你最近他学习压力很大。请你给他回信并提供一些关于如何处理压力的建议。内容包括:1 .表示理解和关心;2 .提出具体建议(不少于两条);3 .鼓励并表达祝愿。注意:1 .词数100左右。2 .开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Y ours,Li Hua答案和解析1 .【答案】小题1 feel confident【小题 2】concentrates on【小题 3 】looking forward to【小题4】give up【小题5】recommended【小题6 focus on【小题7】apply for【小题8】amazing【小题9】rather than【小题10 admire【解析】(1)考查短语。句意:当贝蒂第一次来到高中时一,她一点也不自信。短语feel confident 为“感到自信”之意。did not后接动词原形。结合句意,故填feel confident。(2)考查短语。句意:在化学课上,韩静总是专注于每一个实验,因为他非常热爱这门学科。短 语concentrate on为“专心于”之意。根据always和句中时态可知,用一般现在时。主语是Han Jing, 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。结合句意,故填concentrates on。(3)考查短语。句意:下个周末,我们要去野营旅行。我很期待。短语look forward to为“期望” 之意。主语I与look forward to之间为主动关系,根据句中Em可知,用现在进行时。结合句意, 故填 looking forward too(4)考查短语。句意:每个人在学习中都会遇到一些困难,但永远不要放弃!短语give up为"放 弃”之意。根据句中时态will可知,用动词原形。结合句意,故填give up。(5)考查动词。句意:亚当的导师建议他报读高等文学。动词recommend为“建议”之意。陈述过 去事情,用一般过去时。结合句意,故填recommended。(6)考查短语。句意:花太多时间上网是不健康的,会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。短语 focus on为“专注于"之意。不定式to后接动词原形。结合句意,故填focus on。(7)考查短语。句意:如果你想出国旅游,记得先申请签证。短语apply for为“申请”之意。remember to do sth.记得做某事。不定式to后接动词原形。结合句意,故填apply for。(8)考查形容词。句意:为期四天的徒步旅行将带您在通往马丘比丘的途中,踏上穿越安第斯山 脉的神奇之路。名词paths前用形容词修饰。形容词amazing为"令人大为惊奇的”之意。结合句意, 故填 amazing o(9)考查短语。句意:我开始考虑健身而不是体重,事情开始发生变化。短语rather than为"而 不是”之意。结合句意,故填rather than。(10)考查动词。句意:住在当地的酒店,参观博物馆,欣赏建筑,享受美味的食物,去当地的 市场购物。动词admire为“欣赏”之意。根据句中的动词Stay、visit> enjoy和go可知,这里用动 词原形。结合句意,故填admire。(1)当贝蒂第一次来到高中时,她一点也不自信。(2)在化学课上,韩静总是专注于每一个实验,因为他非常热爱这门学科。(3)下个周末,我们要去野营旅行。我很期待。(4)每个人在学习中都会遇到一些困难,但永远不要放弃!(5)亚当的导师建议他报读高等文学。动词recommend为“建议”之意。陈述过去事情,用一般过 去时。结合句意,故填recommended。(6)花太多时间上网是不健康的,会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。(7)如果你想出国旅游,记得先申请签证。(8)为期四天的徒步旅行将带您在通往马丘比丘的途中,踏上穿越安第斯山脉的神奇之路。(9)我开始考虑健身而不是体重,事情开始发生变化。(10)住在当地的酒店,参观博物馆,欣赏建筑,享受美味的食物,去当地的市场购物。考查选词填空。这个题型需要学生熟知单词或者固定短语的用法,包括它的多个含义;同时对于 题面设定的语境也要完全了解,这样才能选出正确的短语,运用它们的正确形式,例如动词短语 的谓语和非谓语,时态和语态。25.【答案】D、C、C、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 A consistent UV light source-inside a transparent glass door handle-is required to activate the door's handle coating on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door.Then, the door handle can clean by itself.(透明玻璃门把手内需要有一个一致的紫外线光源, 激活门把手外表面的涂层进行消毒,利用发电机通过开关门的动作提供电能点亮紫外线LED灯, 然后门把手可以自行清洁。)可知,该自动清洁门把手通过光源指示门把手涂层来自行清洁。故 选D。(2)细节理解题。根据文章第三段的 Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix.We also improved the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.(然后,我们试着用铝合金,这样既轻便又容易修理。我们还改进了发电机输出,有效地 将车门运动产生的能量转化为光源。)可知,现在这款新产品和以前的相比,更轻便同时更具有 效。故选C。(3)推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的 In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.(除了获得詹姆斯戴森奖外,它还获得了金奖,2016年,它还参加了第44届日内瓦 国际发明展。)可知,该产品获得广泛的认可。故选C。(4)推理判断题。根据 Future plans 部分 In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products.(未来我们会将该产品商业化,希望能在市场上与 同类产品竞争。)可知,该产品未来将投放市场。故选B。本文是一篇应用文,主要向读者介绍了一段带自动清洁功能的门把手,并对其工作原理、设计过 程、未来计划以及获得的奖励进行了说明。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。68.【答案】A、C、B【解析】(1) A.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"On one such day, I was walking from class acrossthe school to catch the school bus home, with my head down ,fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me.”有一天,我走出教室,穿过学校,赶校车回家,低着头,强忍绝望的泪水,这时一个年轻人从人 行道上走向我。可知作者是在学校见到了这个陌生人。故选A。(2 )C.推理判断题。根据第四段中的 nI looked for him in our school to thank himbut never saw him again.n我在学校里找过他,想谢谢他,但再也没见过他。由此判断出,作者很感激那个年轻人。故选C。(3) B.细节理解题。根据第四段中的 nI can't explain the effect of that man*s unexpected kindness and caring!He gave me the one thing that I'd lost completely-hope.n我无法解释那个人出乎意料的善良和关心所带来的效果,他给了我一件我完全失去的东西-希 望。由此可知,正是这个年轻人的微笑和话语让作者充满希望。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者在上高一的时候,有一段时间感到孤独和绝望。在校园里, 一个陌生人对作者说”无论发生什么事,都会过去的。一切都会好起来,只是时间的问题”,这样 简单的话语给了作者希望。三十年过去了,作者依然记得那个时刻,每当作者看到一个有麻烦的 人,作者总会想起那个年轻人,并尽自己所能给处于麻烦中的人一线希望。阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意,因为阅读理解题一般没有 标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料; 其次细读题材,各个击破,掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后, 带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强 的针对性,对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求, 才能做到稳、准。912.【答案】B、A、A、C【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中的Students might not learn correct grammar and spelling if they write a lot of text messages.Also all that te xting takes away hours that could be spent studying, exercising, pursuing hobbies, or talking with others face to face”如果学生们写大量的短信,他们可能学不到正确的语法和拼写。 此外,发短信占用了本可以用于学习、锻炼、追求爱好或面对面交谈的时间。)可知,专家担心 青少年发短信,因为这占用了他们的学习时间。故选B。(2)推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Wow, it was pure suffering,"Kenny joked. nThough life with no phone wasn't easy,"he admitted, "it had benefits.! felt less stressed because I didn't have to be involved/' Sure, Kenny missed his friends,and he was sad at times.But he also felt relief from the constant texting.Instead of texting, Kenny went to the gym (健身房) and caught up on schoolwork.He said that the first night he slept for 10 hours.He also spent time sit ting with his family and talking. nI felt closer to my parents, n said Kenny.(肯尼开玩笑说:”哇,这纯 粹是痛苦。”虽然没有手机的生活并不容易,”他承认,“但也有好处。我觉得压力小了,因为我 不用参与。”当然,肯尼想念他的朋友,他有时很难过。但他也从不断的短信中得到了解脱。肯尼 没有发短信,而是去健身房赶功课。他说第一天晚上他睡了 10个小时。他也花时间和家人坐在一 起聊天。肯尼说:“我感觉和父母更亲近了。”)以及第五段Franchesca had an even happier result when she put away her phone. nI loved it!'* she said. nI was going to the gym and hanging out with friends and playing basketball.I had a wonderful experience.1' She slept better too, and she decided to continue the experiment for a while. "I think Ill be so much smarter and healthier, n she explained. ''Everybody in the world should try it."(当弗朗切斯卡放下手机时,她得到了 一个更 快乐的结果。“我喜欢!”她说。“我去健身房,和朋友们出去玩,打篮球。这是一次美妙的经历。” 她也睡得更好了,她决定继续这个实验一段时间。“我想我会变得更聪明、更健康,”她解释道。” 世界上每个人都应该试试。可知,没有手机,青少年会过上更健康的生活。故选A。(3)推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Wow, it was pure suffering, "Kenny joked. 'Though life with no phone wasn't easy,"he admitted, "it had benefits.! felt less stressed because I didn't have to be involved/' Sure, Kenny missed his friends,and he was sad at times.But he also felt relief from the constant texting.Instead of texting, Kenny went to the gym (健身房) and caught up on schoolwork.He said that the first night he slept for 10 hours.He also spent time sit ting with his family and talking. HI felt closer to my parents, n said Kenny.(肯尼开玩笑说:”哇,这纯 粹是痛苦。”虽然没有手机的生活并不容易,”他承认,”但也有好处。我觉得压力小了,因为我 不用参与。”当然,肯尼想念他的朋友,他有时很难过。但他也从不断的短信中得到了解脱。肯尼 没有发短信,而是去健身房赶功课。他说第一天晚上他睡了 10个小时。他也花时间和家人坐在一 起聊天。肯尼说:”我感觉和父母更亲近了。”)以及第五段Franchesca had an even happier result when she put away her phone. HI loved it! 0 she said. nI was going to the gym and hanging out with friends and playing basketball.I had a wonderful experience." She slept better too, and she decided to continue the experiment for a while. "I think Fil be so much smarter and healthier, n she explained. ''Everybody in the world should try it?(当弗朗切斯卡放下手机时,她得到了 一个更 快乐的结果。“我喜欢!"她说。“我去健身房,和朋友们出去玩,打篮球。这是一次美妙的经历。” 她也睡得更好了,她决定继续这个实验一段时间。“我想我会变得更聪明、更健康,”她解释道。” 世界上每个人都应该试试。可知48小时挑战对肯尼和弗朗切斯卡的影响是两个青少年都去健 身房锻炼。故选A。(4)主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了手机对于现代青年人的影响,通过一个48小 时无手机生活的试验后,证明正确的做法应该是放下手机回归到现实生活中去,只有这样我们才 能够获得真正的快乐。因此选项C.two Days with No Phone (两天没有电话)符合题意,故选C。 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了手机对于现代青年人的影响,通过一个48小时无手机生活的试验 后,证明正确的做法应该是放下手机回归到现实生活中去,只有这样我们才能够获得真正的快乐。 考查说明文。做题时要通读全文,把握大意,然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。1317,【答案】D、G、C、F、E【解析 J (1)细节理解题。根据上文 Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub if your hands are not visibly dirty.(经常用肥皂和水洗手,如果你的手不是很脏,可以用含酒精的洗手液。)承接上文,可知D项:”This helps removing the virus if it's on your hands(如果它在你的手上,这有助于去除病毒。)”符合语境。故选D。(2) 标题归纳题。 根据上文 Cover your mouth and nose with tissue when coughing and sneezing(咳嗽和打喷嚏时用纸巾捂住口鼻。)可知此处说的是咳嗽和打喷嚏时用纸巾捂住口鼻。所以”G.If you sneeze or cough into your hands, you may contaminate (污染,传染)objectsor people that you touch.(如果你用手打喷嚏或咳嗽,你可能会污染你接触的物体或人。)”承接下文,符合语境。故选G。(3)细节理解题。根据上文 Keep at least one- meter distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing, sneezing and have afever, because coughs or sneezes of people who are infected with arespiratory(呼吸系统)disease project (喷射)small drops containingthe virus.(与他人保持至少一米的距离,尤其是那些咳嗽、打喷嚏和发烧的人,因为感染了呼吸道疾病的人咳嗽或打喷嚏时,会喷出含有病毒的小液滴。)承接上文,可知C项:HIfyou are too close, you can breathe in the virus(如果你离得太近,你会吸入病毒。)”符合语境。故选C。(4)推理判断题。根据上文 Practice general hygiene (卫生)measures when visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets.(到访活生动物市场、水货市场或动物产品市场时,应注意卫生。)再根据下文Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities.(避免接触可能被污染的动物粪便或液体,接触商店和市场设施的土壤或结构。)承接上下文,可知 F 项:''Strictly avoid any contact with other animals in the market(严禁在市场上接触其他动物。)”符合语境。故选F。(5)标题归纳题。根据下文 Handle raw meat , milk, or animal organs carefully to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food.(小心处理生肉、牛奶或动物器官,避免与未煮熟的食物交叉污染。)承接下文,可知E项:"Avoid eating raw or undercooked animal products(避免进食生的或未煮熟的动物产品。)”符合语境。故选E。本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了新型冠状病毒的介绍,以及病毒侵害 人体的原理。七选五阅读是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注 意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境 的句子。1827.【答案】B、A、A、D、A、D、B、D、C、C【解析】略.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安娜去上了小学,但是开学第一天,同学们见她 是从小村庄来的便捉弄她。上课后,老师让同学们写下世界上七样伟大的东西,大多数同学都写 下了景点,但是安娜写下了去看、去听、去感受、去笑、去思考、去慷慨、去爱。小村庄来的安 娜让我们知道我们所拥有的东西多么宝贵的故事。句意:知道她被城里一所著名的学校录取了,她非常开心。A.anxious焦虑的;B.happy高兴的; C.afraid 害怕的;D.calm 冷静的。根据下文的 she was accepted in a famous school in the city .nJ , 被名校录取的安娜应该是感到高兴的。故选B。1 .句意:校车一来,她很快就上了车。A.quickly迅速地;B.easily容易地;C.lazily懒惰地;D.patiently 耐心地。根据下文的She was very excited.可知,安娜心情很好,由此可知上车时动作也很快。此 外,该词能表现出她对新学校的期待。故选A。2 .句意:看到她简朴的衣服,知道她来自一个小村庄,其他学生开始取笑她。A.simple简朴的, 简单的;B.clean 干净的;C.lovely 可爱的;D.expensive 昂贵的。根据后文 knowing she was from a small village, other students started making fun of her可知,安娜因为衣着简朴受到了嘲笑。故选A。3 .句意:她把安娜介绍给全班同学,并告诉他们从今天开始她将和他们一起学习。A.pushed推; B.followed 跟随;C.turned 转动;D.introduced 介绍。结合常识和下文的 told them that she would be studying with them from today.可知,老师把新来的同学介绍给班上其他同学认识。故选D。4 .句意:但是安娜开始慢慢地作答。A.slowly慢慢地;B.actively活跃地;C.cheerfully高兴地; D.politely 礼貌地。根据上文的 Everyone started writing the answer quickly.和本句的 but 可知,安娜 作答的速度很慢。故选A。5 .句意:当除了安娜以外的所有人都提交了答案后,老师问安娜:“亲爱的,发生了什么事?别担 心。把你知道的和其他同学几天前学到的东西写下来就行了。" A.cry哭泣;B.forget忘记;C.write 写;D.worry 担心。根据上文的 What happened, dear 和下文的 Just write what you know as other students have learned about it just a few days back.可知,老师在亲切地安慰和鼓励安娜,用“别担心”符合 语境。故选D。6 .句意:老师开始阅读每个人的答案,大多数人都答对了,比如中国长城、罗马圆形大剧场、巨 石阵、吉萨大金字塔、比萨斜塔、泰姬陵、巴比伦空中花园等等。A.neatly整洁地;B.correctly正 确地;C.briefly 短暂地;D.proudly 傲慢地。根据后文 such as The Great Wall of China, Colosseum, Stonehenge, Great Pyramid of Giza, Leaning Tower of Pisa, Taj Mahal, Hanging Gardens of Babylon etc. 可知,同学都回答正确了老师的问题。故选B。7 .句意:老师感到开心是因为学生记住了她所教的。A.shared分享;B.expanded扩充;C.missed 错过;D.remembered记住。根据上文的The teacher was happy可推知,老师感到开心是因为学生 记住了她所教的。故选D。8 .句意:老师震惊了,全班哑口无言。A.satisAed满意的;B.disappointed失望的;C.shocked震惊 的;D.frightened害怕的。根据下文的the whole class was speechless和and可知,老师当时的状态 和学生们相似,也感到很震惊、很意外。故选C。1。.句意:今天,一个来自小村庄的女孩提醒我们,我们所拥有的才是真正的奇迹。A.talent才能;B.reward 奖赏;C.wonder 奇迹;D.challenge 挑战。根据上文的 Then she told everyone to write down the Seven Wonders of the world可知,老师让学生们写世界上的七个奇迹,看了安娜写的才恍然大 悟:原来我们所拥有的就是奇迹。故选C。28【答案】【小题1 J keeping【小题2 to get【小题3】prepared【小题4】were made【小题5 has【小题6】which【小题7】fanners【小题8】brought【小题9】had built【小题10 but【解析】(1)考查动名词。句意:我有点担心我的高级课程要跟上其他同学的进度,而且要适应 所有的家庭作业是相当困难的。作介词的宾语,所以用动名词,故填keeping。(2)考查动词不定式。句意:我有点担心我的高级课程要跟上其他同学的进度,而且要适应所有 的家庭作业是相当困难的。it作形式主语,所以用动词不定式作真正主语,故填t。get。(3)考查形容词。句意:努力学习并不总是有趣的,但我会为大学或未来的任何事情做好准备。 be prepared for”对做好准备”,为固定搭配,所以用形容词作表语,故填prepared。(4)考查动词时态语态。句意:快来看看兵马俑吧!公元前3世纪,中国为保卫秦始皇的陵墓, 建造了 8000多个兵马俑。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语。此处more than 8, 000 statues与 make之间是被动关系,同时句子表述的是过去事实。故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were madeo(5)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:每个雕像都有不同的脸,这使得研究人员相信每一个都是 真实士兵的复制品。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语。句子表述的是客观事实,故使用一般现 在时。句子的主语为each statue为第三人称单数,故have也应该使用第三人称单数。故填has。(6)考查非限制性定语从句。考查定语从句。句意:这些雕像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分,秦 始皇陵墓尚未完全出土。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the emperor's huge tomb为物。同时引导词在从句中作主语。故填which。1. How does th