2023年高考英语复习全国通用第11讲 阅读理解细节理解题（测）（解析版）.docx

第11讲阅读理解细节理解题（测）时间：45分钟满分：50分阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）A（2021 天津高考真题）Job for You!Family Alliance Meal DeliveryFamily Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two times aweek for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County.All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery.Working hours: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesdays and FridaysFor more information, contact Charles Chen at Or call 740-6668988Lancaster WeeklyWould you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? If so we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you.Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper. You may I have to cover some distance. Bicycles are available if needed. Working hours: 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays For more informationCall 740-6538360Lancaster DesignWe provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes ofpeople who were oncehomeless.We need people who can work at our warehouse （仓 库）sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more. Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.Interested? Submit your application to Or call 7406119735Parkview Nursing HomeCaregivers are wanted. We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest inworking with older adults.As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is availableif required.For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View LaneOr contact Ellen White at 740-6968399Which job requires a driver's license?A. Delivering meals.B. Delivering newspapers.C. Working at the warehouse.D. Working at the nursing home.1. Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job?A. Applicants are expected to design furniture.B. Work is arranged according to one's skill set.19. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.（人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极方面而不是消极后果。户和第三段“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.（在以上两个案例中，受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压 力的人来说记得更多更清楚的是奖励的物资而不是惩罚。广由此可知，人们在压力下往往会更好地记住奖 励。故选A。20. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的标题及第一自然段的总结可知压力影响的是人们做出决定的方式， 即如何作出选择。第一自然段为文章的中心，一项新的研究表明压力影响了人们对有利条件和不利条件 的考虑方式，导致了人们更多的去思考好的一面而忽视了消极的一面，故选A。21. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.”实验中，在受到冰冷的水的压力之 下男士趋向于冒更大的险，而女士的反映则相反，故选D。G（2013陕西高考真题）In 1978,1 was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia. I was looking forward to having five fays off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought Td hitch a ride （搭便车）.I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldn't give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured （使放心、）me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Twenty-five years later, in 2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You haven't changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.,91 couldn't remember where I'd met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.22. The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because. A. her work delayed her trip to Sydneyshe was going home for her holidaysB. the town was far away from Sydneyshe missed the only train back home23. Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2? A. He helped the girl find a rideB He gave the girl a ride back home. C. He bought sandwiches for the girlD. He watched the girl for three hours.24. The reason why the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that.A. she realized he was Gordonshe had known him for decadesB. she was going to the nearby townshe wanted to repay the favour she once got25. What does the author want to tell the readers through the story?A. Giving sometimes produces nice resultsThose who give rides will be rapid.C , Good manners bring about happinessD. People should offer free rides to others.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了 25年前自己错过了唯一的一趟回家的火车，她想搭便车回 家但没有人为她停车。最后一位名叫Gordon的人把自己请到家中吃了午饭并帮助自己找到了回家的便车。 25年后的一天搭自己便车的老人竟然是那位名叫Gordon的人。22. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第段中的the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left So I thought Fd hitch a ride唯一的一趟回家的火车已经离开，所以我想搭便车回家。选D。23. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中he also offered to help me find a lift home他还主动帮助我找 到回家的便车故选A项。24. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favor rd been given decades earlier可知，我认为这是回报几十年前给我帮助的人的又一次机会。故选D项。25. A【解析】推理判断题。综合分析全文内容作者讲述了 25年前自己错过了唯一的一趟回家的火车，她 想搭便车回家但没有人为她停车。最后一位名叫Gordon的人把自己请到家中吃了午饭并帮助自己找到了 回家的便车。25年后的一天搭自己便车的老人竟然是那位名叫Gordon的人。所以25年前作者得到Gordon 的帮助，25年后Gordon又偶然地得到作者的帮助。故作者想通过这个故事，告诉我们：给予有时会产生 好的结果。故选A项。B. It involves collecting furniture from homes.C. It favors applicants who are homeless.3. A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by.A. Family Alliance Meal DeliveryB Lancaster DesignC. Lancaster WeeklyParkview Nursing Home4. Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly?A. 740-6668988.B. 740-6119735.C. 740-6538360.D. 740-6968399.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章刊登了四则招工广告。L A【解析】细节理解题。该小题问哪份儿工作需要有驾照。根据第一则广告第二段“AU applicants must have a drivers license and access to a car.（所有的申请人都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。）可知，第一则广 告招聘外卖送餐工，并要求应聘者有驾照。故选A项。2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据 Lancaster Design 广告“Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set. （应聘者将会被安排与自己技术相匹配的任务。）可知，B项（Lancaster Design job的工作是根据个人的技能来安排的）这一表述正确。故选B项。3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Lancaster Weekly"Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper.（成人和13岁以上的青少年都可以投递我们的报纸。）可知，中学生（13+）也有可能会被 Lancaster Weekly 雇佣。故选 C 项。4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据 Parkview Nursing Home 广告部分“We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest in working with older adults.（我们寻找有耐心，有爱心，有经验和兴 趣与老年人一起工作的人。）可知，Parkview Nursing Home招聘照顾老人的员工，他们养老院的电话是 740-6968399o 故选 D 项。B（2021 浙江高考真题）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities （机 会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a "good"，quickly followed by "I'm hungry*1. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes （路线）,with days ofregular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can betough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it's certainly worth trying.5. Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?A. To make comparisons.B. To introduce the topic.C. To support her argument.D. To provide examples.6. What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?A.Plain laziness.B.Health problems.C.Lack of time.D.Security concerns.7. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?A.She can get relaxed after work.B.She can keep physically fit.C.She can help with her son*s study.D.She can know her sonbetter.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重 要性。5. B【解析】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2: 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 percent of children walked to school while in 2010, it was as low asl5 percent今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力 活动少了 2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%户说明作 者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的 预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B项。6. C【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第三段中“Families are pressed for time: many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.（家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择 的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区户可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不 够。故选C项。7. D【解析】细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.（但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在 理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多）''说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能 让她更了解她的儿子。故选D项。C（2021 浙江高考真题）More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural （农村）India. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage （子UL院）.There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town*s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station“一and there it was. nAnd on the left-hand side you should see a big fountainn-and there it was. Everything just started to match.When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. “There's something about me, " he thought-and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, HMy mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion （核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.8. Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?A. He got on a train by mistake.B. He got lost while playing in the street.C. He was taken away by a foreigner.D. He was adopted by an Australian family.9. How did Brierley find his hometown?A. By analyzing old pictures.B. By travelling all around India.C. By studying digital maps.D. By spreading his story via his book.10. What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?A. His love for his mother.B. His reunion with his mother.C. His long way back home.D. His memory of his hometown.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布尔利小时候意外走失，长大后通过自己努力找回家人的 故事。8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"When he woke up and found himself alone: the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him-so he got on.（当他醒来发现自己一个人时：4 岁 的孩子判断他哥哥可能在他前面看到的火车上，所以他上了车）“以及第二段中“That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city.（那列火车把他带到了一个千里迢迢之外的陌生城 市）”可知，布尔利在25年前和家人分开是因为他误上了火车。故选A项。9. C【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第四段“Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures.（然后他找到了一个数字地图程序。他花了数年时间在该节 目的卫星图片中寻找家乡）''以及"Everything just started to match.（一切都开始匹配了）”可知，布尔利是通过 研究数字地图找到家乡的。故选C项。10. B【解析】细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“In an interview Brierley says: "My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know: it was like nuclear fusion （核聚变）.just didn't know what to say: because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.（在一次采访中,布 尔利说：“我妈妈看起来比我记忆中矮多了。但是她走了出来，朝我走来，我也向着她走去，我的感情、 眼泪和大脑里的化学物质，你知道的：就像发生了核聚变。只是不知道该说些什么：因为我从没想过见到 我母亲会成为现实。我就在这里，站在她面前。户可知，作者在采访中讲述了他和母亲的团聚。故选B项。D（2012四川高考真题）In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. "Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses J Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through