2023年高考英语复习全国通用第08讲 名词性从句(测)(解析版).docx
第08讲名词性从句时间:45分钟满分:50分一、单项选择(每题1分,共20分)(2021 天津高考真题)It seemed that I had become my parents had wanted me to be.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. whether【答案】c【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:似乎我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。动词become后面是宾语从句, 从句缺少引导词,且从句中的be缺少表语,所填词应该起双重作用。故选C。1. (2021 山东高考真题) he said in the speech showed an interesting opinion.A. WhatB. WhetherC. IfD. That【答案】A【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:他在演讲中所说的话展示了一个有趣的观点。分析句子结构可知,本句 为主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指物,所以用连接代词what引导。故选A。2. (2021 山东高考真题)The reason for his not coming is his mother has been ill.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. who【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:他没有来的原因是他母亲病了。分析句子结构可知,本句为表语从句, 从句不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用连接代词that引导。故选C。3. (2011 北京高考真题)The shocking news made us realize terrible problems we would face.A. whyB. howC. whatD. that【答案】c【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:这个令人震惊的消息使我们意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。分析句子 可知,空格处引导宾语从句,且是感叹句,空后“terrible problems”是名词短语,应用what修饰,how修饰 形容词或副词。故选C项。4. (2011 安徽高考真题)His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out it is he is trying toexpress.A. thatB. howC. whoD. what【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:他的文章令人费解,很难理解他到底想表达什么。空格处引导一个宾语从 句,在从句中作he is trying to express的宾语,表示“什么that引导宾语从句,无词义,不作成分,仅起 引导作用;how引导宾语从句,作状语,表示“如何”;who引导宾语从句,作主语,宾语,表示“谁";what 引导宾语从句,作主语、宾语或表语,表示“什么;.的(东西等)”,根据句意,故填what,故选D。 6. (2012重庆高考真题)Evidence has been found through years of study children's early sleepingproblem likely to continue when they grow up.A. whyB. howC. whetherD. that【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:多年的研究发现,儿童早期睡眠问题可能会在他们长大后继续存在。分 析可知,空处引导同位语从句,解释说明主语evidence,且引导词在同位语从句中不作任何成分,且没有 实际意义,所以用that引导。故选D项。7. (2021 天津高考真题)What puzzles Lily*s friends is she always has so many crazy ideas.A. whetherB. whyC. whatD. when【答案】B【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意:令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。 A. whether是否;B. why为什么;C.what什么,所.的事儿;D. when什么时间,的时间。分析句子, 该空需要一个表语从句的连接词,结合句意,应该是朋友们不明白Lily为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所 以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。8. (2017全国高考真题)began as a local festival has blossomed into an international event.A. ThatB. WhereC. WhichD. What【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意:最初的地方性节日已经发展成为国际性的活动。分析句子结构可知,整个 句子的谓语动词为“has blossomed into ”,主语为“began as a local festival ",主语从句中的谓语动词 为“began”,前面缺少主语,且不指代人,因此用连接代词“what”来引导主语从句。故选D.9. (2012江西高考真题)It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD. that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意:他突然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室了。Itoccurs/occurredtosb. that某人突然 想到。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句,从句成分完整,用that仅起连接作用,无实义。 故选D项。10. (2009天津高考真题)It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. whichC. whetherD. that【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:对学生们来说很明显,他们应该为将来做好充分的准备。本题中的it是 形式主语,真正的主语是后面的they should get well pr叩ared for their future句子成分齐全,所以使用只起 连接作用、无实意的that引导。故D正确。11. (2014浙江高考真题)"Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tellme.A. whatB. howC. thatD. whether【答案】A【解析】考查表语从句。句意:“每次你吃糖的时候,你要喝绿茶。”这是妈妈过去常常给我说的话。这里 是what引导的表语从句,what在从句中作tell的宾语;表语从句里缺少的是宾语;that和whether在表语 从句中不作成分,why在表语从句中不能作宾语。故选A。12. (2016天津高考真题)(2016天津)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have anassistant. There is too much work to do.A. whetherB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句:句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位 语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只 是起着引导的作用。故选B。13. (2020江苏高考真题)It is not a problem we can win the battle; ifs just a matter of time.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。A. whether是否;B. why 为什么;C. when什么时候;D. where在哪里。根据下文irs just a matter of time可知,此处指“我们能否打 赢这场战斗不是问题“,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。14. (2020天津高考真题)The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Josephhad said.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句,该从句中,空处在从句中作said的宾语,表示”所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。15. (2020天津高考真题)My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put mymind to.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我的祖母让我相信,我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论 何时;B. whatever 无论什么,任何;C.wherever无论何地;D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知, 此处是宾语从句连接词,从句缺少宾语,应用连接代词,再结合句意,此处用“任何”符合语境,故选B项。 16. (2010全国高考真题)一Have you finished the book?一No, I've read up to the children discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:-你看完那本书了吗?-没有,我刚读到孩子们发现洞的秘密的这个地方。 这里是宾语从句,where引导的宾语从句,它在从句中作的是地点状语,根据句意故选D。17. (2018天津高考真题)He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was his fatherhad expected.A. whyB. howC. thatD. what【答案】D【解析】考查表语从句。句意:他努力学习,后来成为一个著名的作家,这是他父亲所期望的。分析句子 可知,was后接表语从句,从句中缺少宾语吗,所以由what来充当宾语。故选D项。18. (2019江苏高考真题)Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into thehuman body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成 分,意思完整,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。19. (2019天津高考真题)The opinion learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:教育专家多年来一直认为学习是一个终生的过程。分析句意及句子成分 可知,此处为opinion的同位语从句,从句句子成分齐全、句意完整,应使用that,无词意、不做成分、仅 起连接作用。故B选项正确。20. (2012安徽高考真题)The limits of a person's intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. why【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意:一般来说,一个人的智力极限在出生时是固定的,但他是否达到这些极限 将取决于他所处的环境。A. whether是否;B. where引导名词性从句时,做地点状语;C.that引导名词性 从句时,只起连接作用、无实意;D.why引导名词性从句时,做原因状语。通过分析可知,此处是主语从 句,且引导词在从句中不作任何成分,但有实际意义,表示“是否“,应该用whether。故选A。二、用适当的词填空(每题1分,共20分)(2022全国高三专题练习)I can't understand is why so many high school students are unwilling to major in medicine.【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我不明白的是为什么这么多高中生不愿意主修医学。 I can,t understand为主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,用连接代词what引导,置于句首,首字母大写。故填What。 22. (2022全国高三专题练习)Have you heard of the good news the severe flood has been undercontrol?【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:你听说大洪水已经得到控制的好消息了吗?分析句子结构可知,此处“the severe flood has been under control”是作名词news的同位语从句;从句不缺成分且语义完整,所以 用连词that引导该从句。故填thato23. (2022全国高三专题练习)There is no possibility we will pick you up at the airport;the snowstormhas been on.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:我们不可能在机场接你;暴风雪已经开始了。分析句子可知,空格处引 导同位语从句,根据句意可知,从句句意完整,成分齐全,所以使用从属连词that引导从句,作名词possibility 的同位语。故填that。24. (2022全国高三专题练习)We should consider the students9 request the school library shouldprovide more science books.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:我们应该考虑学生的要求,学校图书馆应该提供更多的科学书籍。分析 句子结构可知,空格处引导的是同位语从句,从句中不缺成分,且句子意思完整,因此空格处用that,故 填 thato(2022全国高三专题练习)It is still not obvious the president can do to get rid of the public'sanger.【答案】what【解析】考查主语从句。句意:总统能做些什么来消除公众的愤怒还不明显。分析句子结构可知,It是形 式主语,空格处引导的是主语从句,从句中缺少do的宾语,空格处表示能做的事情,因此空格处用what 引导主语从句,故填what。25. (2022全国高三专题练习)It worried her a lot the hair of her mother-in-law was turning grey.【答案】that【解析】考查固定句型。句意:她婆婆的头发变白这件事让她很担心。分析可知,本句应用了 it作形式主 语的句式,句首的It是形式主语,后面的从句为真正的主语,不缺成分,所以用从属连词that引导,故填 thato(2022全国高三专题练习)And this should serve as a warning to other celebrities they honestlypay taxes for every cent they have earned or risk the end of their career.【答案】whether【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这应该是对其他名人的一个警告他们是诚实地为自己赚到的每一分 钱纳税,还是冒结束职业生涯的风险。分析句子结构可知,此处“they honestly pay taxes for every cent they have earned or risk the end of their career”解释名词warning的内容,是同位语从句,从句不缺成分;结合句 意和句中or可以,此处涉及“whetheror”结构,意为“是还是”,引导同位语从句。故填whether。26. (2022全国高三专题练习)The ancient structures like Jinci are the material evidence to show youancient China looked like.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:像晋祠这样的古代建筑是向你展示古代中国面貌的物证。分析句子结构可 知,短语show you之后接了宾语从句,且从句中缺宾语,设空处应填what,引导宾语从句,且作动词look like的宾语。故填whato(2022全国高三专题练习) A researcher comments, "Our surprise teenagers say they get alongwell with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings.”【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:一位研究人员评论道:“青少年说他们和父母相处得很好,这让我们感 到惊讶,因为在我们的社会历史上,青少年被视为不同的人。''名词surprise后面是同位语从句,用于说明 surprise 的具体内容,从句的主语是 teenagers,谓语是 say,宾语是 they get along well with their parents,不 缺少成分,句意完整,故用只起连接作用的that,引导同位语从句。故填that。27. (2022全国高三专题练习)So they collected clips of 20 different environmental sounds, including water dripping, ice cracking, whales calling and so on.they found is that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful.【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句。句意:因此,他们收集了 20种不同环境声音的片段,包括滴水声、冰裂声、鲸 鱼叫声等。他们发现,随着重复次数的积累,参与者认为这些声音更悦耳。"they found”是主语从句, 从句中缺少 found 的宾语, 根据"that as the repeats accumulated, the participants rated the sounds as being more tuneful”可知,此处应用连接代词what表示“什么”,位于句首,首字母大写,故填What。28. (2022全国高三专题练习)It is recommending the vaccine be administered in two doses(剂)tothose aged 18 and over.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:建议18岁及以上的人接种两剂疫苗。句中it作形式主语,从句不缺少 成分且句意完整,所以用连接词that引导主语从句。故填that。29. (2022全国高三专题练习)The message I want to convey is it is never too late to pursue goodhealth.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意:我想传达的信息是,追求健康永远都不晚。分析句子结构,is后为表语从 句,从句中不缺成分,且句子意思完整,因此空格处用that引导表语从句,故填that。30. (2022全国高三专题练习)It should reveal information about icebergs affect their surroundingsby, for example, dumping fresh water into the ocean as they melt.【答案】how【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:它应该揭示冰山如何影响其周围环境的信息,例如,冰山融化时向海洋 中注入淡水。分析句子结构可知,此处“icebergs affect their sutroundings”是位于介词about后的宾语从句;从句符合主谓宾结构,所以不能填连接代词;根据句意,此处意指“冰山如何影响周围环境”,所以用 关系副词how引起该从句。故填howo31. (2022全国高三专题练习)Chinese authorities have been paying increased attention to they see asminors spending too much time online.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:中国当局越来越关注未成年人上网时间过长的问题。口为介词,所以“they see as minors spending too much time online.”是宾语从句,且从句中缺少动词see后面的宾语,意为”的事”,应用what来引导。故填what。32. (2022全国,高三专题练习)Schools should not use the results to label students or to determine which class they will be in or they should sit in class.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学校不应该按成绩给学生贴标签,或按成绩决定学生在哪个班上课或是坐 在班里的哪个位置。此处有两个并列的宾语从句来充当动词determine的宾语。空格处引导第二个宾语从 句,这个从句的主语是they,谓语是should sit,从句中缺少地点状语,所以此处需用where引导第二个宾 语从句,表示学生应该坐哪儿。故填where。33. (2022全国高三专题练习)It is assumed, for a person to be healthy,yin and yang forces should be in balance.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:人们认为,为了使一个人健康,阴阳力量应该平衡。根据句意及句子结 构可知,此处考查“It is assumed that"。其中It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语,引导词that 不可以省略。故填that。34. (2022.全国高三专题练习)What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里更重要。根据句子结构可知,介词than 后接宾语从句,从句动词go为不及物动词,可用连接副词where引导从句,同时where作从句的地点状语。 故用where o(2022,全国高三专题练习)And we do now is to deal with the plastic that causes great damage toour sea life.【答案】what【解析】考查主语从句。句意:而我们现在要做的就是处理掉那些对海洋生物造成严重损害的塑料。分析 句子结构可知,该空个后引导的是一个主语从句,从句缺少宾语,指代事情需用连接代词what。故填what。 39. (2022全国高三专题练习)It is estimated coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the worldeconomy annually, providing food, protection of shorelines, and jobs.【答案】that【解析】考查连接词。句意:据估计,珊瑚礁每年为世界经济贡献数亿美元,提供食物,保护海岸线以及 解决就业。分析句子结构可知,It在句中作形式主语,空处引导主语从句,从句结构和意义完整,所以填thato40. (2022全国高三专题练习)Another reason is many of today's young people believe it's wrong tokill animals for food.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意:另一个原因是,今天的许多年轻人认为为了食物而杀死动物是错误的。分 析句子可知,本句是表语从句,表语从句中不缺少成分,只缺少一个引导词,此时要用that引导表语从句。 故填thato三、单句改错(每题1分,共10分)41. Tf he will be invited to the meeting is not known.【答案】If 一Whether【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句意:他是否会被邀请参加会议还不得而知。分析可知,系动词is前的全 部内容在句中为主语从句,结合句意,主语从句的结构完整,成分齐全,意思缺少“是否”含义,所以要用 连接副词whether, if不能引导主语从句用于句首。故将If改为Whether。42. The professor in the end decided to give the prize to who he believed had a good command of English.【答案】who-whoever【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意:教授最后决定把奖颁给他认为精通英语的人。分析句子可知,介词 “t。”后面为宾语从句,结合句意可知,把奖颁给熟练掌握英语的人,无论这个人是谁,所以应用 whoever=anyone who。故将 who 改为 whoeveroIndeed, body positions are part of that we call “body language”.【答案】that-what【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意:事实上,身体的姿势是我们所说的身体语言的一部分。分析句子 可知,介词of后面是宾语从句,call接复合宾语,从句中缺少宾语,连接代词wha小所的”符合语法和 句意,作宾语。故将that改为what。43. It remains to be seen if or not this idea can be put into practice.【答案】if>whether【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句意:这个想法是否能付诸实施还有待观察。It是形式主语,or not this idea can be put into practice是主语从句,whether or not (无论;是否),是固定短语,与or not连用,不 能用ifo故将if改为whethero(2022.吉林实验中学模拟)My initially reaction, after several day of uncertainty and anxiety over if schools would close, was a relief.【答案】if>whether【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:在经历了几天对学校是否会关闭的不确定和俅虑之后,我的第一反应是可 以松口气了。分析句子结构可知,介词。ver后接宾语从句。因为在表示“是否”意义时,介词后只能引导 whether引导的宾语从句,不能接if引导的宾语从句。故将if改为whether。44. One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is because it appeals to many different people.【答案】because一that【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意:哈姆雷特是一部如此成功的戏剧的原因之一是它吸引了许多不 同的人。分析可知,句子主语为“One reason”, “it appeals to many different people (它吸引了许多不同的人)” 为表语从句,解释说明主语的具体内容,从句句子结构完整,应用that,仅起连接作用,无实义。故将because 改为thatoHe is that you call a "walking dictionary; he knows almost every word.【答案】that-what【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意:他就是你所谓的“活字典”;他几乎每个字都认识。此处为表语从句, call接复合宾语,从句中缺少宾语,连接代词wha俨所的”符合语法和句意,作宾语。故将that改为what。 48 . The news which he intended to come gave us much pleasure.【答案】which-that【解析】考查同位语从句引导词。句意:他要来的消息使我们非常高兴。此处为同位语从句,说明news 的内容,从句不缺少成分,句意完整,故用that引导。故将which改为that。49. (2022.安徽.广德中学第七次联考)In the morning, I had to break the news to Sandy which another little boy was missing his favorite toy.【答案】which一that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:早上,我不得不把这个消息告诉桑迪,另一个小男孩丢了他最喜欢的玩具。 分析句子结构可知,“another little boy was missing his favorite toy.”是补充说明news的同位语从句。同位语 从句中不缺语法成分,语义完整,而which不能用于引导同位语从句,所以应该用that引导同位语从句, 不承担句子成分,无含义,仅起引导从句的作用。故将which改为that。50. (2022四川成都七中二模)That I had always considered old-fashioned and useless turned out to be of great use.【答案】That一What【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我一直认为过时和无用的东西却变得很有用。分析句子结构可知,谓语动 词为turned,主语为名词性从句。名词性从句中谓语动词considered后缺少宾语,且有含义,表示“什么” 或“东西”。that在名词性从句中不承担句子成分,且无含义。what在名从中可表示“什么”,承担主语或者 宾语,符合题意。故将That改为What。