2022年12月山东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语仿真模拟试卷A（解析Word版）.docx

山东省2022年冬季普通高中学业水平合格模拟考试英语试题（A卷）（满分100分考试时间90分钟）注意事项：1 .答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、考籍号和座号填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位 置上。2 .选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案写在试卷上无效。3 .非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能 写在试卷上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。 不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，可先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，必须将答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分）听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 话读两遍。1. Where does the conversation take place?A. In an elevator.B. On a bus.C. In a taxi.【答案】B【原文】M: At which stop will we get off?W: We still have three more stops to go.2. How did Charles travel through South China?A. By bus.B. By car.C. By train.【答案】B【原文】M: Charles enjoyed his two-week drive through South China.W: Yes, he said that he saw much more than he would have seen by bus or train.3. What will the man do in Edinburgh?A. Do business with Justin. B. Tell Justin his new address. C. Give Justin some medicines.【答案】C【原文】M: Rosy, Tm leaving for Edinburgh on business the day after tomorrow. Would you like me to take anything to可知，NASA和私营公司在执行任务时进行合作。故选D项。30. B主旨大意题。文章先讲述了在航空领域的新变化，解释了私营公司进入航空领域的原因和意义, 最后又说人类对太空的探索还远远没有结束。结合最后一段“Some even see the moon as an eventual staging area for human exploration of deep space. Mars is seen as the next stepping-off point toward the final frontier 一 though whether we'H get there in our lifetimes is another question.（有些人甚至将月球视为人类探 索深空的最终集结地。火星被视为通往终极边疆的下一个起点尽管我们是否能在有生之年到达那里 是另一个问题）“可知，B项“What's next in space travel?（太空旅行的下一个目标是什么?）”可以作为本文的 最佳标题。故选B项。第三都分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下让短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Farmers around the world face serious challenges in growing food more effectively. Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, 加gi （真菌）,and bacteria. So to manage the threat, farms are turning to artificial intelligence （AI）, robotics, and computer vision to target pests more 31.In 2019 the United Nations reported on the pest 32 causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year. Damage from plant diseases, it said, costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually, and invasive insects around $70 billion.Smart farming is one way to combat the problem, using AI and robotics to kill bugs and reduce reliance on pesticides while 33 skilled worker shortages and adapting to climate change. Technologies include soil and crop sensors, satellite and drone monitoring, plus computer vision and AI data analysis to reduce the number of affected plants and increase crop 34.Insect monitoring services like the UK's Spotta offer 35 real-time data on invasive species. The company uses internet-connected dry traps to catch red palm weevils （象鼻虫）that attack date palms, causing more than $1 billion of losses in the Middle East, Africa, and North America each year.Traps alert plantation workers to trees infested （寄生）with weevils so they can eliminate them before they cause any real damage. And this targeted approach means less pesticide is used, 36 the impact on other species.37 . the Californian agriculture technology startup FarmSense uses visual sensors and machinelearning algorithms （算法）trained to find and track insects in real-time. With non-native invasive insect species38 to increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050, these technologies could give farmers a huge advantage in eco-friendly pest control and food growing.Precision spot spraying linked to AI is another valuable add-on that aims to 39 pesticide and herbicide use. Spraying entire crops can harm insect pollinators （传花粉者）like bees and becomes part of agricultural run-off when it is washed out of soil. But targeting weeds or insects using cameras and directed sprays can vastly reduce 40 use.In the Czech Republic, scientists at Mendel University in Brno have built a sample robot that patrolsgreenhouses and can identify the different 41 of insect growth. It then 42 just enough insecticide to kill individual pests, working 24 hours a day to keep things under control.Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and Al-controlled systems as the future of farming. In the case of 80 Acres, its pesticide-free indoor farms are 43 by AI every step of the way. Robots do a lot of the work and computer vision lets them know if crops need more nutrients or if pests are causing 44.Their efforts are part of what analysts say will be a $2.6 billion Al-farming market by 2025. Reimagining how farming operates will be crucial says the World Bank - reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion, and biodiversity loss. And technology will play its part in helping farmers improve their all-around crop4531. A. effectively32. A. mystery33. A. conducting34. A. fields35. A. targeted36. A. increasing37. A. Generally38. A. forecast39. A. make40. A. valuable41. A. stages42. A. submits43. A. constructed44. A. threat45. A. association【参考答案】31. A 32. B46. A. effectively47. A. mystery48. A. conducting49. A. fields50. A. targeted51. A. increasing52. A. Generally53. A. forecast54. A. make55. A. valuable56. A. stages57. A. submits58. A. constructed59. A. threat60. A. association【参考答案】31. A 32. BB temporarilyB , burdenB. strengtheningB diseasesB enlargedB havingB. SimilarlyB - growthB- directB physicalB typesB appliesB. demonstratedB treatmentB cultivation33. D 34. CC. desperately C. control C. employing C. yields C. analysed C. reducing C. Hopefully C. cultivation C. instruct C. chemical C. species C reduces C. monitored C. evolution C measurement35. A 36. C 37. BD. enthusiasticallyD. challengeD. addressingD. sensorsD. downloadedD. measuringD. UnfortunatelyD. migrationD. minimizeD. scientificD. optionsD. producesD. managedD. damageD. management38. A 39. D 40. C41. A 42. B 43. C41. A 42. B 43. C44. D 45. D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界各地的农民在更有效地种植粮食方面面临严峻挑战，气候变暖增 加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计 算机视觉来更有效地清理害虫。【详情解析】【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，为了应对威胁，农场正在转向人工智能、机器人技术和计算 机视觉来更有效地瞄准害虫。A. effectively有效地；B. temporarily暂口寸地；C.desperately绝望地；D. enthusiastically 热情地。 根据前文的“Climate warming increases the risk of crop damage from insects, fungi, and bacteria.（气候变暖增加了昆虫、真菌和细菌对作物造成损害的风险。）”和第一句中的“effectively （有效地）”可知，农场想要更加有效地应对害虫带来的威胁。故选A项。31. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：2019年，联合国报告了每年造成全球产量20%至40%的作物损 失的害虫负担。A. mystery神秘；B. burden负担；C. control控制；D. challenge挑战。根据后文的"causing crop losses of between 20 and 40 percent of global production each year.costs the world economy an estimated $220 billion annually （每年造成全球产量的20%至40%的作物损失，每年给世界经济造成的 损失估计为2200亿美元）”可知，害虫为农业生产带来了巨大的负担。故选B项。32. D考查动词词义辨析。句意：智能农业是解决这一问题的一种方法，它使用人工智能和机器人技 术来杀死虫子并减少对杀虫剂的依赖，同时解决技术工人短缺和适应气候变化的问题。A. conducting实 施；B. strengthening 增强；C. employing 雇佣；D. addressing 解决。根据前文的“combat the problem （解 决问题）”可知，while后面表达的也是解决问题之意。故选D项。33. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术包括了土壤和作物传感器、卫星和无人机监测，以及计算机视 觉和人工智能数据分析，以减少受影响植物的数量并提高作物产量。A. fields田地；B. diseases疾病； C.yields收益，产量；D. sensors感受器。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫导致作物产量降低，采取新技 术手段是为了增加作物的产量。故选C项。34. A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英国的Spotta等昆虫监测服务公司提供有针对性的入侵物种实时 数据。A. targeted有针对性的；B.enlarged扩大的；C.analysed分析的；D. downloaded下载的。根据 下文的“this targeted approach means less pesticide is used （这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药）” 可知，新方法能够有针对性地提供入侵物种的实时数据。故选A项。35. C考查动词词义辨析。句意：而这种有针对性的方法意味着使用更少的农药，减少对其他物种的 影响。A. increasing 增力口； B. having 拥有；C. reducing 减少；D. measuring 测量。根据前文的“ess pesticide is used （使用更少的农药）”可知，其他物种受到的影响会减少。故选C项。36. B考查副词词义辨析。句意:类似地，加利福尼亚农业技术初创公司FarmSense使用经过训练的 视觉传感器和机器学习算法来实时发现和跟踪昆虫。A. Generally大体上；B. Similarly类似地；C. Hopefully充满希望地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据第5题的分析和后文的“find and track insects in real-time （实时查找和跟踪昆虫）”可知，两家公司都是采用新技术来应对害虫带来的威胁。故选B项。37. 【A】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过预测，到2050年全球非本地入侵昆虫物种将增加36%,这些技 术可以为农民提供生态友好型害虫防治和粮食种植方面的巨大优势。A. forecast预测；B.growth生长； C. cultivation 培养；D. migration 移民。根据后文的“increase 36 percent worldwide by 2050 （至U 2050 年全 球增长36%） ”可知，这是对非本地入侵昆虫物种的一种预测。故选A项。38. D考查动词词义辨析。句意：与人工智能相关的精确点喷是另一个有价值的附加功能，旨在最大 限度地减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用。A. make制作；B.direct指导；C.instruct命令；D.minimize减少。 根据后文的“vastly reduce. use （大大减少的使用）”可知，此处应该填入reduce的同义词。故选D项。39. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是使用摄像头和定向喷雾瞄准杂草或昆虫可以大大减少化学品 的使用。A. valuable有价值的；B. physical身体的；C.chemical化学的；D. scientific科学的。根据前 文的“reduce pesticide and herbicide use (减少杀虫剂和除草剂的使用)”可知，杀虫剂和除草剂都是化学 药品。故选C项。40. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：在捷克共和国，布尔诺孟德尔大学的科学家们建造了一个样本机器 人,它可以在温室中巡逻，并可以识别昆虫生长的不同阶段。A. stages阶段；B.types种类；C. species 物种；D. options选择。根据后文的“insect growth (昆虫生长)”可知，这是一个过程，它自然分为不同 的阶段。故选A项。41. B考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，它使用足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫，每天24小时工作以控 制昆虫的乘长。A. submits提交；B.叩plies申请，使用，应用；C.reduces减少；D.produces生产。根 据后文的“enough insecticide to kill individual pests (足够的杀虫剂杀死个别害虫)”可知，机器人使用杀 虫剂杀死害虫。故选B项。42. C考查动词词义辨析。句意：以80英亩为例，其无农药室内农场的每一步都有AI 监控。A. constructed 建设；B. demonstrated 示范；C. monitored 监测；D. managed 设法做成。根据前文 的“Companies like Root AI and 80 Acres Farms are banking on indoor growing and Al-controlled systems as the future of farming. (Root AI和80 Acres Farms等公司将室内种植和人工智能控制系统视为农业的未 来。)”可知，这些公司使用人工智能技术来监控农业生产。故选C项。43. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人做了很多工作，计算机视觉让它们知道农作物是否需要更多 的营养，或者害虫是否正在造成损害。A. threat威胁；B. treatment对待；C.evolution演化；D. damage 损害。根据第2题的分析可知，害虫带来的是损害。故选D项。44. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技将发挥作用，帮助农民全面提高作物管理水平。A. association 联系；B. cultivation 培养；C. measurement 测量；D. management 经营,管理。根据前文的“reimagining how farming operates (重新构想农业的运作方式)”可知，这是与农场的经营管理有关的。故选D项。第二节|(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has left a deep 46 (impress)on people across the globe. At Beijing 2022, a total of 2,877 athletes from 91 countries and regions 47 (compete)fdr 109 gold medals. "Athletes competed 48 (brave)to exceed limits, setting a number of new world records and Olympic records. This is 49 vivid representation of the Olympic motto-Faster, Higher, Stronger , Together,“ said Cai Qi, president of the Beijing organizing committee.Beijing is the first city 5。 (host)both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. Besides the competitions, the unique charm of Beijing and the thoughtful services which the city offered to all participants 51 (value). As the first global multi-sport event held as scheduled during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beijing Winter Games attached great importance 52 the health and safety of all participants. "Our COVID-19 policy has been 53 (effect), setting a successful example for other major international events held during the pandemic J Cai said.The Beijing Games 54 theme is Together for a shared future have also left the city with rich legacies(遗产),55 (include)engaging 346 million people in ice and snow sports as well as hosting theGames in a more sustainable way.【参考答案】impression47. competed 48. bravely 49. a 50. to host/to have hosted51. were valued/are valued 52. to 53. effective 54. whose 55. including【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 2022年北京冬奥会的成功举办运动员在奥运会各项比赛中突破极 限，刷新纪录，充分体现了奥运会的精神。其次北京作为在疫情期间成功举办奥运会的典范，为其他国际 赛事树立了榜样。【详情解析】【impression】考查名词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会给世界人民留下了深刻的印象。设空处在句中作 宾语，需填名词形式，根据提示词可知，此处应填impression, leave a deep impression on sb为固定短语, 表示“给留下深刻印象故填impressiono46. competed考查时态。句意：在北京2022年奥运会上，来自91个国家和地区的2877名运动员争夺 了 109枚金牌。设空处在句中作谓语，需填动词；主语为athletes,与动词compete为主动关系，根据 At Beijing 2022可知为一般过去时。故填competedobravely考查副词。句意:运动员们勇敢地超越极限，创造了许多新的世界纪录和奥运会纪录。设 空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词competed,应用副词形式。故填bravely。47. a考查冠词。句意：这是“更快、更高、更强、更团结”的奥林匹克精神的生动体现。设空处在句中 限定后面的名词representation,此处泛指“一种生动体现”，应用不定冠词，设空处位于辅音音素开头的 单词vivid前，应用不定冠词a。故填a。48. 【to host或to have hosted】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京是第一个举办过夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的 城市。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is,设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为the first city,与host之间为主动关系，此处作后置定语，修饰the first city,应用todo不定式；结合句意可知 此处是在陈述客观事实，可直接用t。host；结合文章背景及上下文时态可知，此时冬奥会已经结束了， 也可用to do不定式的完成式to have hostedo故填to host或to have hostedo【are valued或were valued】考查谓语动词。句意：除了比赛之外，北京的独特魅力和北京为所有参赛 者提供的周到服务也受到了重视。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词形式；其主语为the unique charm and the thoughtful services,均动词value之间为被动关系，故此处用被动语态；结合句意 可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语为复数形式，故谓语也需用复数形式，故用are valued；若基于文章背景和上下文时态，此时冬奥会已结束，此处也可用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 are valued 或 were valued o49. to考查固定搭配。句意：作为新冠肺炎疫情期间如期举办的首个全球性综合体育赛事，北京冬奥 会高度重视所有参赛人员的健康和安全。attach great importance to sth.为固定搭配，表示“认为有重要性；重视”。故填to。50. effective考查形容词。句意:我们的新冠肺炎政策卓有成效，为疫情期间举办的其他重大国际活动 树立了成功典范。设空处在句中作表语，结合句意及提示词可知，此处应填形容词effective,表示“有 效的"，故填effective。51. 【whose】考查定语从句。句意：以“一起向未来”为主题的北京奥运会也为这座城市留下了丰富的遗产, 包括吸引3.46亿人参与冰雪运动，以及以更可持续的方式举办奥运会。分析句子结构可知，设空处在 句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词The Beijing Games,从句中不缺主干成分，但结合句意可知，此处 指“北京冬奥会的主题”，设空处在句中作定语修饰后面的名词theme,应用whose引导。故填whose。52. including考查非谓语动词。句意：以“一起向未来”为主题的北京奥运会也为这座城市留下了丰富 的遗产，包括吸引3.46亿人参与冰雪运动，以及以更可持续的方式举办奥运会。分析句子结构可知， 句中已有谓语动词have left,故设空处只能用非谓语动词形式,其逻辑主语为the Beijing games,与include 之间为主动关系，此处应填including。故填including。第四部分写作（满分25分）你的英国朋友Jim得知你12月份就要进行英语听说考试了，来信询问你的准备情况，请你给他写一 封邮件，内容包括.你现在面临的困难和挑战1 .你的学习计划和决心词数：100词左右；开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数Dear Jim,YoursLi Hua 【参考答案】Dear Jim,Thank you for your concern. Tm going to have my English listening and speaking exam in December, and Fm a little nervous about it.My difficulty in listening is that although I can understand the dialogue in the audio of the test, I am faced with some cultural differences in the questions, which makes it difficult for me to choose the correct answer. I also can't express my opinion freely in English and often feel that I have nothing to say on a certain topics.Although there are difficulties, I don't intend to give up. I plan to watch more American programs to learn more about American culture and practice listening. In my spare time, I plan to communicate more with the American exchange students in school and accumulate materials that may be used in the exam by reading more newspapers and magazines.I firmly believe that I can pass the exam with my unremitting efforts.YoursLi Hua【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封邮件，介绍针对12月份就要进行的英语听 说考试，你现在面临的困难和挑战以及你的学习计划和决心。【详情解析】.词汇积累困难:difficulty>trouble困难的：difficulthard表达：express一convey不'廨的：unremitting一untiring1 .句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I'm going to have my English listening and speaking exam in December, and I'm a little nervous about it. 拓展句：I'm going to have my English listening and speaking exam in December, about which I'm a little nervous.【点睛】高分句型 1 My difficulty in listening is that although I can understand the dialogue in the audio of the test, I am faced with some cultural differences in the questions, which makes it difficult for me to choose the correct answer. （运用了 that引导的表语从句，although引导的让步状语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句）高分句型 2 In my spare time, I plan to communicate more with the American exchange students in school and accumulate materials that may be used in the exam by reading more newspapers and magazines.（运用 了 that 弓I 导的定语从句）Justin?W: Yeah. Here's his address. Please take it with you. And please give him these medicines when you see him there.4. What do we know about the shirt?A. It ne