备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题 08 冠词--讲练.docx

专题07名同备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测-讲练目录命题解读二命题预测三主要考点四高考视角五定冠词（用法及固定搭配）六不定冠词（用法及固定搭配）七零冠词（用法及固定搭配）八即时练一练【命题解读】冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的都会涉到冠词。不定冠词和 定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。【命题预测】预计2023年高考冠词的考查仍旧是必考点。以语法填空和短文改错为主。在语法填空中，以 不给提示词形式命题。短文改错中，考查冠词的多用与少用，在固定搭配中以及冠词之间的 混用。【主要考点】1 .定冠词与不定冠词的区别；2 .不定冠词a, an的区别；3 .零冠词的使用；4 .常见搭配中的冠词；5 .特指与泛指时冠词的使用。2022高考视角】1. （2022年全国甲卷语法填空）.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute （致敬）to the ancient Silk Road. 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. 除了星星，那个宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。9.称呼语前面不用冠词，表示头衔和职务（这种职务一般只由一人担任）的名词的前面也常不 用冠词。What does this word mean, Father?这个词是什么意思，爸爸？Mrs Johnson is director of the office.约翰逊太太是办公室主任。（二）、零冠词的常见固定搭配give way to 给让路on hand在手头take part in 参力口by chance/accident 碰巧地on purpose故意地 ahead of time 提前for example 例如 in advance 提前in debt负债by mistake错误地，无意地under repair处于维修中day and night夜以继日地from morning till night 从早到晚face to face面对面地lose heart 灰心catch fire 着火out of control 失控out of work 失业in danger处于危险之中at risk有危险at dawn/noon/dusk/night在黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚in place在恰当的位置heart and soul全心全意地«即时练一练I,单句填空1. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things same way.2. The little pupil seized his younger brother by arm and ran across the street withhim.3. Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually great challenge to us.4. Scientists have many theories about how universe came into existence.5. It took us about three hours to go all way around the Xi'an City Wall.6. The plums are first to flower even as the snow is melting.7. Due to growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, varioustypes of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.8. The plums are first to flower even as the snow is melting.9. Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.10. When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was joke.11. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give running try.12. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.13. Experts think that recently discovered painting may be Picasso.14. India attained independence in 1947, after long struggle.15. Being able to afford drink would be comfort in those tough times.16. The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed.other is with mumshe never suspects.17. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while .exercising , or doingsomething you enjoy.18. prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.19. Animals are obviously lower form of life than man.20. In Chinese,date 2013-1-4 has similar pronunciation to "love you for lifetime", making it most lucky and romantic day.21. My grandmother was loved by ail peoplearound her.She was known to be wise and kind woman, who was able to do things welleven in her last years.答案：1. the 2.the 3.a4. the 5. the 6. the 7. the 8. the 9. the10. a 11. a 12. the 13.the, a 14. /, a 15.at a 16.the 17. a 18.The, a19.a, / 2O.a 21. the, aIL语篇填空阅读下面材料、在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Residents of Meilisi Daur district in Qiqihar, Heilongiang province, have felt it 41(easy) to take nucleic acid tests (核酸检测)or enter public venues without smartphone than before since they received a card with their personalized QR codeTo help overcome 42 difficulty of scanning codes with smartphones for some locals,especially the elderly,lhe district government has worked with local public security authorities43(promote)the user friendly initiative. Residents can present their cards before enteringcertain public facilities 44 the staff can scan the code to get the cardholders' healthinformation, such as a green code.If they show their green code when entering the facility,their visits 45(record) automatically.Over 15,000 residents in the district have received their cards after 46(apply) forone.With data of epidemic(流彳亍病)47(prevent) provided by local public security departments, the QR code cards are made for the seniors,students and others who find it difficult to use smartphones. The local government also printed the telephone 48(number) of theseniors' direct relatives,which can be useful in emergencies,49 they plan to promote thecards among all residents aged over 60 and students in all schools 50 kindergartens tosenior high schools【答案】41 . easier 42 .the 43 . to promote 44 . where 45 . will berecorded 46. applying 47. prevention 48. numbers 49. and 50. from【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯达斡尔区政府为解决 疫情期间老年人和学生因没有智能手机或不会操作，而导致作核酸检测困难的情况，推出了 一种带有个人二维码的卡片，通过扫描卡片，就可获得个人的健康信息，为市民提供了便利。 41.考查形容词比较级。句意：黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯达斡尔区的居民感到自从收到了 带有他们个人二维码的卡片后，没有手机作核酸检测或是进入公共场所比以前更容易了。分 析句子可知，此处应用形容词；根据句中的“than before”可判断，应为比较级。故填easier。 42.考查冠词。句意：为了克服一些当地人，尤其是老年人用智能手机扫描二维码的困难。 分析句子可知，此处应为冠词；由句意可知，这里特指扫描二维码的困难。故填the。43 .考查非谓语动词。句意：区政府与当地公安机关合作来向使用者发出友好的倡议。分析 句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词；结合句意，”向使用者发出友好的倡议”是“区政府与当地公 安机关合作''的目的，应用动词不定式。故填to promole。44 .考查定语从句。句意：居民在进入某些公共场所前可以出示卡片，员工能够扫描二维码 获得卡主的健康信息。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句；先行词是“public facilities”,关系副词 在从句中作状语，表示“在这些公共场所“，应用where。故填where。45 .考查时态和语态。句意：如果他们在进入这些场所时出示绿码，他们的行程就会被自动 记录。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词；由句意可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be recorded o46 .考查非谓语动词。句意：这个地区一万五千多居民在申请之后收到了他们的卡片。分析 句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词；“after”是介词，后面应用动名词形式。故填叩plying。47 .考查不可数名词。句意：带有当地公安部门提供的流行病预防数据，这些二维码卡片为 老年人、学生和其他使用智能手机有困难的人制作。分析句子可知，此处应为名词形式 prevention意为：预防，是不可数名词。故填prevention。48 .考查可数名词。句意：当地政府也打印了这些老年人的直系亲属的电话号码，能够在紧 急情况下有用。分析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据“relatives”可知，电话号码应为复数 telephone numberso 故填 numberso49 .考查连词。句意：并且他们计划在所有六十岁以上的居民及所有从幼儿园到高中的学校 中间宣传这些卡片。分析句子可知，此处用连词；根据句意，所在句与前面的句子之间为并 列关系，应用and连接。故填and。50 .考查介词。句意：并且他们计划在所有六十岁以上的居民及所有从幼儿园到高中的学校 中间宣传这些卡片。分析句子可知，此处用介词；根据句中“to”可判断用from,表达“从幼儿 园到高中“。故填from。2.(新疆伊宁教育联盟2022-2023学年上学期高三英语期中考试)Who was the inventor the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)? The people have 41(argue) for years.Now the UK government is 42 (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow 43 invented the ATMBack in the mid-1960s, James Goodfellow was working 44 a development engineer forGlasgow firm Kelvin Hughes, and had been responsible for inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw cash from banks when Saturday opening ended. uMost people 45(work) duringthe week couldn't get to the bank. They wanted a solution to it. The solution 46(be) amachine which would issue cash on demand to a 47(recognize) customer, he said. "I setabout 48(develop) a cash-issuing machine 49(make) this a reality, I invented the pin (personal identification number) and an associated coded token (代币)The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology. There are now 3 million ATMs worldwide, with the number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020. The good news for Goodfellow is that people arc beginning to know him for his invention. Even 50(good) fbrhim, the Home Office has now officially recognized his other achievements.【答案】41. argued 42. clearly 43. who#that 44. as 45. working 46. was47. recognized 48. developing 49. to make 5(). better【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自动取款机的发明者以及自动取款机的发展历史，以 及此项发明的意义。41 .考查过去分词。句意：人们争论了很多年。结合空前的have和时间状语for years可知， 句子是现在完成时，且主语people和动词argue之间是主动关系，故此处用过去分词。故填 argued o42 .考查副词。句意：现在英国政府明确表示，是James Goodfellow发明了自动取款机。修 饰动词saying应用副词clearly作状语。故填clearly。43 .考查强调句型。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是强调句型，被强调部分是主语James Goodfellow,指人，空处可填 who 或 that。故填 who/that。44 .考查介词。句意：早在20世纪60年代中期,James Goodfellow是Glasgow公司Kelvin Hughes 的开发工程师，他负责发明一种方法，让客户在周六营业结束时从银行提取现金。空后的“a development engineer”表示职务，故此处考查动词短语work as”担任职务”，as是介词。故填aso45 .考查现在分词。句意：大多数工作日上班的人都不能去银行。分析句子结构，此处作后 置定语，与前面名词people构成主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填working。46 .考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他说，解决方案是一台机器，它可以向被认可的客户按需 发放现金。结合上下文可知，文章是讲述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语Thesolulion 表示单数意义，be动词用was。故填was。47 .考查过去分词。句意同上。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词customer,非谓语动词 recognize与customer是被动关系，表示“被认可的“，用过去分词recognized作定语。故填 recognized o48 .考查动名词。句意：为了实现这一目标，我开始开发一台现金发行机，我发明了 pin （个 人识别号码）和相关的编码令牌。set about doing sth.开始做某事，develop用动名词形式。故 填 developingc49 .考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状 语。故填to make。50 .考查形容词比较级。句意：对他来说更好的是，内政部现在正式承认了他的其他成就。 此处even修饰比较级，加强语气，故填better。2. （2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空）Covering an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.答案：La 2. the不趣词的用法基树法口快：2S邮移，碱8嬲 T ;单憾就呼"解数词部"L同趟配:make a living谋生,have a good time玩艇* as a resu咽上.凝的用法魏词的瞅痂的活用基树法口认:神骐悉，及已期;世13抚I解噩高级； 普通专有名，计翱乐器； 施期自武器官瓦固超配：by the way艘说一下,at the same , take the place offtf-基本用法口诀:月、季、星期、洲,称呼, 头杠瞪前三段、球类, 嬲语翔、搬名词前.固魂配：at present 目前 ahead of time 提前 at risk有危险 by accident 邮一融名融象化表示部“机构更公共场郃名词在与介恸nJ。, at, after连用时，常 蛀碱额的期意义,如：at the school在幽,at school上学碗吊词好专有名词前表酒鼠僻的人蝴：A Lei Feng活雷餐加象名词具体化:和丽可眠鞋期假卿象名词鼠toshame, surprise, pleasure, honour, success, failure? She had been a beauty in her youth蝴附&MA.考点一定冠词the的用法1 .用在表示特指的人或物的名词前，尤其指上文提到过的（第二次提到的）或谈话双方都明确的人或物，也可指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物。The dictionary on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本词典是我的。Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.请把收音机音量调小点好吗？宝宝在睡觉。2 .用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。©As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。We are living in an age when many things can be done on the Internet.我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。注意有些事物虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如：space太空，nature自然， man人类等。3 .倍数表达 倍数+the size/width/height of中，名词前面加定冠词the典例剖析（2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空）Covering an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。本句的结构为：倍数+ lhe+名词（size/weight/lenglh .）+of B,表示“是B （大小/重量/长度）的多少倍。本句句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成 为中国首批国家公园之一。故填the。4 .用在表示计量的名词前，如:by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard 但是 如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如：by weight/height等。It's said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60,000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周付薪。5 .用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。Il is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。注意“a/an+序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一，再一”；另外，不定冠词a用于“most +形容词原级”之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time, with four points from three matches.最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。一Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?The younger one.He is a most humorous man.那对双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处？较小的那一个，他是一个非常幽默的人。6 .“动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中，定冠词the不可用形容词性物主代 词替代。take sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下，砸在他的头上。注意 在 be red in the face （脸红），be lame in the right leg （右腿岬），be blind in the left eye （左眼盲）等结构中，名词前也要用the。7 .定冠词与形容词连用，可以表示一类人或事物。the rich 富人；the wounded 伤员；the true, the good and （the） beautiful 真、善、美。8 .用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。9 .乐器前一定要加定冠词。Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.彼得喜欢踢足球，而我喜欢弹钢琴。10 .用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.在中国，刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班个子最高的男孩。典例剖析（2020 全国卷 II） The plum trees arc first to flower even as the snow is mclting（融化）.【答案】the【解析】考查冠诃。在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面用定冠诃the,设空处后面为序数词 first,故填定冠词theo定冠词的固定搭配in the day time 在白天in the end最后，终于in the habit of 习惯于make the most/best of 充分利用in the distance 在远处in the way 挡路on the whole总的来说on the right/left 在右/左面at the same time 同时at the moment 此刻for the time being 暂时in the public eye广为人知的go to the doctors 去看医生by the way顺便说；顺便问一下the other day 前几天on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话on the spot在场；到场；立即；马上；当场to tell (you) the truth 说实话,老实说go to the cinema 去看电影for the most part 通常，多半not in the least (= not at all)一点也不on the one hand on the other hand . 一方面另一方面典例剖析(2021 全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xi'an City Wall.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意“在西安城墙上骑行了一周花了我们大约3个小时。all the way为固 定搭配,意为“程，一路上”。故填the。考点二 不定冠词a, an的用法（一）、不定冠词的基本用法1 .不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain,意为“一个%或首次提到的泛 指的人或事物。©A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。一Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons', please?一Sorry, we don't have a Johnson here in the village.请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2 .抽象名词具体化的情况下，不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物。It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.对于一个国家来说，主办奥运会是一件成功的事。3 .表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个。A teacher must be strict with his students.教师必须严格要求他的学生。典例剖析1. （2022年全国甲卷语法填空）.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute （致敬）to the ancient Silk Road. 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡自愿在旅途中与他作伴。根据句意可知，此处 泛指“他的一个朋友“，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a,空处位于句首，首字 母大写。故填A。2. （2020天津高考3月）Don't be late for the 9： 00 meeting because I am on tight schedule and have to catch the11 ： （）0 train.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。分析句子可知，设空处需要填冠词，表示泛指。4 .用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。5 .用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”。The car moves 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。注意（1）不定冠词在句中的位置such a/an +单数可数名词；quite a/an +单数可数名词；rather a/an +单数可数名词。如果 修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词，则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之 间。He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。(2)不定冠词a与an的区别以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用ano但要注意以下两种 情况：有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要 使用 an, 如：an hour, an honest mano有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头，要使用a,如： a university, a European countryo(二)、含有不定冠词的常考短语have a holiday 度假make/earn a living 谋生get a lift/ride 搭便车go on a diet 节食as a result 因此as a matter of fact 事实上as a rule通常,照例have a cold患感冒have a good time 玩得高兴have a gift for W的天赋have a word with 与谈话have/take a rest 休息一下after a while 一 会儿后in a hurry匆忙地in a sense在某种意义上in a word 总之in a moment 立亥ljonce in a while 偶尔at a loss困惑,不知所措at a distance离一段距离，从远处for a while 暂时，一时once upon a time 从前all of a sudden 突然a waste of的浪费a matter of的问题have a population of 有人口have a history of 有的历史a collection of1fta knowledge of ( = know)知道an understanding of ( = understand)懂得注意通常成对出现的物品，一般只用一个不定冠词。如：a knife and fork一副刀叉。考点三零冠词的用法(一)、零冠词的基本用法1 .表示泛指