2022-2023学年陕西省咸阳市武功县高三(上)第一次质检英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
2022.2023学年陕西省咸阳市武功县高三(上)第一次质检英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AEvery year, the biggest and the best garden designers get together to create the Chelsea Flower Show, providing inspiration, trendsetting ideas and a glimpse of how our gardens might look next year.On Trend: Green gardenSustainable gardens have become a big trend in our towns and cities.Joe Swift inspired gardeners with his gold-winning design for the Homebase Teenage Cancer Trust that featured drought-buster (治理) architectural planting.It could cope with even the driest conditions typically found in places where water is precious.His large pools of water had a cooling effect on people and plants.On Trend: Space-saving HerbsThe Brewin Dolphin garden designed by Cleve West and Steve Swatton followed the Arts and Craft tradition, showing the beautiful strong lines of neatly beech (山毛棒) among its soft herbs planting.lt proved to be a style that has never gone out of fashion.You don't need a large garden to have a piece of topiary (树木造型).These evergreens, which can be boxed or grown in pots, are easy to cut into shapes, such as balls, cubes and pyramids.On Trend: Rhododendrons (杜鹃花) WoodlandChris Beardshaw's gold- winning design was packed with rhododendrons woodland bushes.lt paid tribute (致敬) to Furzey Gardens in Hampshire, which celebrates its 100th anniversary this year.Rhododendrons might not be the trendiest choice but they deserve a comeback.On Trend: Drought BusterThe Herbert Smith garden for Water Aid was inspired by the work of the charity and the transforming power of clean water.Using water wisely is today's issue, so invest in water butts(积水桶)to collect rainwater and gather waste water from baths, sinks and washing machines.1. Who can inspire those having a garden with limited space ? 五、短文改错(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)42.第一节短文改错假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处 语言错误,每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:(1 )每处错误及修改均仅限一词;(2)只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。There is an extremely annoyed phenomenon that much students litter in our school.Not only is it bad for our healthy but it also makes our school less and less beautiful.Therefore, our school is going to hold an activity calls "Stop Littering in Our School".The activity will sure leave an unforgettable impression on those who take part in.In the activity, we will first to walk around the school to see what serious the littering problem is.After that, we will be divided into groups to pick up rubbishes.Through this activity, we are expected to realize the importance of protecting the living environment in our school but stop littering in our school.(1)(2) 六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分)43 .你校英文报正在开展以“The Importance of Doing House work”为题的讨论。请根据图表中的 调查结果写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:学生做家务情况统计图(1)(1)描述中学生做家务的状况;(2)造成此状况的原因;(3)你的观点。注意:(1)词数100左右(短文的题目和首句已给出,但不计入总词数);(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。The Importance of Doing Housework It's widely known that Labor Education will be included in theeducation of middle schools in China.答案和解析13.【答案】B、B、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据 On Trend: Space-saving Herbs 中 The Brewin Dolphin garden designed by Cleve West and Steve Swatton followed the Arts and Craft tradition,(由 Cleve West 和 Steve Swatton 设计的Brewin Dolphin花园遵循了艺术和工艺的传统)以及You don't need a large garden to have a piece of topiary (树木造型).These evergreens, which can be boxed or grown in pots, are easy to cut into shapes, such as balls, cubes and pyramids.(你不需要一个大花园就能有一片修剪的植物。这些常 青树可以装在盒子里,也可以种在花盆里,很容易切割成球状、立方体和金字塔的形状。)可知, Cleve West和Steve Swatton能启发那些拥有一个有限空间的花园的人。故选B。(2)细节理解题。根据 On Trend: Rhododendrons (杜鹃花)Woodland 中 Chris Beardshaw's gold-winning design was packed with rhododendrons woodland bushes.lt paid tribute (致敬)to Furzey Gardens in Hampshire, which celebrates its 100th anniversary this year.(克里斯比尔德肖的金奖设计 充满了杜鹃花丛林。它向汉普郡的Furzey花园致敬,今年是Furzey花园建园100周年。)可知, Furzey花园特性是杜鹃花丛林。故选B。(3)推理判断题。根据 On Trend: Green garden 41 Joe Swift inspired gardeners with his gold-winning design for the Homebase Teenage Cancer Trust that featured drought-buster (治理)architectural planting.lt could cope with even the driest conditions typically found in places where water is precious.(乔斯威夫特(JoeSwift)为Homebase青少年癌症信托基金会(Homebase Teenage Cancer Trust) 设计的以抗早建筑种植为特色的获奖设计激发了园丁们的灵感。它甚至可以应对水珍贵地区最干 燥的环境。)以及 On Trend: Drought Buster 中" The Herbert Smith garden for Water Aid was inspired by the work of the charity and the transforming power of clean water.(“水援助”的赫伯特史密斯花园 的灵感来自于该慈善机构的工作和清洁水的转变力量。)可知,乔斯威夫特和赫伯特史密斯的设 计有共同点是他们非常重视节约用水。故选D。本文是应用文。文章介绍了每年,最大的和最好的切尔西花展,并让大家看一看花园明年可能是 什么样子。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。47.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段的 In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof.James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. (1879年,英国牛津大学邀请詹姆斯默里教授担任编辑,编撰了英语历史上最具雄心的 词典)可知,根据文本,第一部牛津英语词典的初衷是成为最具雄心的英语词典。故选D。(2)细节理解题。根据第三段的 Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. (Minor加入了志愿者大军,向Murray发送文字和语录)可知,Dr.Minor通过提供了大量 的文字和引文对词典做出贡献。故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据第四段的 When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum (精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.(当他到达时,他发现迈诺被锁在布罗德 莫精神病院的一间满是书的牢房里)可知,Dr.Minor拒绝访问牛津,是因为他被关在精神病院。 故选Ao(4)观点态度题。根据最后一段的 The 12 volumes deEned 414, 825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. (12 卷定义了 414825 个单词,其 中数千个是来自一个非常学术和忠诚的精神病院病人的贡献)可知,Dr.Minor是与众不同且博学 的。A.Cautious and friendly.谨慎和友好的;B.Unusual and scholarly.与众不同且博学的;C.Friendly and determined.友好而坚定的;D.Considerate and optimistic.体贴乐观的。故选 B。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Minor和第一本牛津英语词典之间的故事。做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相 关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分 析,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。811 .【答案】C、B、B、C【解析】(1)C.推理判断题。根据第二段When children raise these questions,adults tend to respond with explanations that try to resolve the issue, at least temporarily.Its natural to attempt to comfort a kid who is feeling puzzled by the world.But simpl e explanations may not be what the child wants.(当孩子们提出这些问题时,成年人往往会给出试图 解决问题的解释,至少是暂时的。试图安慰一个对这个世界感到困惑的孩子是很自然的。但简单 的解释可能不是孩子想要的。)可知当孩子们提问时,成年人可能会给他们简单的解释。故选C。(2) B.推理判断题。根据第三段Most kids start wondering about big questions almost as soon as they learn to speak,and they continue to think about them throughout childhood.(大多数孩子几乎一学会说话就开始思考重大问题,他们在 整个童年都在思考这些问题。)可知从第3段我们可以了解到关于孩子们问问题这件事从很小的 时候就开始了。故选B。(3) B.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Talking with kids about what they are thinking without always feeling to offer answers can help the m explore their own concerns and ideas.(与孩子们谈论他们的想法,而不是总是感到被迫提供答案, 这可以帮助他们探索自己的担忧和想法。)可知划线词的意思是“强制A.Respected尊重;B.Forced 强制;C.Inspired激励;D.Convinced使信服。故选B。(4) C主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第二段When children raise these questions,adults tend to respond with explanations that try to resolve the issue, at least temporarily.Its natural to attempt to comfort a kid who is feeling puzzled by the world.But simpl e explanations may not be what the child wants.Sometimes,kids simply want to talk about their questions and thoughts.(当孩子们提出这些问题时,成年人往往会给出试图解决问题的解释,至少是暂时 的。试图安慰一个对这个世界感到困惑的孩子是很自然的。但简单的解释可能不是孩子想要的。 有时候,孩子们只是想谈论他们的问题和想法。)可知本文主要讲述了父母如何处理孩子提出的 问题。故选C。本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了父母如何处理孩子提出的问题。 做题时要通读全文,把握大意,然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。1215.【答案】D、B、D、D【解析】(1) D.推理判断题。根据第一段 Now with the help of artificial intelligence,they can calculate more precisely the probability that individual athletes will get injured during the next match,the next week or the next month.(现在,在人工智能的帮助下,他们可以更精确地计算运动员在下一场比赛、 下一周或下个月受伤的概率。)以及第三段 These data reveal an athlete*s workloadhow often they train and how intensely.Just enough training can pave the way to medals,but too much puts pressure on the body and can lead to injuries.(这些数据揭示了运动员的工作负荷他们训练的频率和强度。适量 的训练可以为获得奖牌铺平道路,但过多的训练会给身体带来压力,并可能导致受伤。)可知,GPS数据提供的信息,可以使运动员及时调整运动的负荷,减少受伤概率。故选D项。(2) B.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句 But the technology success depends,in part,on the ability of scientists to convince coaches to include data in their decision process.(但这项技术的成功在一定程 度上取决于科学家的说服教练在决策过程中纳入数据的能力。)可知,GPS技术要在体育运动中 成功使用,得有教练的认可。故选B项。(3) D.段落主旨题。根据最后一段第一句 McHugh agrees that people have to make the final call.(麦 克休同意:人们必须做最后的决定。)以及最后一句4Even though the predicted injury probability be as high as 70% , the coaches may be willing to take that chance,' he says.(他说,尽管预测的受伤概 率高达70%,但教练们可能愿意冒这个险。)可推知,尽管人工智能可以提供有用的信息,但最 终会不会参考这个数据,关键还得看教练们怎么决定。故选D项。(4) D.标题归纳题。根据第一段 Now with the help of artificial intelligence,they can calculate more precisely the probability that individual athletes will get injured during the next match,the next week or the next month.(现在,在人工智能的帮助下,他们可以更精确地计算运动员在下一场比赛、下一周 或下个月受伤的概率。)可知,本文介绍了人工智能在运动项目中运用,可以预测运动员受伤概 率,从而促进运动员合理训练,减少运动员的受伤率。D项"Predicting Injuries with Tech (用科技 预测伤害)”与本文内容贴合,适合作本文标题。故选D项。本文为一篇说明文。体育正在逐渐进入一个新的时代,人工智能可能会成为助理教练,GPS数据 可以精确地计算运动员在未来几天或几周内受伤的可能性,但是最终的关键是该技术须得得到教 练们的认可,这个技术才可能被运用。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对 未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事 例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。1620.【答案】G、D、A、E、F【解析】(1)推理判断题。Most of us spend between 6 and 8 hours asleep every night, so it makes sense that the position we lie in during this period can have a big effect on our health.(我们大 多数人每晚睡6到8个小时,所以我们在这段时间内的睡姿对我们的健康有很大影响是有道理的。) 由空后的小标题Lie on the stomach (俯卧)和Sleep on your back (平躺着唾)可知,本文介绍了 几种睡姿,G选项So which is the best to sleep in (所以,哪种睡姿最好)引出了不同的睡姿,因此 承上启下,符合语境,故选G。(2) 联系上文题。 根据上文 Lying this way night after night can cause aches and pains as your spine (脊柱)is not in a natural position.lt is also not good for possible wrinkles.(一夜又一夜地这样躺着 会引起疼痛,因为你的脊椎不是在自然的位置。这也不利于消除可能出现的皱纹。)可知下文解 释出现皱纹的原因,D 选项 This is because of your pillow being against your face all night (这是因为 你的枕头整晚都贴着你的脸),符合语境,故选D。(3)段落标题题。空格处是本段的小标题,由空后的Sleeping on your side is overall a pretty good positionhealth-wise.(从健康角度来说,侧卧是一个非常好的睡姿。)可知,本段主要讲的是侧卧 这种睡姿,A选项Be a side sleeper (做一个侧睡者)说明了本段的主要内容,因此可作为小标题。 故选Ao(4)联系上文题。根据上文Sleeping on your side is overall a pretty good position health-wise.lt keeps your spine in a natural positio n which is great for preventing neck and back pain.lt can improve heart circulation and blood flow, and it can also reduce acid reflux (逆流).So this position is specially recommended to pregnant women, particularly if they lie on their left sides.(侧卧睡姿总体来说对健康非常有益。它能使你的脊柱处于 自然的位置,这对预防颈部和背部疼痛很有帮助。它可以改善心脏循环和血液流动,还可以减少 胃酸倒流。所以这个姿势特别推荐给孕妇,尤其是左侧卧位的孕妇。)可知讲述了侧卧的好处, 而 E 选项 However, it won*t do ageing skin or breasts any favours (然而,它对老化的皮肤和乳房没 有任何好处)和前面构成转折,符合语境,故选E。(5)联系下文题。根据下文 It allows your head, neck and spine to be kept in a more natural position, reducing any potential pains and aches.(它可以让你的头、脖子和脊椎保持在一个更自然的位置, 减少任何潜在的疼痛和疼痛。)说明仰卧这种睡姿很好,F选项This is by far the best position for most people to sleep in (到目前为止,这是大多数人的最佳睡姿)是对这种睡姿的整体评价,可引出下 文的具体的好处,因此符合语境,故选F。本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是改善健康的最佳睡姿。关于选句填空的做题步骤:步骤一:快速浏览一遍备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置: 标题,句首,句中,句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步骤二:快速浏览文章,确定文章体裁,抓住文章结构。 步骤三:分析篇章结构,找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。 步骤四:注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段,寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五:区分相似项。21 40.【答案】B、A、B、D、A、C、B、D、A、C、D、B、C、A、B、D、C、A、C、D【解析】(1)考查名词及语境理解。A.driver司机;B.teacher老师;C.doctor医生;D.painteriSj 家。句意:Wanda Smith 一直想成为一名教师,但有时满足生活中苛刻的现实可能意味着梦想的 延迟。根据后文“Smith's story came full circle when she was (8) as a first-grade teacher back at Brenham Elementary School.”可知,此处是指Wanda Smith 一直想成为一名教师。故选B。(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.delayed延迟;B.come来;C.awoken唤醒;D.increased增加。句意: Wanda Smith一直想成为一名教师,但有时满足生活中苛刻的现实可能意味着梦想的延迟。根据 “meeting life's demanding realities”及下文信息(当上了老师)可知,此处是指生活中的苛刻条件会 让梦想的实现延迟。故选A。(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.denying否认;B.shouldering承担;C.claiming主张;D.avoiding避 免。句意:Smith是三个孩子的母亲,她不得不照顾她的母亲,承担起家庭责任,她在德克萨斯州 的布伦汉姆独立学区做过公交车监督员和看门人。根据" Smith, a mother of three, had to care for her mom, ”可知,此处是指承担家庭责任。故选B。(4)考查形容词及语境理解。A.meaningless无意义的;B.hopeless绝望的;C.unfair不公平的; D.tough艰难的。句意:那段时间对她来说很艰难。根据前文" Smith, a mother of three, had to care for her mom, ( 3) her family responsibilities, she took jobs as a bus monitor and gatekeeper for Brenham Ind叩endent School District in Texas.”可知,此处是指那段时间对她来说很艰难。故选D。(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.support支持;B.complaint抱怨;C.appreciation欣赏;D.blame责备。 句意:但是,在她37岁的时候,在丈夫的支持下,她没有让自己的梦想破灭,而是在自己的课程 表中增加了夜校课程。11 But rather than let her dream die, "可知,此处是指在丈夫的支持下。故选Ao(6)考查名词及语境理解。A.occupation职业;B.hobby爱好;C.schedule日程;D.exercise练习。 句意:但是,在她37岁的时候,在丈夫的支持下,她没有让自己的梦想破灭,而是在自己的课程 表中增加了夜校课程。根据“sheaddednightclasses”可知,此处是指在日程中增加了夜校课程。故 选C。(7)考查副词及语境理解。A.unwillingly不愿意的;B.successfully成功地;C.sadly悲伤地;D.secretly 秘密地。句意:9年后,她成功地从萨姆休斯顿州立大学毕业,获得学士学位。根据”But rather than let her dream die, "和“graduated with a bachelor's degree from Sam Houston State University.”可知, 此处是指她成功地从萨姆休斯顿州立大学毕业。故选Bo(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.considered考虑;B.treated对待;C.named命名;D.hired雇佣。句 意:当Smith回到布伦汉姆小学担任一年级教师时,她的故事又回到了原点。根据“as a first-grade teacher back at Brenham Elementary School"可知,此处是指史密斯回到布伦汉姆小学被聘为一年级 教师。故选D。(9)考查副词及语境理解。A.Unfortunately不幸地;B.Obviously显然;C.Consequently以此; D.Luckily幸运地。句意:不幸的是,她的妈妈和姐妹们都没能活着看到她的成就,但她知道她们 会为她感到骄傲的o 根据"her mom and beloved sisters didnft live to see her accomplishment, but she knows they would have been (10) of her.”可知,这是一件不幸的事。故选 A。(10)考查形容词及语境理解。A.fond喜欢的;B.kind善良的;C.proud骄傲的;D.afraid害怕的。 句意:不幸的是,她的妈妈和姐妹们都没能活着看到她的成就,但她知道她们会为她感到骄傲的。 根据"her mom and beloved sisters didn*t live to see her accomplishment, ”和语境可知,此处是指她们 会为她感到骄傲的。故选C。(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.telling告诉;B.sharing分享;C.passing通过;D.living实现。句意: ”当我站在教室前时,我知道我终于实现了我的梦想," Smith在庆祝教师节的节目中说。根据“When I stand in the front of my classroom, "可知,此处是指终于实现了梦想。故选D。(12)考查动词及语境理解。A .remembered 记得;B. struggled 努力;C. pretended 假装;D. regretted 遗憾。句意:在疫情期间,当她的一些学生努力接受远程学习时,Smith挺身而出帮助他们。根据 HSmith stepped up to help them.”可知,此处是指一些学生接受远程学习很吃力。struggle to do意为” 做某事很吃力”。故选B。(13)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.checkedout退房结帐;B.handed up交给;C.carried out执行; D.givenup放弃。句意:她冒着生命危险给学生们送作业,以确保学习尽可能顺利,这让她的学 生和他们的父母非常感动。根据"as smoothly as possible, "可知,此处是指确保他们的学习能够顺 利进行。故选C。(14)考查动词及语境理解。A.moved感动;B.worried担心;C.attracted吸引;D.broke打破。句 意:她冒着生命危险给学生们送作业,以确保学习尽可能顺利,这让她的学生和他们的父母非常 感动。根据"She risked her life to deliver schoolwork to students"可知,此处是指这让她的学生和家 长非常感动。故选A。(15)考查动词及语境理解。A.envied嫉妒;B.admired羡慕;C.forgot忘记;D.missed错过。句 意:难怪 Smith 的孩子们都崇拜她。根据"Smith's life is an example as well as a (n) (18) for us.H 可知,此处是指史密斯的孩子们都崇拜她。故选B。(16)考查名词及语境理解。A.requests请求;B.anger生气;Corders命令;D.praise赞扬。句意: 在一场特别的惊喜仪式上,他们高呼赞美之词,并举起巨大的彩色标语来表达他们的爱。根据”their love”可知,此处是指他们高呼赞美之词。故选D。(17)考查动词及语境理解。A.pursuing追求;B.donating捐赠;C.declaring宣布;表明态度;D.seeking 寻找。句意:在一场特别的惊喜仪式上,他们高呼赞美之词,并举起巨大的彩色标语来表达他们 的爱。根据"held up big colorful signs”可知,此处是指举起巨大的彩色标语来表达他们的爱。故选 Co(18)考查名词及语境理解。A.inspiration灵感;B.trouble麻烦;C.failure失败;D.mystery神秘。 句意:Smith的一生对我们来说是一个榜样,也是一个鼓舞。根据"Smiths life is an example”可知, 此处是指史密斯的人生对我们也是激励。故选A。(19)考查名词及语境理解。A.kindness 善良;B.imagination 想象;C.effort 努力;D.understanding 理解。句意:她有了很大的决心和努力,从打扫教室到带领教室。根据"Smiths life is an example” 和语境可知,此处是指有很大的决心和努力。故选C。(20)考查动词及语境理解。A.drawing画画;B.uniting合并;C.building建造