2021年考研英语(二)阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】.docx
第1 *考研英语(ZD阅读理解考试拍应 51.1 大纲要求 51.2 A节应试技巧5第2章阅读理解A节高分特训88篇12商业经济类 (Passage I - 22) 12文化教 育类 (Passage 23-44) 48科普科技类(Passage 45羽)85社会生活类(Passage 67-88) 122第3章 阅读理解B节高分特训12部1583.1 多项对应题1583.2 小标题对应题166第I 考研英语(二)阅读理解考试指南1.1 大纲要求一、考试性而英讲二)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收专业学位修I士研尢生而设设的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考 试科目.其目的是科学、公平、有效地测忒考生对英语培言的运用能力,评价的标准是高等学校英语专业本科 毕业生所掂达到的及格或及格以上水平,以保证被录取不具有一定的英谙水平,并有利于各高等学校和科研院所 在专业上打优选拔.二、考试目标考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的工字材料.题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化,科普等,体裁包括说明文、 议论文和记叙文等.根据阅读材料.考生应能:(I)理解主后要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解酒篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断币:嘤生词或词组的含义:(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理的作者的意图、观点或态度.三、考试内容阅读理解部分主要考告学生狭取信息、理解文章、猜测币里生词词义并进行推Wi等方面的能力.该部分由A、 B两节组成,共25小题,每小超2分.共50分.A节(2()小题):本部分为多项选择腮.共四篇文章,总长发为1500词左6.要求考生阅读文章井回答每 麻文堂后面的问题,号生而要在用小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案.出篇 文章设5题,共20题,每小题2分,共40分.B节(5小题):本部分书两种招选题型.每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的 种形式,或者两种形式的 切合进行考次.本节文章设5小题,库小题2分.共10分.备选题型包括:I)多项对应本部分为右氏度为450550词的文章,试题内容分为左右两栏,左恻一栏为5道题目.以他一栏为7个 选项.要求芍牛在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关 信息.2)小标题对应在篇长度为45055()词的文章附有7个慨括句或小标愿.这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概 括或阐述,要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出坟恰当的5个概括句或小标题埴入文章空白处.U A节应试技巧一、即型综述阅诙理解(A节)为全国硕士研究生招生考试英语芍试(非英语专业)中的第二部分,该部分要求与生能读 懂不同类型的文/材料.文堂多选门国外较新的匕刊杂志.如The New York Times (纽约时报)、The Econoiiist (经济学人八The Observers (观察家报)、The Guardian (卫报)和Financial Times (金融时报)等.根据最新全国硕士研究牛.招生考庆英语(:)考试大纲(非英语。业).阅读理解A节为多项选择膻.共四 篇文章,总长徵约为1500诃.绿篇文章设TT5个选择西,各TT4个需选答案.共20小IS.得小睡2分,共40 分。考研英语二)的阅读理解A节与考研英语()的阅读理解A节题型设黄相似.二、命题特点该部分题材要凸显当年或前一年的社公热点问题.包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科抨等.体俄名为实用性强并体现书面交际功能的议论文.说明文和新闻详述,并没有应用史和记叙文.考生应能:(I)理解主旨要义:(2)理解文中的具体信息:(3)理解谱篇的结构和上下文的逻轼(语义)关系:(4)根据上下文推断近婴生词或词组的含义:(5)进行一定的判断和推理:(6)理解作者的意图,观点或态度.三、设题规律与答题技巧一般来讲,每篇阅读设置的选择遇是按照文章的顺序逐段出虺.即使出现跳段的情况.先后号I序也维持不变. 当然也不排除个别例外情况,如文章的主旨很可能作为第一道题目出现,但却蛊要阅读完全文才能做出选择. 解这个规则的存在,考生可以大致划定摊个题耳其答窠在文章中的位咒,跋少仃日寻找的时间.总的来讲,这部分的题目可以分为匕旨题、细节题、语义国、态度题和推断题.接卜来.本书就每类题目的 设题方式和答题技巧一-进行分析.1.主话题(约占10%)这类题与ff考生对文堂主旨大意的理解.概括和打纳能h.这岫题往往以下列词汇为标志:【heme. title. subiect. topic, main idea, purpose(1)提问方式就文章的主题(中心思想提问What is mainly discussed in this passage?The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as The selection informs us chat.就文章标题提问Which sentence contains a statement of the theme?The best title for this passage could be.The topic of the passage is.就文章写作的主要目的提问The article was written I。explain.The main purpose of this article is to explainIn this passage the author tries to interpret.The passage (or paragraph) mainly deals with,(2)答题技巧面对主旨以,为梢助电考,可以问自己四个问题帮助思考。本篇中的歧疑婴的货物或观点是什么?作者谈的是I:题的哪个或哪些方面?作存在这方面想表达什么?反过来想,如果以某个答案做主题,自己会写什么样的内容,作者写的是这些吗?如果与文章内容不符. 则为干扰项.用.点关注容妨提出主题的位置.在段落或者文章中,主旨的提出般“以下几种形式.开篇点胭,即在苜句或首段说明文章的主旨在段落或文章的中间部分说明书旨在段落或文学的结尾总结得出由皆生根据内容H己总结得出2 .细节题(约占50%)细节题写自学牛.对文中所讲述的事实的理解程度和深度芍生应特别注意有关人物、时间、地点以及whaL whose, how, why等问题的内容.(1)提问方式就原因、结果提问.because.can be aitributed to.in ihat.就引用、列举提问An example of. could be seen in.What does the example of .illustrate?The case of. demonstrated that,The author gives two examples in Paragraph X am! Y to show*The author quotes . in the second paragraph Io show.就止误提问Which of the following docs the author discuss?Which of the following statemenu is NOT true?Which is NOT mentioned m the passage as.?Which of the following is included in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned m the passage?The writer mentions all of the following except.(2)答题技巧正确Ml答细曲类题,需嘤特别小心和注意文中以下地方:举例子,打比方处转折处因果句特殊标点处段首屋句(3)干扰项设黄正反混沿选项的内容和作苕在原文中提到的信息相反.偷换概念选项提到J*原文的内容,但是却将原文对应部分中的另一个关键词或短语换成意思不同的 其他词汇.无中生有选项中出现了原文没有提到或推导不出的形容词或名诃.因果倒置选项中涉及的两部分之间的因果关系与原文所说的因果关系正好相反,将除文的因换成果或者将原文的果换成了因.扩大范围一康文的特指(只适用于部分的情况)变为泛指(适用于全部的情况).例如,在选项中出 现表示泛指的复数名词作主语时,嘤注J6该名词在原文的范国.如果选项中所说的情况只适用于主语所指的一部 分,那么这一选项就是干扰选项.注意,上述干扰选项的特征也适用于判断其他题型的干扰选项.3 .语义题大纲要求,芍生能鲂“根据上卜文判断大纲附在以外的某些词汇和短语的意义”,这也就使得语义题的出现 成为必然.(I)提问方式The word/expression. ( in line.) mosi probably means.The author used the word. to indicate.According to the passage, what is ?From the pussage. we can infer that the phrase. means.By. the writer probably means.The word "it" ( in Ime.) most probably refers to.(2)答邀技巧解答语义麴,理论上要求考生不仅要把攫词与词,句与句之间的语义关系,而IL还要与虑段与段之间的语义 关系.只有透彻理解整篇文章,才能第正确判断词语的意思 不过,回答这类题还是Tf 些技巧可循的,如下:系动词(to) be或mean, be defined as. refer (o. be known as等提供生词的确切含义.如:Drugs (substances) ihal affecl (he central nervous system and alter perception, nuxxl and behavior arc knuw n as psyvhiKictive substances.分析:通过“be known as”我们可猜出psychoactive 为“对神经彳;显著作用的“«<2副词短语similarly, this is. that is. that is (o say, tn other word、导引出的句广仃时垂述的面,词的含义 如:Mary felt perturbed, that is. she was greatly disturbed by her sister's actions.分析:在Ihat is后面小述中.perturbed与disturbed同义,即“不安的,扰乱的”.有时没有同位语,也没有给出定义的lobe,但是生词断面的句子表达了该词的意思.如: While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash listers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wick ranuc nxordK, inchiding whe z>ki whal, when, and Ie whnin.句中出现的标点符号.如分号(:)破折号一.逗号(.).冒号(:).引号L”)和括号(»等,也 是猜的爪要线索,如:蚀 live in a、ociely in which the medical and social use of substances ( drugs) is penasive: an aspirin lo quiel ” headache, seme wine be sociable, coffee 3 ael qeinu in ihe nwminu, a .ciwelte for ihe nerve.分析:pervasive意为“遍布的.仰遍的”.q号后列举/几种情况,用以说明KW遍性.生词后的定语从句,或是上下文中所举的例子也可解择说明生词意义.引导举例常用的短语行for example, for instance, such as, Hke. as 等. 如:The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when (hey discovered that oncogenes, which are cancercausing ucnc> (机因),arc inactive in normal cells.分析:0nggene意为“致痣屐因” 定语从句解糅/该词的含义.电一些副词和短语.如 however, on the (Mhcr hand, instead, rather (haa unlike, yet 和 but 等能提供相反信息,由 此确定生词的意义,如:Beauty has always been regarded 冰 something praisew<Tthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consuhants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.The word “liability" most probably means .A. disadvantageB. instabilityC. misfortuneD. burden分析:本段中作者先是论述beauty可能给人类带来的好处,然后作并用了转折词but.表明最后句与前面 所我的内容正相反,因此liability在这里是“不利之处”的意义.因而A项为正确答案.(3)干扰项设置与所与词汇形似,但意思不符.如果芍的是熟词,含有常规词义的往往是错误选项.4.态度趣<I)提问方式The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be .The author's attitude towards the issue of “" is .The passage shows that the author is the present situation.The author*s attitude towards . might best be summarized as one of.(2)答睡技巧精确理解选项中诃语的含义不搏杂自己的观点在文中才找具有感情色彩的词 褒义类:amused (愉快的),supporting (支扑的),admiring (快送的),optimistic (乐观的).praising航 扬的),humorous (幽默的),enthusiastic热情的).pleasanl (愉快的).sober (冷静的),approving (满意的), positive (肯定的)3 中性类:subjective (上观的).exaggerated () skcplkal (怀疑的) sympalhclic (同情的) indiffereiu(冷漠的),neutral (中立的).impersonal (客观的).objective(客观的).subjective (匕观的).impassive (冷 漠的,ambivalent(矛盾的),apathetic (无动于望的impartial (公平的): 底义类:critical (批判的).doubtful (怀疑的),mocking (嘲笑的).cynical (冷嘲热讽的),sarcastic (讽 刺的),ironic (讽刺的),disgusted (厌恶的).depressed (沮丧的),disappointed (失望的).sentimental (伤短的),negative (消极的否定的)suspicious (怀疑的),tolerant (容忍的),biased (有偏见的)等二抓论述的主线及举例的方式(3)干扰项设置有下列词的选项殷为丁扰项:indifferent (冷漠的).subjective (主观的),biased (有偏见的).puzzling (令 人想到迷惑的).5.推断题考研大纲规定考生应能够2根据材料进行判断.推理和里中所谓推理引申指的是文中这层意思但却没 有明说。推断题乂可以细分为两类,分别是推理物和结论题。(I)推理麴推理题主要考察我们理清上下逻辑关系的能力.一股包括数字推理、知识推断和逻辑推理.提问方式Il can be inferred from the lext/the 2nd paragraph/ihe first sentence ihai .The author implies that .The text/Thc first paragraph/The last sentence suggests that.Which of the following statements about., can be inferred from the texl/lhe last paragraph?Wc may conclude from the icxt/thc third paragraph/thc example that .XVTial is probably the mam reason that ?Whal does the passage imply about ?Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?The passage is probabt), taken from a book ahoui .Il can be inferred from the text that .We can infer from the hst paragraph that .It can be concluded that .君题技巧推理过程可以分二步走,首冼要找到原文中所有的相关信息,然后对这些信息,尤其是关键部分信息进行仔 细的分析.理清逻辑关系,最后在此端础上进行姝合推理.在推理的过程中,要敏短于文中的用诃和语气的褒贬. 积极揣测作者的意图.(2)结论题要求考生对整筑文章或文章段落及史堂的整体概念,步态发悔趋势,某人的行为.爱好、前途等做出息结、 猜测和推断.提问形式From the passage, we can draw the conclusion that ,What was probably che conclusion for ?What can be concluded from the passage?h can be concluded from the passage that ,解题技巧M答这类以conclude及conclusion引导的题目时,考生一定要解金文,把握主睡,把握作音的观点、态度 及写作意图.然后通过主题与细节的美系进行合理的归纳.题型特点该鹏型最大的两个特点:文章中往往没有答物的依据: 一且文中有侬据*一往四个选项表面上部对,很难判断谯足淮非.正确项特点:不是文中明确说明的内容,因为即ft符合原,没有引申或归纳总结的内容就不是正确选项:如果四个选项全能凭常识判断,JUIYi义深刻的是正确选项,有时啡、£"以项的是正确送干扰项的特点:只见原文的简单且述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接衣达当成间接推理: G似从原文推断H;来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果,把原文的 手段变成了选项中的II的;根据常识判断是正确的.然而不是在文章事实或上卜文逻辑施础上推理而得出的观点,因此,考生要让意不能根据自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理,因为命题并考住的是考生理解作者意图的能力:虽然以t章提供的事史或内。逻辑为推理依据,但推理过头,慨括过废:行部分选项的内容纯属编造,无中生存.四、高效答题攻略用哪种方式答题效率最高因人而异.本性在这里介绍一种比较行之有效的方法- 三遍阅读法:第一遍阅读 是为了有一个思芍的方向.专生应抱着广解”文中在讲什么”的目的.快速通读全文,特别团意常点位置,如段 苜段尾的句子和频繁出现的词语或词组,这些句子或词能够帮助考生把握文章的大概内容,第二遍阅读是为r答 题.考生可以先审题,根据问题有针对性的再次阅读全文.定位出题点,并找到答案.时出题点的定位不仅建立 在理解全文的期础上.一些数字,如年份、时间,一些特定名词.如人名、地名以及一些生僻单词都是易于出题 的点,关注这些信息可能帮助考生快速定位出题点.第三遍阅读是为r检位.考生应争取为每个答案在文中再次 找到合理的依据,对于阅读速度力限但分析能力强的考生,可以省去第一遍阅读,直接审题,五个题目往往布盖广文用的e要 内容,考生通过审题可以分析得出“文章在讲什么”,“需要在文章中找到哪些信息”.接善有的放矢地阅读文 章.13 B节应试技巧一、题型擦述芍研英语(二)阅读理的B方自2010年开始实行,作为新客观题型的一个小要部分.根据破新全国硕士研 究生招生考试英语(:)考试大纲(11英语专业),阅谀理解B节有两种番选题型(之前为:种.2013年大纲将 其减至两种),林次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式,或者两种形式的组合进行考杳 得选题型包括:I) 多项对应:2)小标题对应.该部分共设5个小题,每小题2分,共10分.r为一篇长度为45() 55() .工 试题.左像I -栏为5道题目,(M -栏为7个选项.要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左的栏中提供的信息从右例一栏中的7个选项中选出对 应的5项相关信息.小林,.;为450550词的文用前行7个概括句或小标题.;:或标题分别是对文章中某部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题 珀入文章空白处.二.多项对应明1 .写杳要点多项对应又可称为多项信息对应,号生需有较强的信息育我能力,通常多数答案可从文中相关内容直接找出, 所设题H只是对文章相关文字进行了简单替换和用构抒列.大学以专方名词(人名.地名、时间、多件等)提问. 该部分主要专在考生快速捕捉和识别相关信息的能力,因此即使行个别词语或语句不讨理解,也可进行解答 此 外考生需对整篇文章主鹿行一定的了解以快速、准确地找出答案.2 .皆题步骤:根据左栏信息,在文中进行定位由f所没憩目只是对文章相关文字进行了商单替换、电构和捋列,因此可根据左栏信息定位到文中某个段落.白阅读段落.。右栏信息进行比对根据题里综述电关尸谟密型的介绍,可知试题左栏为题k分栏为答案,因此在左栏信息定位到的相关段落 电.可查找到与右栏内容意思吻合的句子.从而确定出出个段落的标题.3 .备考建议保证前面题目的正确率多项对应题相对于四选题型工作累和出偌的可能都较大,并II一旦前面的题H选择出现借误.后面题H的 解答也会受到出响,很可能由此出现连锁错误.因此解题时,考生应确保前面题H的正确率.这样在做后面题H 时就可以抽除干扰项.先易后难由该部分的5道题不是按睢易顺序排列的,而是M杂监和简单题混合作起,因此不在按题号颠序做题, 而是先做谕单题,之后再做碓题.这样也可以诚少十扰项,从而保证解题的正确度.熟悉题型多加练习考生应首先对该类题型的要求、出题形式和考性要点有一定的把握.之后对该类题型多加练习.增强杳找信 息、总结信息以及深入理解伫息的能力.此外,该部分类似阅读理解A。的细。题,因此考生可熟悉阅读理解A 行相关细方题的答题技巧.三、小标题对应题1 .考查要点该题R考杳的是考生把握主旨大意.进行概括总结的能力.2 .解强I步骤首先将题目给出的七个小标题或概括句通读一遍.因为给出的七个标题中,只有两个是多余的.因此,从 所给出的标题中就可以肝出整篇文章所讲的大致内容:通过看标麴解文章所评的大致内容之后,快速将全文浏览遍:通过对文章的第一遍浏览,选择自己能确定的标题或概括旬填入相应的位置:班点阅读还没力确定标题和概括句的段落,此时要特别注意每一段中出现频率很高的词谓,因为这样的一 自小文章一般都是困绕 个主题来讲述的,所以段落之间有一定的连贯性,"个段落股都是从 个不同的角度 来阐述该尊文章的主也的,所以在选择每一段落的标题的时候,抓段落关键词很丽耍,而段落的关键词也都是 那些出现频率很高的词语.通过第4步,确定剩下还有没有确定的小标题或版括句:检件并阅读没仃被选的标题或概括句,确定它不是该题目的答案.3 .解题技巧某段话的答案确定后,将这一选项从备选项中划去.抓住选项中的名词中心词,并将犬案到原文中去寻找。其对应的名词中心词.干扰选项的特点是段落中未展开详细的说明.作为r扰选项出现的常常是段落中提到的细节,但我们要找 的处段落的主旨这更说明做这种题要抓住段落的主题句.而不是够个段落的乂体细H.否则,特别容易受到干 扰选项的误导.如果主题句比较复杂(如更合句).应用点看主句部分.有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句.如果理解行困 难,应集中精力看主句部分,正确答案应来自主句.这类题目一般都是第段和最后一段不用加标题或慨括句,所以在阅读的时候,第一段和最后一段可以略 读.时间主要用在中间五个段落的阅读上.第2 « 阅读理解节高分特训XX 商业经济类(Passage 1-22 )Passage I 字数:39()Motorola Inc., the world's second-largest mobile phone maker, will begin selling all of the tcchnok)gy needed (o build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled hy missteps compounded by a roe cm industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology (o rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technokigies needed to build a phone, said h planned to make avaihble chips, a design layout for (he computer board. softurare. development took and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but (his is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed bkiepr int. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautbus about whether Motorola mobile phone competitors would want to buy the lechnofogy from a rival.The company. k)ng kn<Man for its lop-noich engineering cukurc. is hoping lo profit from its mobile phone technology now thal the basic technok)gy to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motoroh said it will hegm offering the technology based on the next-generat ion GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS is u stepping stone to the next generation of mobile phone service known as third generation. GPRS offers fasler access to data through “always on“ network connections, and customers are charged only for the informalion they retrieve, rather than the length rf download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola飞 own mobile phone business because the htter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorola's phones have been criticized as being t(x) complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technohgy. Burgess said. Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology (hat allow、wireless communicaiions at a short distance, and Gk)bal Positioning System, which tracks the uscr,s whereabouts, and MP3 audio capabiliiy.1. According (othis passage. Motoroh Inc.A. is the world's largest mobile phone makerB. is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC. will only seD chips of (he mobile phonesD. is going lo sell all its manufacturing plants2. Analysts don't think that.A. Motorola will be successfulB. the technobgy offered by Motoroh will be selected by its competitorsC. its competitors will want lo buy the technohgy from itD. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips3. The technology to be supplied by Motoroh is based on 一A. Bluetooth featuresB. MP3 audio capabilityC. Global Positioning SystemD. GPRS standard4. Which of the following stalemenls is NOT true?A. GPRS offers faster access (o data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B. Motoroh Inc. is (he inventor of (he cell phone.C. Previously Motoroh only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D