高中英语 语法过关名词辅导课件.ppt

附附 录录 语法过关落实语法过关落实(一一)名词名词一、名词的同义词辨析一、名词的同义词辨析1.常作为考点的名词同义词常作为考点的名词同义词 approach；method；way；means area；region；field；district argument；quarrel；debate award；reward；prize background；environment；surrounding behaviour；action；act benefit；profit case；example；instance；sample cause；reason；excuse climate；weather condition；situation2021/8/11 星期三1contest；competition；match；raceconsequence；result custom；habit；practicediet；food direction；instructionenergy；strength；force；power；abilityevent；affair；business fault；mistake；errorglimpse；glance；look；sightlabour；work；job；taskmessage；news；information；wordopinion；idea；thought；mindpattern；design；style；modelpercent；percentage 2021/8/11 星期三2practice；training；exercisepurpose；aim；goal；target scene；scenery；sight；viewshade；shadow skill；abilityspirit；courage symbol；sign；markterm；condition；case touch；contact；connectionvalue；price；cost variety；speciesview；sight；vision voyage；trip；journeywage；salary；pay；income2021/8/11 星期三32.名词同义词辨析题解题技巧名词同义词辨析题解题技巧 从三个方面考虑：从三个方面考虑：词义；词义；搭配搭配(与介词或动词搭配与介词或动词搭配)；惯用惯用 法法【例【例1】Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _.A.entrance B.admission C.access D.entry 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入口，门口，进入入口，门口，进入”；admission“允许进入，承认允许进入，承认”；entry“进入，入口进入，入口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等 地的权利。如：地的权利。如：They were refused entrance to the exhibition.“他们被他们被 拒于展览会门外。拒于展览会门外。”Entry to the museum is free.“这家博物馆免费进这家博物馆免费进 入参观。入参观。”She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.“她没有被自己选择的大学录取。她没有被自己选择的大学录取。”access“通道通道”，也可指，也可指接近接近 或使用某东西的或使用某东西的“权利，机会权利，机会”。如：。如：Students must have access to good resources.“学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意根据题意“对对 于可以使用互联网的人来说，要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。于可以使用互联网的人来说，要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为可知答案为C。2021/8/11 星期三4【例【例2】Except on formal _ such as official reception,American society has a certain amount of informality.A.conditions B.cases C.occasions D.situations 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可作词都可作“情况情况”解。解。condition常与介词常与介词in或或under搭配使用，多搭配使用，多用复数形式：用复数形式：in/under.conditions“在在情况下，在情况下，在条件下，条件下，在在环境下环境下”，但，但condition也可与介词也可与介词on搭配，只能用单数形搭配，只能用单数形式：式：on condition that“只要，条件是只要，条件是”。case与介词与介词in搭配：搭配：in that/this case“在那在那(这这)种情况下，如果那种情况下，如果那(这这)样的话样的话”，in such cases“在这种情况下在这种情况下”，in case of“如果，万一如果，万一”。occasion与介词与介词on搭配：搭配：on that/this occasion“在那在那(这这)种场合种场合”，on special occasions“在特殊场合在特殊场合”。situation与介词与介词in搭配：搭配：in a difficult situation“处境困难处境困难”，in unexpected situations“在意外情况下在意外情况下”。据此可知本题答案为据此可知本题答案为C，题意是，题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合，除了在官方接待这样的正式场合，美国社会是较为随便的。美国社会是较为随便的。”2021/8/11 星期三5【例【例3】“I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up.I just turned it on,thats all，”said the boy.A.error B.mistake C.fault D.duty 解题关键解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error,mistake和和fault都可译为都可译为“错误错误”，但，但it is ones fault是惯用法。如：是惯用法。如：Its not my fault./Whose fault is it that were late？根据题意？根据题意“我我认认 为电视机爆炸不是我的错，我只是打开了电视，仅此而已。为电视机爆炸不是我的错，我只是打开了电视，仅此而已。”可可 知答案为知答案为C。二、名词与动词的搭配二、名词与动词的搭配 play jokes/tricks on开开的玩笑；捉弄的玩笑；捉弄 take advantage of利用利用 put.into practice；turn.into reality实行；实施实行；实施2021/8/11 星期三6take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦地做某事不辞劳苦地做某事have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难做某事有困难make an effort to do sth.努力去做某事努力去做某事take pains to do sth.尽力去做某事尽力去做某事spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事不遗余力做某事take no notice of；pay no attention to不注意；忽视不注意；忽视keep/get in touch/contact with；have connection with与与保持保持/取得取得/有联系有联系keep/bear.in mind；learn.by heart记住；熟记记住；熟记put ones heart into.；put ones mind to.全身心地去做全身心地去做take.into account/consideration将将考虑在内考虑在内2021/8/11 星期三7take action；take measures采取措施采取措施take/follow ones advice接受某人的建议接受某人的建议make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事试图做某事puzzle ones brain over sth.绞尽脑汁做某事绞尽脑汁做某事take charge of对对负责；掌管负责；掌管keep pany陪伴某人陪伴某人make a difference起作用；与众不同起作用；与众不同make no difference没有关系或影响；无关紧要没有关系或影响；无关紧要have a narrow escape九死一生九死一生come into existence存在；成立存在；成立find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子do sb.a favour帮助某人；帮某人的忙帮助某人；帮某人的忙2021/8/11 星期三8lend/give sb.a hand帮助某人帮助某人have/form/develop the habit of doing sth.有有/养成养成习惯习惯make/leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象给某人留下印象have an influence/impact/effect on/upon.对对有影响有影响give/offer sb.a lift让某人搭便车；载某人一程让某人搭便车；载某人一程take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信给某人捎个口信leave sb.a message给某人留个口信给某人留个口信bring/call.to mind使某人想起使某人想起satisfy/meet/cover ones needs/demands/requirements满足某人的需求满足某人的需求/要求要求/条件条件come to power执政；当权执政；当权take pride in以以为豪；为为豪；为感到骄傲感到骄傲2021/8/11 星期三9 take possession of拥有拥有 keep a record of记录；记载记录；记载 take responsibility for对对负责负责 take a risk冒险冒险 make room for为为腾出地方腾出地方 make sense有道理；是明智的；有意义有道理；是明智的；有意义三、名词作定语三、名词作定语1.名词作定语，通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如：名词作定语，通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如：a coffee cup；telephone number；paper flowers；weather forecast；seat belt；income tax；identity card；stone bridge；heart trouble2.名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但个别词除外。如：名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但个别词除外。如：a clothes shop服装店；服装店；a sports meet运动会；运动会；a sports car跑车；跑车；a woman doctor一个女医生；一个女医生；three women doctors三位女医生三位女医生2021/8/11 星期三10四、名词的数四、名词的数1.下列名词是不可数名词：下列名词是不可数名词：information；luggage；furniture；equipment；baggage；jewellery；machinery；clothing；fruit；luck；fun；health；wealth；weather；confidence；access；respect等。等。What fun we had on the seashore!Everybody has access to the public library.2.下列名词通常作不可数名词用，但当指下列名词通常作不可数名词用，但当指“具体的人、事具体的人、事”时是可时是可 数名词：数名词：surprise；pleasure；satisfaction；honour；failure；success；help；delight；shock；fright；comfort；concern；pride等。等。He is still in a state of shock.他还是很吃惊。他还是很吃惊。The news of his death came as a shock to us all.他去世的消息令我们很震惊。他去世的消息令我们很震惊。2021/8/11 星期三113.下列不可数名词可与不定冠词连用，特别是其前有形容词修饰下列不可数名词可与不定冠词连用，特别是其前有形容词修饰 时：时：interest；knowledge等。等。He has a wide knowledge of painting and music.4.下列名词有时可用作可数名词：下列名词有时可用作可数名词：tea；coffee。Two teas and three coffees,please.5.下列名词常用复数形式：下列名词常用复数形式：congratulations；greetings；regards；wishes；tears；belongings；surroundings等。等。Congratulations on your exam results!6.下列名词是复数名词：下列名词是复数名词：police；people；folk(s)；cattle等。等。The police are in search of the attempted murderer.7.下列名词作可数名词和不可数名词时，意义不同：下列名词作可数名词和不可数名词时，意义不同：word(可数可数)“字；词；话语字；词；话语”：Have a word with Pat and see what she thinks.(不可数不可数)“消息；信息消息；信息”：2021/8/11 星期三12She sent word that she would be late.exercise(可数可数)“练习；习题练习；习题”：Our teacher gave us many exercises for us to do after school.(不可数不可数)“锻炼；运动锻炼；运动”：Swimming is good exercise.room(可数可数)“房间房间”：He lives in a large room,which is well furnished.(不可数不可数)“空间空间”：This table takes up too much room.experience(可数可数)“经历经历”：Living in Africa was quite an experience for her.(不可数不可数)“经验经验”：She has much teaching experience.work(可数可数)“作品；艺术品作品；艺术品”：2021/8/11 星期三13 Many works of art were stolen from the museum last night.(不可数不可数)“工作工作”：Its difficult to find work in the present economic climate.过关落实过关落实1.He and his wife are of the same _；they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind 解析：解析：be of the same mindbe of the same mind想法一样。想法一样。答案：答案：D2.One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.A.bills B.expenses C.prices D.charges 解析解析:living expensesliving expenses生活费生活费;bills;bills指账单指账单;charges;charges意为收费。意为收费。答案：答案：B2021/8/11 星期三143.The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _ in many parts of the city.A.look B.sign C.sight D.appearance 解析：解析：sightsight景象，景观；景象，景观；looklook表情，面貌；表情，面貌；signsign标志，符号；标志，符号；appearance appearance表象，外貌。表象，外貌。答案：答案：C4.You are always full of _.Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.A.power B.strength C.force D.energy 解析：解析：full of energyfull of energy充满活力；充满活力；powerpower常指权力，电力；常指权力，电力；strength strength力气；力气；forceforce武力。武力。答案：答案：D2021/8/11 星期三155.Of the seven days in a week，Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries.A.way B.situation C.event D.choice 解析：解析：“周六是婚礼的最佳选择周六是婚礼的最佳选择”，用，用choicechoice。答案：答案：D6.My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A.drill B.action C.regulation D.routine 解析：解析：routineroutine表示常规或惯例。表示常规或惯例。答案：答案：D2021/8/11 星期三167.AIDS control and prevention is a _ to China as well as the whole world.A.surprise B.challenge C.reaction D.threat 解析：解析：be a challenge to.be a challenge to.，对，对来说是个挑战。来说是个挑战。答案：答案：B8.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _.A.date B.shape C.order D.balance 解析：解析：由句意可知由句意可知out of shapeout of shape指指“变形变形”。答案：答案：B2021/8/11 星期三179.If you like I can do some shopping for you.Thats a very kind _.A.offer B.service C.point D.suggestion 解析：解析：offeroffer作名词时意为作名词时意为“提供、提议提供、提议”。答案：答案：A10.Finding information in todays world is easy.The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A.ability B.competition C.challenge D.knowledge 解析：解析：由句意由句意“找出信息是容易的，但如何判断信息是否有用找出信息是容易的，但如何判断信息是否有用则则 是个挑战是个挑战”可知。可知。答案：答案：C2021/8/11 星期三1811.Mickey bought an old car cheaply，cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a _.A.benefit B.bargain C.profit D.prize 解析：解析：at a profit(of)at a profit(of)意为意为“(“(以赚以赚)而获利而获利”。答案：答案：C12.Although it is not our normal _ to give credit in our shop，this time I think we should consider the matter more closely.A.habit B.intention C.action D.practice 解析：解析：由句意由句意“尽管我们店里不常赊帐尽管我们店里不常赊帐”，可知此处，可知此处 practice practice指指“惯例、习俗惯例、习俗”。答案：答案：D2021/8/11 星期三1913.He can speak English，German，French and Japanese.He is nearly a man with a _ for languages.A.gift B.present C.reward D.wealth 解析：解析：gift gift 此处意为此处意为“天赋、禀赋天赋、禀赋”。答案：答案：A14.He was _ as a designer，which was _ to us all.A.a success；a surprise B.success；surprise C.a success；surprise D.success；a surprise 解析：解析：successsuccess，surprisesurprise均为抽象名词，但当其指均为抽象名词，但当其指“成功成功(令令人人 惊讶惊讶)的人或事的人或事”时，则已具体化，为可数名词。时，则已具体化，为可数名词。答案：答案：A2021/8/11 星期三2015.They waved with their hands and hats a last _ to their friends.A.congratulation B.look C.farewell D.leave 解析：解析：farewell farewell 同同goodbyegoodbye，表，表“辞别、告别辞别、告别”。答案：答案：C2021/8/11 星期三212021/8/11 星期三22