小学四年级英语语法(25页).doc

-第 1 页小学四年级英语语法-第 2 页智趣外语学校四年级语法大全第一章名词1.名词的数2.名词的格第二章代词1.人称代词2.物主代词第三章冠词 与 数词1.冠词2.数词第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章句型1陈述句2疑问句3祈使句4There be 句型与 have has第七章总结考试第一章 名词（Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如 a piece of bread(一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加 s.词尾读音shop-shops(商店)在清辅音后读 s bag-bags(书包)在浊辅音后读 z window-windows(窗户)在元音后读 z 2.以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的单词在词尾加 es。class-classes(班级)词尾读音 iz box-boxes(盒子)match-matches(比赛)brush-brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变 y 为 i 加 es.story-stories(故事)词尾读音 iz 4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加 skey-keys词尾读音 z monkey-monkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato-tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音 z potato-potatoes(土豆)zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，-第 3 页头顶一个大芒果（mango）。6.以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 或 fe 为 ves.leaf-leaves(树叶)词尾读音 vz knife-knives(小刀)*（以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，需把 f 或 fe 变 ves 的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光。*（以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，直接加“s”的单词）口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例：roof-roofs(屋顶)7.不规则名词复数的变化man-men(男人)tooth-teeth(牙齿)child-children(儿童)mouse-mice(老鼠)foot-feet(脚)woman-women(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheep-sheep(绵羊)deer-deer（鹿）English-English（英国人）Chinese-Chinese（中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人 a 变 e；鹅，足，牙齿 oo 变 ee；其实老鼠也好记 ous 变 ic；孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如:This is Toms desk.这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mikes book.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾 s,则仅加一个.如:the teachers reading room教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以 s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s。如：the childrens palace少年宫mens room男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s 前面加一撇，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple_3.city _4.house _5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato _8.child _9.tooth _10.foot _11.wife _12.potato _13.play _14.day _15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _18.life _19.story _20.leaf _21.baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24.deer _25.class _-第 4 页26.brush _ 27.key _28.English_29.mouse _30.man_二、汉译英1Tom 的足球 _2.老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_10 女孩们的苹果_三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些 是 Peter 的篮球吗？_2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_3有一些书在 Sam 的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错（圈出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table._2.This is Alice dress._3.I like tomato very much._五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2.There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._能力测试卷（名词）一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2.boxbusbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkeybabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6.childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“”1The house is my brother._2.He has visited many country._3.They are Englishs._4.This is Tom red bike._三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room.A.ChinesesB.Englishman2.The old man will have _ out.A.two toothsB.two teeth3._ are sold in this bookstore.-第 5 页A.Childrens booksB.Children books4.Some friends of _ will come here.A.JohnsB.John5.Can you give me _?A.some papersB.a piece of paper6.There are_ on the floor.A.some boxB.some boxes四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white._2.There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor._第二章 代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称Ime第二人称youyou第三人称hesheithimherit复数第一人称Weus第二人称youyou第三人称theythem主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1）单数代词：you and I;you and he;he and I;you,he and I2）复数代词：we and they;we and you;you and they;we,you and they3）第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名词性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs-第 6 页名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词例，Whose coat is this?这是谁的上衣?Its hers.是她的。hers=her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，myyourhisheritsourtheir 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“*自己”。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesI can do it by myself.我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves 替-f四、指示代词This(这个)-these(这些)指近处的事物That(那个)-these(那些)指远处的事物例，This is a book.这是本书。These are some books.这些是书。That is a car.那是辆小汽车。Those are some cars.那些是小汽车.代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.1.Mary is a friend of _.(I)2.2.This is _(she)ruler._(I)is in the bag.3.3.Her brother is too young to look after _(he)4.4.This is _(I)book.This book is _(I).5.5.These pens are _(we).二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你，你们他她它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg,This is my book.-The book is mine.1.That is her ruler._2.These are their footballs._3.This is my backpack._4.Those are your boxes._四、把下列句子改写成复数。1.This is a butterfly._2.That is a bus._3.It is a mouse._五、改错。1.This is mine lamp._-第 7 页2.These are ours books._3.That are their teacher._4.The house is my brother._5.He has visited many country._6.They are Chineses._7.This is Tom red bike._能力测试卷（代词）一、帮下面的好朋友团圆（连线）I她its我们her他（她，它）们we我they你的their他（她，它）们your她的she它的二、填空1Shes a teacher.This is _ bag.2.Hes a driver.This is _ taxi.3.I am a boy._ name is Peter.4.-Whats _ name?-My name is Tony.5.Its my puppy._ name is Mimi.三、选择()1.Your book is not so old as _.A.himB.heC.hisD.she()2._ book is it?Its _.A.WhoseherB.Whose hersC.WhohersD.Whom her()3.He is a friend of _.A.ourB.usC.myD.mine四、改错1.I,you and he are all teachers._2.This is mine teddy bear._3.These are ours bags._4.These is their teachers._第三章 数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：1101119201001one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty-第 8 页4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100one hundred*基数词的写法：2199 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-”。例：21 twenty-one32 thirty-two99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上 and。例：101a hundred and one.320 three hundred and twenty648six hundred andforty-eight2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾 th 构成。例，four+th-fourthsix+th-sixthseven+th-seventhten+th-tenth2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，one-firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive-fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfth3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词 y 变成 i，然后在加 eth.例，twenty-twentieththirty-thirtiethforty-fortiethninety-ninetieth4）两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one-twenty-firstthirty-five-thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three-a hundred and fifty-third*基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上 th（fourth,sixth）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母 t,d,d；（first，second，third）八去 t,九去 e,（eighth，ninth）；ve 要用 f 替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基数变序数，ty 将 y 变成 i;th 前面有个 e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a 或 an 是不定冠词，the 是定冠词。a 用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk,a tree;an 用在元音因素之前，如 an apple,an hour,an English book.1.不定冠词（a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。She is a teacher.Thats an orange.2.定冠词 the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus.The bus is big.3.不用冠词的情况：1）专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese,English,Jim 等。2）名词前已经有 this,that,my,your 等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse(那只老鼠)3)一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家go to school去上学*定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀：-第 9 页特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠 the 加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/”。1)at _home2)go to_ bed3)go to _school4)catch_ bad cold5)have _ good time6)_red apple7)_ English book8)_ spoon9)_orange10)_melon11)_ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _“m”in the word“primary”A.anB.aC.theD./2.This is _ orange bike.A.aB.anC.theD/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper.A.a,aB,a,theC.an,aD.an,the4.English is _ useful language in _ world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the5.We are going to _ cinema this evening.A.theB./C/aD.an6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river.A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the7._ potato is a vegetable,not _ fruit.A.The,anB.The,aC.A,theD.An,/8.He was _ first to come.A.TheB.aC.theD./9.Do you see _ book on _ table?A.the,aB.a,anC.an,anD.a,the10.Wheres _ desk?Its in _ middle of the room.A./,/B./,aC.a,/D.the,the11.He is _ friend of mine.A.anB./C.theD.a12.There is _ university near the farm.A.aB.anC.theD./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989.A./B.theC.aD.an14.I have _ book.I t s _ interesting one.I like reading _ booksvery much.A.a,an,/B.a,/,theC.an,an,theD./,an,/15.Today is _ Childrens Day.A.aB.anC.theD/16.This is _ bag.That is _ eraser.A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an四、用代词填空:-第 10 页1._,_ and _ are all good friends.A.We,you,theyB.You,they,weC.We,they,youD.They,you,we2._ classroom is big,but _ is much bigger than _.A.We,they,usB.Our,their,ourC.Our,theirs,oursD.Our,theirs,we3.She lost _ pen.Will you lend her _?A.her,yoursB.his,yourC.hers,youD.their,yourself4.“What are you doing?”“I am looking at _ in the mirror?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5._,_ and _ all enjoy music.A.She,you,IB.I,she,youC.You,she,ID.I,you,she能力测试卷（冠词和数词）一、写出相邻的数词1.twenty2.five3.twelve4.fifty-eight5.ninety6.seventy7.thirty-eight8.one hundred9.one thousand10.one二、选择正确答案1.There aredays in a year.A.three hundreds sixty-fiveB.three hundreds and sixty-fiveC.three hundred and sixty-fiveD.three hundred and sixty five2.There arestudents in this school.A.eight hundreds and forty-sixB.eight hundred and forty sixC.eight hundred and forty-sixD.eight hundred forty-six3.My brother is in.A.Three Class,One GradeB.Class Three,Grade OneC.Grade One,Class ThreeD.class three,grade one4.He was doing some washing.A.at eight yesterday morningB.yesterday morning eightC.yesterday morning at eightD.by eight yesterday morning5.There aremonths in a year.December is themonth of theyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth6.Sunday is theday of the week.A.seventhB.firstC.secondD.third7.Autumn isseason in a year.A.the fourthB.the thirdC.a thirdD.third8.Tom wasto get to school and I was.A.first;ninthB.the first;the ninthC.a first;a ninthD.the second;the ninth9.Whats the date today?Its.A.FridayB.time to goC.cloudyD.June 4th10.Monday is the second day,and.A.Tuesday is the fourthB.Thursday is the fifthC.the second is TuesdayD.the second is Thursday第四章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义-第 11 页一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或-es。现在以连系动词 be 和行为动词 read 为例，对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句beI am I am not You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is.He/She/It is not readI/We/You/They readI/We/You/They/do not read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read 动词疑问句简略答语（肯定）简略答语（否定）beAm I?Yes,you are.No,you are not.Are you?Yes,I am/we are.No,I am/we are not.Are we?Yes,we/you are.No,we/you are not.Are they?Yes,they are.No,they are not.Is he?Yes,he is.No,he is not.Is she?Yes,she is.No,she is not.Is it?Yes,it is.No,it is not.readDo I/we/theyread?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/they donot.Does he/she/itread?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/it doesnot.连系动词 be 的各种形式常与代词或 not 缩写成一个词。助动词 do，does 一般只有与not 缩写。联系动词 be 缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写I amImI am notIm notYou areYoureYou are notYoure not/You arentHe isHesHe is notHes not/He isntShe isShesShe is notShes not/She isntIt isItsIt is notIts not/It isntWe areWereWe are notWere not/We arentThey areTheyreThey are notTheyre not/They arent动词 do not 的缩写形式为 dont，does not 的缩写形式为 doesnt。二、动词加-s 或-es（动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es1 一般在词尾加 s例：workworksleave-leavesswim-swims2 以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的词加-es例：pass-passesfix-fixesteach-teachesdo-does3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i 再加-es例：study-studiescarry-carriesfly-fliescry-cries三、一般现在时的用法1 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与 often（经常）,always（总是）,sometimes（有时）,every day（每天）,on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today,often,sometimes,always,usually,every day(week,month,year,),this year,once a week(month,year,)一周-第 12 页（月，年）一次例句：I get up at 6 oclock every day.He often goes to school by bike.2 表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句：Two and two are four.二加二等于四。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadridehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo二、单项选择()1._ you have a book?A DoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV?_.A.Yes,he like.B.No,he doesnt.C.Yes,hed like.D.No,he likes.()3.She doesnt _ her homework in the afternoon.A.doingB.to doC.doesD.do()4.How _ Mr.Smith _ to England?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._ she _ home at six every day?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left三、用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I _(get)up at 6 oclock every day.2.My father _(have)a lovely dog.3.He _(go)to school on foot.4.She _(do)not like watching TV.5.They _(play)football every Sunday afternoon.四、按要求完成下列各题1.Tomorrow is Saturday.(变成一般疑问句)_ _ Saturday?2.Does he play basketball every weekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_.3.She looks like her sister.(变一般疑问句)_ she _ like her sister?4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句)_ they _ the same?5.Do they always go to the movie(电影院)on Sundays?(否定回答)No,_.五、英汉互译1.Tom 经常放学后（after school）踢足球。_2.我喜欢唱歌。_3.He often goes to school on foot.-第 13 页_4.Children like to play this game._5.今天是星期日。_能力测试卷（一般现在时）一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式gohaveswimstudyrisestopdoridecrygowriteflyplayreadcomebuygivewatchworkcarry二、用动词的适当形式填空1.He _(go)to school on foot.2.She _ not like watching TV.(do)3.My father _(have)a lovely dog.4.I often _(get)up at six every morning.5.My mother _(work)in a school.三、英汉互译1.他经常在周六的时候读英语。_2.Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。_3.Tom always plays football after school._4I get up at six oclock every day._5.The coat fits(适合)me very well._第五章 现在进行时态一、现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。二、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“系动词（am，is，are）+现在分词（动词加-ing 形式）”构成。现在以动词 work 为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：肯定句否定句I am working.I am not working.You are working.You are not working.He/She/It is working.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are working.We/You/They are not working.疑问句简略答语Am I working?Yes,you are.No,you are not.Are we working?Yes,we/you are.-第 14 页No,we/you arent.Are you working?Yes,I am.No,I am not.Yes,we are.No,we are not.Is he/she it working?Yes,he/she/it is.No,he/she/it is not.Are they working?Yes,they are.No,they are not.三、现在分词的构成1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。stay-stayingdo-doinglisten-listening2.以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加-ing。make-makingride-ridinggive-giving3.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。put-puttingsit-sittingrun-running4.以 ie 为重读音节结尾的单词，先去掉 e，把 i 变为 y，再加 ing。lie-lyingdie-dying四、现在进行时的用法1.表示现在或说话时正在进行的动作，常和下列时间状语连用：now,at this moment,at present,these days(years),this term 有时也与 look,listen 等连用。例句：Look,what are the monkeys eating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？2.表示当前一直或反复在进行的动作或难以终止的动作。例句：They are running and jumping all the time.他们一直在跑啊跳啊。现在进行时态专项练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式stay_do_listen_suffer_refuse_close_operate_die_work_spend_look_make_put_sit_run_tie_take_give_ride_please _win_begin_open_lie_二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mary and Lucyare _(dance)now.2.Listen!Someone is _(play)the piano in the next room.3.He is _(sweep)the floor at the moment.4.Look!The cat _ _(eat)the fish on the table.5.A:_ you _(study)French?B:Yes,I am.6.She often _(dance)after school.-第 15 页7.My father and mother _ _(swim)in the pond.8.My sister is _(fly)a kite in the garden.9.We are _(watch)TV now.10.Be quiet!The baby _ _(sleep)now.三、改错1.We are cleanning our classroom._2.She is sing in the next room._3.What am you doing?_4.Mary is comeing back from Beijing._5.He often