外研社英语高一升高二衔接教材.docx

外研社英语高一升高二衔接教材0K版SEFC 5 English MaterialsChapter One Revision of SEFC 14一、语法主要涉及到的句法为复杂句中的状语从句(其中主要提到：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句)二、课本中具体语法知识点讲解(一)动词：分为谓语动词和非谓语动词I谓语动词是句子的“心脏”，在句子中谓语由不同的时态构成。“时态”就是谓语动词动作发生的时间和存在的状态(“时”为时间，“态”为状态)。时间：111过去(past)现在(present)将来(future)状态：进行/完成主要学习了一般将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时。1 .关系。例如：2 .表示两方面的的含义：a.过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且可能一直持续下去。b.过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响。(落脚点在现在，注意与一般过去时的区别)3 .(a).111-那时以前那时(过去)现在e. g. They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.He didn' t go to bed until he had finished he work.(b),注意过去完成时跟后面学的从句联系起来e. g. When I woke up, it had stopped raining(c).过去完成时还可用在 hardly when no sooner than ，It was the 1st (2nd , etc) time (that)(这是某人第几次干什么了)等固定句型中。e. g. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.（看笔记：这些半倒装句子还会变吗？相似的还有否定含义的频度副词：never, hardly, rarely等；还有引导结果状语从句的sothat, suchthat这些在放于句首时都用半倒装。）II.非谓语动词:三大类：to do, doing, done关于用法，两条黄金原则：a.非谓语动词不作谓语。b.过去分词（done）没有名词性功能（不作主语、宾1语）。主要考查to do, doing作宾语，doing, done作定语、状语1. to do, doing作宾语（1）后面跟to do作宾语的动词：hope, agree, dare, decide, determine I I begin, start, refuse, prepare, offer | manage, try, aim, forget, remember choose I I seem, pretend, learn, love, hate （可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。）e. g. We agreed _ to meet _ here but so far she hasn, t turned up yet. She pretended _ not to see _me when I passed by.（全国卷）（2）后面跟 doing 作宾语的动词 give up, enjoy, regret / insist on, practise , finish / put off, avoid , mind （可记：”放弃”“享受”可"后悔”，”坚持”"练习”必”完成"，"延期”"避免”非“介意”动名介宾不能忘掌握它们你必明。）e. g. Would you mind waiting a few minutes? They are looking forward to Mary' s coming 2. doing & done 作定语（何为定语？“定”"界定、限定”，也就是修饰限定名词的，名词在句子中作主语宾语，所以定语修饰主语或宾语）作定语时，单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前；若是分词短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后e. g. running water Do you know the three children walking towards us?broken heart/ The heart broken by him is dead.3. doing & done作状语（何为状语来？“状”“状况”，也就是说明动作发生的状况，例如动作发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、造成的结果等。也就是在句子中修饰谓语动词）（还记得吗？现在分词作状语有“一个中心，两个基本点”。个中心：句子前后的逻辑主语要一致。两个基本点是：般式&完成式。）e. g. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.（为什么用现在式，会分析吗）Having finished the homework, he went home.（为什么用完成式，会分析吗）注意：1）无论作什么成分，to do 一般表示将来，doing表示主动进行，done表示被动完成。2：例如上面例句：Do you know the three children walking towards us （会转化成定语从句吗）（会转化成状语从句吗？试试看）3）分词作定语和状语要学会跟with的复合结构联系起来。（自己看看笔记）（二）“帽子词”冠词“冠”者、“帽子”也，冠词也就是“帽子词”。到底是谁的帽子呢？是名词的帽子！也就是说冠词永远放在名词的前面，不能单独使用。在考试过程中，经常会考查定冠词和零冠词（不用冠词的地方）的用法。21 .定冠词的常考用法（1） .表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universe（2） .用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean,the largest room, the third longest river（4）用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。on the left, in the east / west, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end（5） .用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded（6） .The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table（7） .弹奏国外乐器时，乐器名词前Do you like to play the piano or the violin?2.零冠词的用法(1) .专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前China , America, John,(2) .季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring, summer, winter, Sunday, October, National Day(3)表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语时He was made monitor.George W. Bush is president of the USA.(4) .学科名词,球类、棋类名词前 Do you study mathematics? He likes playing football / chess.(5) .在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前 by car ( bus, train, water, air, land)(三)形容词&副词(语言的美化师)I形容词1.倍数的表达法：主语+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词+ as主语+be+倍数+比较级+than主语+be+倍数+the+名词(size, width, length, height, depth)+ofe. g. My room is three times as big as his二My room is three times the size of his.=My room is three times bigger than his.2. e. g. He became taller and taller.e. g.1) The sooner, the better.越快越好。3II副词的用法1 .定义：副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。2 .分类1)时间副词：now, then, soon, today, sometimes, yesterday, tomorrow, ago 等。e. g. We are leaving for Beijing soon.(注意位置)2） 频度副词：often, always, usually, never, ever, seldom, rarely, frequently, occasionally 等。e. g. He seldom goes to the cinema. He had never been there before.（否定副词位于句首呢？试着变化一下）3） 程度副词：quite, so, little, much, very, rather, almost, nearly 等。e. g. He quite likes pop music.（五）状语从句（回忆1：从句=引导词+句子；XX从句就是“跟班句子”在大家庭里面起到XX作用。（认真看笔记，自己弄明白）（回忆2：老师说过，考查从句主要考查什么来？）状语从句，当然就是跟班句子在另一个大句子里面作状语。课本中主要讲解了时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句.I时间状语从句一引导词有哪几类，还记得吗？ when, while, as （学会区分辨别） as soon as, the moment, hardlywhen, no soonerthan （还记后两个怎么用吗？） before, after （before 往往翻译成什么？）by the time （注意前后时态对应）e. g. By the time they get here, we'll have finished the work.（此时主句还可用将来时,还记得吗）By the time we got there, the movie had begun . H原因状语从句（动作发生的原因）引导词主要学习了哪几个？会区分吗？（看笔记）Because, as, since, for, now that （for跟其它几个有什么不同一-for虽然表原因，但引导的并不是原因状语从句，因为它是并列连词）III目的状语从句（动作的bl的）弓I导词：so as to, in order to , so thatE. g. I worked hard so as to I can pass the exam.IV结果状语从句（动作造成的结果）引导词：so that; such,that "如此。以至于“e. g. I worked so hard that I passed the exam.4注意：（l）为什么so后面要跟形容词、副词呢？ such后要跟名次呢？（还记得吗，看笔记）（2） so和such谓语句首的话呢？（半倒装，注意与前面所有半倒装的联系起来）So hard did I work that I passed the exam.Chapter Two Preview of Six ModulesModule 1 British and American EnglishEnglish is the most common language in the earth village.知识详解Ipare v.比较，匹敌，比喻；相比n.比较（回归课本 P2）Prepositions, too, can be different： compare on the team, on the weekend（American）with in the team, at the weekend（British）.介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team, on the weekend（美式）和in the team, at the weekend （英式）。【归纳总结】【例句探源】 Don' t compare your disadvantages with others , strong points.不要拿自己的缺点与别人的优势相比。Walking can' t compare with flying,走不能和飞相提并论。Compared to/with her mother, she is tall.和她妈妈比较起来,她算是很高了The two men look over the papers, compare notes and make several telephone calls.两人浏览文书，商量了一番，打了几个电话。Those with college degrees had watched an average of less than two hours of TV per weeknight during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.有大学学历的人在童年时代每周平均看不到两个小时的电视，相比较，没有大学学历的平均多于两个半小时。【即境活用】1. Michael * s new house is like a huge palace, with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared2. his grades with Arnold * s, George was quite satisfied.A. Compared B. To compare C. Comparing D. Compare2. differ vi.不同，相异（回归课本 P2）The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.另外两个不同之处是拼写和发音。【归纳总结】differ from=be different from与不同differ in在方面不同5differ with/from sb. about/on/over sth.关于某事与某人意见不同【例句探源】 The conditions of our classroom have differed from what you saw five years ago.我们教室的条件已经与五年前你看到的情况大不一样了。The two girls are similar in appearance, but they differ in voice and disposition.这两个女孩在外表上相似，但声音与性格却不同。【即境活用】3. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly size and shape.A. on B. from C. by D. in4. They each other in that they are both bareheaded with sunglasses.A. differ B. modify C. resemble D. classify3. present vt.陈述，讲演；提出（观点，计划等）adj.在场的；出席的；现在的 n.礼物；赠品；现在（回归课本 P8）Present your ideas to the rest of the class.把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。【归纳总结】【例句探源】There were in all 700 students present at the meeting.总共有700名学生出席了这场会议。The committee will present its final report to Parliament in June.委员会将于六月向议会提交最后的报告。【即境活用】5. The worker his ideas to the manager very clearly.A. preserved B. presented C. provided D. supplied4. attempt v.试图，企图n.企图，努力，尝试(回归课本 P9)Can you see any similarities between Webster* s work and attempts to simplify Chinese?你能看出韦伯斯特的工作和尝试简化汉语之间的相似之处吗？【归纳总结】【例句探源】He attempted to become a volunteer for the 16th Asian Games, but failed for his poor English.他曾试图成为一名第16届亚洲运动会的志愿者，但因英语差没能实现。(牛津 P110)Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。His parents made an attempt to send their son abroad for further education.他父母曾试图送他出国深造。【易混辨析】attempt, try, manage6(l)attempt常含有希望成功，但并不一定取得预期的结果之意。(2)"y意为"尝试，试用”，含有通过各种方法，尽力把事情做好或达到目的之意。(3)manage 强调成功做成了某事。manage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth. oThe campaign has certainly managed to raise public awareness of the issue.I' ve tried really hard but I can' t persuade him to come.He attempted a joke, but no one laughed.【即境活用】6.Shelly had worked hard for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first.A. practice B. risk C. attempt D. act7. The young man is being questioned by the police in relation to the murder last night.A. advised B. attended C. admitted D. attempted5. have. in common有相同的特点（回归课本 Pl）We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language.当然，除了语言外，如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。【归纳总结】common n.共同点adj.大量的；类似的；通常的have a lot/much/a great deal in common with 与有很多共同之处have not much/nothing/little in common with 与没多少/没有/很少有共同之处in common 共有；共用 in common with sb./sth.与样out of （the） common不寻常的be common for sb.对某人来说是共有（同）的/常见的【例句探源】This dish is very common in my hometown.这道菜在我的家乡很常见。All these companies have one thing in common： they deal in smal1, inexpensive consumer items.所有这些公司都有个共同点：他们都经营廉价的小商品。【即境活用】8. In , the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.A. common B. total C. general D. particular9. Experts warn that global warming will cause dramatic climate changes including more floods, heat waves and droughts.A. frequent B. usual C. ordinary D. common6. lead to引起，导致；通向；相连7（回归课本 P3）But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.但是这也致使许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。【归纳总结】【例句探源】The street leads you to the station.你沿这条街走就可以到达车站。（牛津 P1146）Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。【即境活用】10. We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only violence.A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with11. I was to the conclusion that eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. led； lead B. leading； lead to C. leading； lead D. led； lead to7. make a difference有影响，使不相同（回归课本 Pl） It doesn * t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.老师讲英国英语还是美国英语并没有太大的区别。【归纳总结】【例句探源】I don' t think what he said will make any difference.我认为他说的话不会起什么作用。It makes no difference whether you will come or not.你来不来没什么区别。(3)It makes much difference to us whether you can finish it on time,你是否能按时完成它与我们有很大的关系。【即境活用】12. You can ask him again if you like, but it won, t make any he'11 still say no.A. adjustment B. difference C. contribution D. decision13. Tom, what a pity! I almost succeeded yesterday. I told you to be careful before.A. One false step will make a great difference B. Where there* s life, theres hopeC. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today D. One tree does not make a forest句型梳理1.【教材原句】A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(P2)伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话要比听懂纽约人说话更难。【句法分析】8(2)There is (some)difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难(3)(do sth.)without/with difficulty 毫不费力/费力地(做某事)(4)类似的句型有：I have difficulty (in) telling the difference between the twin sisters.辨别这对双胞胎姐妹对我来说很困难。There is no difficulty for you in being admitted into a teachers * college .对你来讲，被一所师范学院录取没什么困难。With difficulty, we hauled it up the stairs.我们费力地把它拖上了楼梯。【即境活用】14 .(高考上海卷)1 had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. find B. found C. to find D. finding15 .You can imagine the difficulty they have such a large population.A. fed B. to feed C. feeding D. been fed2.【教材原句】 The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them.(P2)英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候可能会省略。【句法分析】where在此处引导的是地点状语从句。where引导的状语从句位置较为灵活。Springs are very short where she 1 ives.在她住的地方春天很短暂。©Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。Where there is a life, there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别：(1)where引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词。(2)where引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。(4)在有些情况下，where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑问的地方作一个记号。【即境活用】16. A forest is usually found heavy rainfall is frequent.A. there B. which C. because D. where17. The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who9Homework:1. Write your own passage about the differences between American and British English2. Listen to VOA and BBCModule 2 A Job Worth Doing知识详解1. offer v.（主动）提出（愿意做某事），提议，给予，提供n.出价，建议（回归课本P12）This person has offered to do a joband may not be paid for doing it.此人主动去做一份工作而且可能不要报酬。【归纳总结】【例句探源】They offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他们给他提供了一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。The teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding.这位老师给他的女儿一台电脑当做结婚礼物。【易混辨析】offer, provide, supply（Doffer “提供”,侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。多用于：offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb.（2）provide ”供应，供给”,表示为应付某种需要而提供某物，所提供的东西一般是具体的事物，也可以是帮助、经验、机会、答案、例子等抽象的东西。一般用于：provide sth. for sb.与 provide sb. with sth.（3）supply ”补给，供给，提供”，只用于具体事物，侧重补充所需要的东西，有时可以与 provide 互换。经常用于：supply sth. to sb.或 supply sb. with sth. oThe factory supplied a uniform to each of its workers.I' ve been offered a job in advertising.These letters should provide us with all the information we need.【即境活用】1. Talented in ski ing, he has hopes of being for the national team.A. elected B. offered C. hired D. selected2. You only half the price, how would the seller sell the jacket to you?A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered2. apply v.申请；适用，应用；专心，集中精力(回归课本 P15)Now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs.现在想出更多的问题来问申请这些工作的人们。【归纳总结】10(l)apply to适用于apply.to.,把应用于apply to sb. for help请求某人帮助apply oneself to.致力于apply for a job 申请工作(2)application n.请求，申请，申请表，应用；应用程序，应用软件applicant n.申请人【例句探源】When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.当萧失明后，他妻子建议他申领一个导盲犬。The new technology has been applied to medical examination.这项新技术已被用于医学检查。You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your study.你只有真正专心致志，考试才能及格。【即境活用】3. The questions on this part of the form only married men.A. appeal to B. apply to C. refer to D. stick to4. Peter has been out of work for half a year, so he wants to a job in this company.A. prepare for B. apply for C. superior to D. object to3. require v.需要,要求，命令（回归课本 P18）SALES STAFF required in well- known clothes shop.【归纳总结】【例句探源】All the passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。 The teacher required that all the