备考2023年高考二轮复习英语测试专题 15阅读理解：词义猜测题 -- （解析版）.docx

专题15阅读理解：词意猜溺题备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测-测（解析版）时间：40分钟共20小题名校最新模拟试题词义猜测（共20小题）1.（云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考）Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles.33. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “synthetically“ in paragraph 3?A. Naturally B. Artificially C. Biologically D. Industrially【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。由第三段“Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles.（虽然香草香精可以在天然香子兰豆提取物中找到，但也可以使用来自汽油的化学物质 synthetically香草香精。相反，为了用塑料制造香草香精，研究人员对一株大肠杆菌进行了基因改造，使 其能够从塑料瓶生产中使用的原材料中生产香草香精厂可知，第三段讲述了实验室里人造香草香精的过程, synthetically 意为“人造的（Artificially）故选 B 项。2.（四川省树德中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月阶段性测试）Overall, Norway is seeing a rapid increase in passenger car this yearmore than 35% higher than in 2020. With electric car sales booming, the future of the VAT exemption has been a top for political debate this year, as law makers look at how to bolster tax income while also supporting the move away from fossil fuels.30. What does the underlined word “bolster“ in the last paragraph mean?B. Reduce C. Receive D. Increase.A. Calculate【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“With electric car sales booming, the future of the VAT exemption has been a top for political debate this year”（随着电动汽车销售的蓬勃发展，免除增值税的未来成为今年政治辩论 的热门话题）可知，是否免除增值税将成为今年政治辩论的热点话题，结合划线单词前后“as law makers look at how to bolster tax income while also supporting the move away from fossil fUels."（因为立法者们正在研究如 何在支持远离化石燃料的同时bolster税收收入）可知，是否免除增值税将成为今年政治辩论的热点话题， 而对于立法者们而来说，他们想要的是双赢，即在支持远离化石燃料的同时，又能提高税收收入。所以可 以推断出划线单词“bolster”是“增力口”的意思，D选项“Increase”（增力口）与划线单词意思一样，A. Calculate if 算；B. Reduce减少；C. Receive收到，均不符,故选D。3.（山东省东营市第一中学2022-2023学年10月月考）In Kansas City, the KC Pet Project is seeing animals surrendered because of their owners' money problems. "It is sad to see a number of pets coming in through our doors J said KC Pet Project Chief Communications Officer Tori Fugate. "People are calling us every week saying, "I don't want to leave my animal, but I can't find a place to live with it."'9. What does the underlined word “surrendered“ in paragraph 4 mean?A. Hunted for B. Looked over C. Given up D. Handed out【答案】c【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“because of their owners9 money problems（因为主人的经济问题广和“It is sad to see a number of pets coming in through our doors（看到这么多宠物走进我们的家门，我们很难过）“可知， 划线词所在句子表示“在堪萨斯城，KC宠物项目看到一些动物因为主人的经济问题而被遗弃“，划线词 surrendered的意思是“遗弃"，和given up意思相近，故选C。4.（江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高三期初考试英语试题）For Amazon and Netflix, adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leaving. After a jump caused by pandemic in users, Netflix dropped 430,000 subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third quarter. Netflix has said in the past that in the "attention economy”, it competes against video games just as much as video streaming services.12. What does the underlined word “dissuade“ in Paragraph 3 mean?A. forbid B. Discourage C. release D. protect 【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“For Amazon and Netflix adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers（对于亚马逊和Netflix在他们的平台上增加游戏可以吸引更多的用户）”可知，平台加入电子游戏 元素，可以吸引一些新的订阅用户。由此推测划线句子意为“或者（这样做）至少劝阻现有的用户离开”， 即dissuade意为“劝阻"，与discourage同义。故选B。5.（湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考）As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.28. What does the underlined word "diploma-holders" in the first paragraph refer to?A. Employees B. Students C. Graduates D. Shareholders【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词前半句"With graduation ceremonies behind them,（随着毕业典礼的 结束，厂可知I,随着毕业典礼的结束，最新一批文凭持有者正在进入就业市场。可以推出，diploma-holders 指的是那些参加完毕业典礼，准备进入就业市场的毕业生。这与diploma-holder”毕业文凭持有者”的字面意 思也相符。故选C。6.（河南省名校联盟2022-2023学年上学期开学考英语试题）Lotse had shared the story of the blind US mountaineer Erik Weihenmayer, who climbed Qomolangma in May 2001. Zhang was touched by the story, which ignited his dream of climbing.5. What does the underlined word "ignited“ in paragraph 5 mean?A. Lighted B. Accomplished C. Followed D. Recalled【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Lotse had shared the story of the blind US mountaineer Erik Weihenmayer, who climbed Qomolangma in May 2001. Zhang was touched by the story, which ignited his dream of climbing.（洛茨曾分享过美国盲人登山者埃里克维亨迈尔在2001年5月攀登珠穆朗玛峰的故事。这个故事 感动了他，ignited 了他的登山梦想）”中划线词后“his dream of climbing”和可推知，埃里克维亨迈尔的故事 点燃了张的登山梦想，结合选项，动词ignite与light同义，意为“点燃，激起二 故选A项。7 .（河北省保定市2022-2023学年高三9月份考试英语试题）But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy and the desire to connect with othersboth avenues through the prison of heartache and despair.What does the underlined word “avenues“ in paragraph 2 mean?A. Relations B. Pathways C. Stations D. Struggles【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“But research shows there are pathways through the heartache.（但研究表 明，心痛是有途径的）”以及画线词上文“It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy and the desire to connect with others （它可以帮助你重新对生活感至U快乐和希望。它可以 激发同理心和与他人联系的欲望）“可知，悲伤的音乐可以帮助你重新对生活感到快乐和希望，以及激发同 理心和与他人联系的欲望，这两种途径都可以穿过心痛和绝望的牢笼。故画线词意思是“途径:故选B。8 .（北京市师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期开学摸底考试）And once an idea gets the grann light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men.27. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means. A. hits the marketB gets approvalC. becomes successfulD. comes into being【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线短语的主语“an idea"意为"想法；主意L结合后文“ it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men."（然后，它各由产品设计和工 程团队来处理，其中四分之三的成员是男性。）可知，这个想法或创意应是先被批准，才将由产品设计和 工程团队来处理。由此可推知，划线短语“gets the green light”应是“获得批准”含义，与选项Begets approval（得 到批准）”表达含义一致。故选B项。8. （北京市八一学校2022-2023学年高三暑期学习反馈英语试题）Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. 26. What does the underlined word “blow-up“ in the last paragraph most probably mean?A. Hot-air balloon B. Digital camera C. Big photograph D. Bird's view【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句 Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors9 centers.可知， 美国国家航空航天 局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转 交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。根据常识可知，游客中心的照片 一般都很大，以吸引游客的注意，故此处意为“将照片放大“，选C。9. （2023届河南省洛阳市洛阳创新发展联盟高三摸底考试英语试题）Researchers from The University of Queensland（UQ）have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a "birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.32. What does the underlined word "eliminating" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Giving in to B. Coming across C. Putting up with D. Breaking down【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a "birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.（鸟类语言多样性网络应用程序将有助 于提供“鸟瞰视图”，确保重要信息共享，以改善全球保护。）”以及第二段“"Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation, Dr Negret said.（“关于物种的科学信息可以在不同的语言中传播，但有价值的信息可能会在翻译中丢失或丢 失，”内格雷特博士说。）”可知，这款应用程序通过打破科学家之间的语言障碍来保护世界各地濒临灭绝 的鸟类。由此可推知，eliminate在此意为“破坏，消除”。故选D。11.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）Recently, a new study has shown that certain cells, called time cells, make this type of memory possible.These cells help us form clear memories in time order.As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories.Later, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.5. Which can replace the word “sequence“ in the 2nd paragraph?A. ResultB. NumberC. DetailD. Order【答案】D【解析】 词句猜测题。根据上句"As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories 当记忆形成时,这些时间细胞在记忆上烙上了印记。以及events and experiences.”时间和经历的细节。 可知这些时间细胞在记忆上烙上的印记帮助我们叙述事件和经历的确切顺序。"sequence"意思是顺序。故 选D项。12.（北京101中学2022届上学期高三年级10月月考英语试卷）In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: "Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture," she said, nthat if we don't take care of the earth, no will."26. What is the nthe bigger picture11 （Para. 6） that Loe wishes her children to understand?A. The knowledge about good food.B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.C. The joy of getting in touch with foods.D. The responsibility to protect our earth.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段Loe说的话，分析句子结构可知，“that if we don*t take care of the earth, no will是划线部分的同位语，是起对划线部分解析说明的作用。根据这句话，我们可以推断出，Loe是想 让孩子们理解，如果不能照顾好这个地球，以后也不会吃到自己种的菜了。所以，她是想让孩子们理解保 护好地球是每个人的责任。故选D项。13. （2022年8月浙江省，山水联盟”高三联考）The researchers are uncertain why the chimps use the insects, or even which insects they are, but suspect they might have lenitive properties that could provide pain relief.9. Which of the following can best replace the word "lenitive“ in Paragraph 2?A. OriginalB. RelievingC. RefreshingD. Resistant【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线词后的句子“that could provide pain relief.（这可以缓解疼痛）”可 知，上文划线部分的lenitive与relieving“缓解的”同意，故选B项。14. （2022年浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. "I describe it as the 'teenage years1 of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things." says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.D. The company doesn*t say it's "green” and “eco”.6. What does the underlined word “hamper“ probably mean?A. putB. clarifyC. stopD. divide【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后段“preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency.”（阻止 全球协作处理气候紧急情况。）可以推测出，错误的声明实际上阻碍钱和资源流入真正绿色的新计划和业务 中，才会阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。A.put放；B. clarify阐明；C.stop停止，阻拦；D. divide分开。 所以hamper应与选项C. stop同义，意为阻止，阻碍。故选C。15.（北京交通大学附中2023届高三开学英语诊断练习）A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it's thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science the more people looking at a claim from different angles - is important.32. What does the underlined word "vetted“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Examined B. Explained. C. Repeated. D. Released.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据根据第四段第一句"A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively.”（科学判断的一个关键方面是集体判断。）和最后一句"And this is why diversity in science 一 the more people looking at a claim from different angles is important."（这就是为什么科学的多样性更多的人从不同的角度看待一项主张很重要。）可知，此处是指一个主张需要经过很多人的检测才会被接受。 所以vetted意为“被检测”。故选A。16.（广东省东莞市东华高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期模拟考试）The moral of this story is. don*t give up. Even if things look bleak now. don*t give up. Things change If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "bleak” in the last paragraph?A. unattractive B. hopeless C. thrilling D. promising【答案】B【解析】猜测词义题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句"The moral of this story is.don!t give up. Even if things look bleak now, doiTt give up."（这个故事的寓意是 不要放弃。即使现在情况看起来很bleak ,也不要放 弃。）可知，能够导致你对一件事情的放弃，这件事可能是无望的或者是糟糕的，所以能够替换bleak的词 是hopeless。故选B项。17.（广东省汕头市金山中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考）Hidden under the jungles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, more than 60,000 human-made features-homes, canals, highways, some of which can even reach the modernized standard一have been identified by an international cooperation of researchers headed by the PACUNAM Foundation, a Maya cultural and natural heritage organization. Those have experts rethinking the outlines and complexity of the Maya empire.9. What does the underlined word "Those“ in paragraph 4 refer to?A. The jungles of the Reserve.B. The outlines of the Maya empire.C. The researchers of the organization.D. The man-made projects of the Reserve.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Hidden under the jungles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, more than 60,000 human-made features-homes, canals, highways, some of which can even reach the modernized standard （城市遗 迹隐藏在玛雅生态保护区处的密林之下。超过6万多项人造工程有房舍、运河。高速公路，它们当中有一 些建造水准已经达到当代的水平广可知，划线代词those指的是前文中提到的“玛雅生物保护区的6万多项 人造工程”。故选D项。18.（广西北海市2022-2023学年高三上学期9月联考适应性考试）Dogs are born to socialise with people because we raise them that way. Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects and will stare at our faces when they're spoken to-both signs that dogs have an innate capacity to interact with us through body language.28. What does the underlined word “innate“ in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Weak B. Natural C. Secret D. Complete【答案】B解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段"Dogs are bom to socialise with people because we raise them that way. Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects（狗天生就会与人交往，因为我们 把它们养大了。两个月大的小狗已经能认出人们指着什么东西广可知，两个迹象都表明狗有与生俱来的能 力可以通过肢体语言与我们互动。故innate与上文中出现的born应是同义词，B项“天生的”符合题意。故 选B项。19.（广东省深圳市光明区2022-2023学年高三第一次模拟考试）Even long-buried ruins can leave a mark on the surface, affecting the growth of vegetation（植被）and so resulting in “crop marks”. These outlines become apparent from high above and with instruments attuned to certain wavelengths of light.13. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “attuned“ in paragraph 2?A. Compared B. Adjusted C. Appealed D. Launched【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据本句中“instruments"和“certain wa