英语词汇难点解析will, shall的用法.docx

英语词汇难点解析will, shall的用法will, shall 的用法一、Shall在现代应用中已多由will代替。目前常见的两种用法如下:1.主语为第一人称时，可表示对自然事件的推测。1) I shall/will be 20 years old next year.明年我就二十岁了。2 ) When shall/will we know the results of the test?我们什么时候才能知道考试的结果。2 .主词为第一人称时，可表示主语的意志。3 ) I shall/will call you when I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。4 ) We shall/will uphold the wishes of the people.我们一定要支持人民的意愿。He must have a lot of money.15 ) 一定得弄出那么大的声音吗？Need they make so much noise? (V)Do they need to/have to make so much noise? (V)Must you make so much noise? (x)他们一定得弄出那么大的声音。They will have to make a lot of noise. (V)They will must make so much noise, (x)B. Obligation or compulsion (义务或强制)晚上十点一定要回来。You must be back by ten p.m.17 )晚上十点一定要回来吗？Need she be back by ten p.m.? (V)Does she need to/have to be back by ten p.m.? (V)Must she be back by ten p.m.? (x)should /ought toA. tentative inference （试探性的推论）我们从这应该可以看得到。We should/ ought to be able to see it from here.19 ）这个时候她应该到家了。She should/ought to be home at this moment.B. obligation （义务）21）你应该照他的话做。You should/ought to follow what he says.22 ）开会之前你应该准备周全。You should get ready before attending the meeting.an, may, must, should 区另JCan （过去式could）可表示下列三种意思：A. possibility （可能性）（表示理性的猜测，与事实村子与否无关。）1）专家也可能犯错。Even experts can make mistakes.2）她的表现是我们所能期望的最佳状态了。Her performance was the best that could be hoped for.B. Ability (能力)3）你能解决这个问题吗？Can you solve this problem?4）约翰十岁就会说五种语言。John could speak five languages by the age of ten.5）下星期我就能解决这个问题I will be able to solve this problem next week. (V)I will can solve this problem next week. ( x)6)事情总会水落石出的。The truth will be found out. (V )The truth can be found out. (x )C. permission (允许)7）我可以用你的电话吗？Can I use your phone?8 ）二十年前妇女在选举时不能投票。A couple of decades ago, women could not vote in elections.1. May （过去式might）可表示下列两种意思：A. possibility （可能性）（表示推测可能存在的事实）我们可能永远到不了山顶。We may never reach the top of the mountain.9 ）可能有一些怨言。There might be some complaints.B. permission （允许）11）如果没什么可说的，你可以走了。You may go now if you have nothing else to say.12 ）请问你用不用计算机？Might I ask whether you are using your computer?2. Must (过去式用 had to)Logical necessity (推测的必然性)13 ) 一定是哪里出错了。There must be some mistakes.14 )他一定很有钱。He must have a lot of money.15 ) 一定得弄出那么大的声音吗？Need they make so much noise? (V)Do they need to/have to make so much noise? (V)Must you make so much noise? (x)他们一定得弄出那么大的声音。They will have to make a lot of noise. (V)They will must make so much noise, (x)A. Obligation or compulsion (义务或强制)17 )晚上十点一定要回来。You must be back by ten p.m.18 ）晚上十点一定要回来吗？Need she be back by ten p.m.? （V）Does she need to/have to be back by ten p.m.? （V）Must she be back by ten p.m.? （x）should /ought toA. tentative inference （试探性的推论）19 ）我们从这应该可以看得到。We should/ ought to be able to see it from here.20 ）这个时候她应该到家了。She should/ought to be home at this moment.B. obligation （义务）21）你应该照他的话做。You should/ought to follow what he says.22 ）开会之前你应该准备周全。You should get ready before attending the meeting.二、下列情形只能用shall而不能用will。1 .用于建议或请求对方给予指导或意见时：A.一般用法：5 ) Shall I carry your bag? (Do you want me to .?)要不要我替你提袋子？6 ) Shall we go out for lunch?我们要出去吃午饭吗？7 ) What shall we do?我们该怎么办？B附加疑问句的用法：8 ) Let's go to the movie, shall we?我们去看电影，好不好？比较：9 ) Let me go, will you?让我走好不好?10) Let's not stay here, all right? / O.K?我们不要待在这儿好不好？下列三句用三个不同的助动词表达三个不同的意思。11) Will you get me a newspaper when you're out?(不可用 shall)出去的时候，给我带分报纸回来好吗？12) Shall I open the window for you?(不可用 will)要不要我替你开窗？13) ) Where shall we be this time tomorrow?(可用 shall/will)明天的这个时候，我们会在哪儿呢？2.用于第二、三人称时，shall表示说话者强烈的情绪，如许诺、威胁、 指令等。14 ) You shall have an answer by tomorrow.你明天就会得到答复。15 ) If he's good, he shall have a new watch for Christmas.如果他乖的话，圣诞节就可以有一只新手表。16 ) She shall suffer for this.她一定会得到报应。现代英语已不常用shall来表达这种口气，而改用更直接的方式来表达。17 ) III let you know the answer by tomorrow.18 ) If he's good, I will give him a new watch for Christmas.19 ) She's going to suffer for this. Ill make sure you suffer for this.3 .下列情形适合用w川而不用shall0A.用will表示第一人称强烈的未来意愿，或坚持己见。20 ) John: "The phone is ringing.H电话铃响了。Marry: TH answer it."我去接。21 ) I will stop smoking - I really will!我要戒烟，我真的要戒。22 ) No, no 一 UI pay - it's my turn.不，我来付。这回轮到我了。B.在第二、第三人称当主语的问句里，will表示请求或轻微的命令。23) ) Will you come this way, please.请走这边。24) Will you have some more wine?再来一些酒吧！25) Won t you come in?你不进来吗？C.用will表示对人、事物的习性推测；也可用否定，表示事物的习性 不尽人意，而带有轻微抱怨之意。26) The car won't start.这辆车发动不了。27) Oil will float/floats on water.油会浮在水面上。28 ) Accidents will happen anyway.意外总是无法避免的。29 ) He's strange - he'll sit for hours without saying anything.他很奇怪，他会一坐几个小时，不说一句话。D.用will表示无生命的"能够;可以") This will do if there is nothing better.如果没有更好的，这个就可以用。30 ) This room will accommodate two hundred students.这个房间可以容纳两百名学生。E.在表示法令、规章的正式文字里。用shall表达规定的意义。31 ) Thou shalt not kill (The Bible)不可杀人。32 ) Students shall complete the computer course before the end of the second semester.学生应该在第二学期结束前修完计算机课程。F.当shall, w川用于描述过去的事件时则用过去式would, should表 示原有的意义，但一定要注意前后时态一致。33 ) He said that he would come here soon.他说他很快就会来。34 ） He said, "I shall be there before ten."他说："我十点以前会到。"He said he should be here/there before ten.他说他十点以前会到。can, may, must, should 区另UCan （过去式could）可表示下列三种意思：A. possibility （可能性）（表示理性的猜测，与事实村子与否无关。）1）专家也可能犯错。Even experts can make mistakes.2）她的表现是我们所能期望的最佳状态了。Her performance was the best that could be hoped for.B. Ability （能力）3）你能解决这个问题吗?Can you solve this problem?4）约翰十岁就会说五种语言。John could speak five languages by the age of ten.5）下星期我就能解决这个问题I will be able to solve this problem next week. （V）I will can solve this problem next week. （ x）6）事情总会水落石出的。The truth will be found out. （V ）The truth can be found out. （x ）C. permission （允许）7）我可以用你的电话吗？Can I use your phone?8 ）二十年前妇女在选举时不能投票。A couple of decades agoz women could not vote in elections.1. May （过去式might）可表示下列两种意思：A. possibility （可能性）（表示推测可能存在的事实）我们可能永远到不了山顶。We may never reach the top of the mountain.9 ）可能有一些怨言。There might be some complaints.B. permission （允许）11）如果没什么可说的，你可以走了。You may go now if you have nothing else to say.12 ）请问你用不用计算机？Might I ask whether you are using your computer?2. Must （过去式用 had to）A. Logical necessity （推测的必然性）13 ） 一定是哪里出错了。There must be some mistakes.14 ）他一定很有钱。