小升初英语知识点专项复习专题.词类复习大全.docx
小升初英语知识点专项复习专题.词类复习大全.精品资料介词1. before和after表示时间的先后顺序before表示:在之前after表示:在之后例如:before eight o' clock 八点之前 after lunch 午饭后You should wash your hands before supper.The boys often play footbal1 after school.2. over和above表示位置over表示:“在正上方”,强调在某人或某物的正上方,而且两物体表面表面没有接触。above表示:“在上方”,强调位置在某物体的上方,并不一定是正上方,而且两物体表面也没有接触。例如: I saw a wood bridge over the river.Look! Some bieds are flying above the trees.3. under和below表示位置under表示:“在正下方",强调在某物的下方,完全覆盖两物体的表面可以接触也可以不接触。below表示:“在下方”,强调位置低于某参照物,但并不一定是正下方。例如:There is a cat under the table .Our classroom is below theirs .4. between 和 amongbetween表示:(位置、时间、数量等)在之间(两者之间)among表示:在中间(三者或三者以上之间)例如:I often fly between Beijing and Shanghai.Come here between eight and nine o' clock.Tom is among the crowd.5. behind 和 in front ofbehind表示:在后面in front of表示:在前面例如:The cat is behind the door.There is a big tree in front of the park.Zhang San sits in front of me and Li Si sits behind me .6. in front of 和 in the front of 的比较in front of表示一定范围外的前面例如:in front of the house房子的前面(在房子外)in the front of 表示一定范围内的前面例如:in the front of the classroom 教室的前面(在教室内)into和out of表示动态的介词,都表示动作方向into表示:从外向里,进来out of:表示由里向外,出去例如:I put the books into my bag.He takes the gift out of the box.7. into和in的比较into表示动态的进入in表示静态的在里面8. up和down表示动态的介词,都表示动作方向up表示:由下向上,向顶上,常与climb等动词连用down表示:由上向下下,沿着往下例如:The monkey cl imbed up the tree quickly.Sit down ,please.9. from 和 tofrom表示起点,“从”来自”例如:He is from China.to表示终点,“到;向;往”,意思和from刚好相反。它前面最常用的动词就是go.例如:Let' s go to school.from. to.表示时间时意思是“从到”例如:We have classes from Monday to Friday.She did her homework from morning to evening.另外:from. to.也可以用来表示地点,意思仍然是“从到”例如:The train is from Beijing toTianjin .10. across、through 和 alongacross、through表示“穿过”,但是用法有区别across表示人或物从另一个物体表面穿过、跨过,强调从一端到另一端,含有“横穿”的意思,常与street、bridge、raod等名词连用。例如:There is a bridge across the river .Go across the street , and you'11 find a school.Through表示从物体内部空间(如森林、隧道、云层等)穿过,“从里面穿过”。例如:We walked through the forestoAlong 表示:沿着,顺着,常与 road street、river 等名词连用。如:Go along the road , and then turn left.介词练习一、选择填空。1、 Class finishes half past nine.A . at B. in C. on D. to2、Class begins at eight o' clock. You* d better get to school 8:00.A. at B. in C. on D. before3、You should wash you hands eating, and you shouldn* t exerciseeating .A. at ;at B. in; to C. after;beforeD. before;after4、We have classes 8 am 3 pm every day.A. at, at B. at, to C. until, to D. from, to5、Seven is the number six and eight.A. in B. between C. among D. at6、Walk down the street and walk the bridge, you will see the shop.A. cross B. at C . through D. across二、把正确答案圈起来。1、 The train leaves (at, in)2:30pm.2、I received a beautiful card from Tom (in, on ) my birthday.3、(From , At)7 to 9(in, before)spring, he often runs around the playground.4、My brother washed the dishes (at, after)supper.5、Do you preview (预习)lessons (after, before)class?6、When did you arrive (at, on)the bus stop.7、The dog is jumping (on , over) the fence (篱笆)。8、The first astronaut landed on the moon (in, on)1968.9、The train is driving(through, across)the tunnel.三、根据中文意思,填写恰当的介词。1、我们房后有棵大树。There is a big tree our house.2、 在这幅画里你能看到什么?What can you see this picture.3、 看!汤姆正站在车站旁。Look!Tom is standing the bus stop.4、 啊,我的袜子在床底下。Aha, my socks are the bed.四、根据中文意思填写介词,把短语补充完整。1跑出房间run the room2 爬上山climb the hill3 穿过隧道drive the tunnel4飞往巴黎的飞机a plane flying Paris5走出商店walk the store6沿着这条大街走go this street7走进电梯walk the elevator数词专练数词是表示数量多少或顺序先后的词。分为基数词和序数词。(-)基数词1 .表示数量多少的词是基数词,如:one, two, three等。2 .数词的构成1)从112分别由从one到twelve,12个各不相同的词表示。one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2)从1319均以后缀-teen结尾。thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen3)从2090的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。表示“几十几”时,个位和十位之间需加连字符。twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety21 twenty-one 32 thirty-two 43 forty-three4)整百数由19加hundred构成。100 one (a) hundred 500 five hundred5)整百数和整十数之间由and连接,十位与个位之间要加连字符。如果十位数为零,那就在百位和个位之间用and连接。101 one hundred and two245 two hundred and forty- five6)千 thousand 百万 million 十亿 billionExercise:写出下列数字12142040901940060035783056782、序数词序数词表示排列顺序,如first, second, third等。构成规则:1)序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third,其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加th。例如:2) fifth(第五)、eigth (第八)、ninth (第九)和twelfth (第十二)在拼法上有变化。 first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth,3)二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如: twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth4)基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如:twenty-one -* twenty-first forty-five forty-5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加构成。例如:第一百->hundredth 第一千第一百万一millionth 第十亿6).序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如:7)序数词前必须加定冠词theThe first time I came to China, I liked it very much.我第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家。第一总是比第二好。She will choose the third.她将选择第三。Exercise:把下列基数词改成序数词。one two three five nine eight fourteen twentythirty-five3.数词的应用1)时刻的表示法A、表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock5:00读作 five o' clock 或 fiveB、半点的表示法表示半点钟时,用"钟点数+ thirty"或"half+ past +钟点数”表示2:30 two thirty / half past two8:30 eighty thirty / half past eightyC、“几点几分”的表示法(1)用“钟点数+分钟数”表示7:10 seven ten 9:40 nine forty(2)分钟数在30分钟以内的,用“分钟数+ past +钟点数”表示,意为“几点过几分“7:10 ten past seven 10:15 fifteen past ten / a quarter past ten(3)分钟数超过30分钟的,用“(60-分钟数)+ to +下一个钟点数”表示,意为“差几分到几点”10:40 twenty to eleven 2:45 fifteen to three / a quarter to threeExercise:用英语表示下列时间10:058:3012:101:155:479:233:5111:496:007:222)编号的表示法编号既可以用序数词,也可用基数词。the tenth lessonLesson Ten 第十课the fiftieth page page 50第五十页有的编号习惯上常用基数词。例如:Room 321(读作 three two one)321号房间Tel. No.4013586(读作 Telephone number four 0 one three five eight six)电话号码3)年、月、日的表示法英语中表示日期的顺序通常为月日年或日月年。1、月、日的表示法“月”用英语中表示月份的名词,“日”用基数词或序数词表示都可以。7月8日 July 8(July eight)/ July 8th ( July the eighth)10月1日 October 1( October one)/ October 1st ( October the first)2、年的表示法1983-nineteen eighty-1601->sixteen and one 或965->nine sixty-five 3、年、月、日的表示法1986年9月1日 September 1st,1986/1st September,19862011年8月8日 August 8,2011/8th August,2011Exercise:用英语表示下列日期11月1号2月0号5月22号9月7号10月3号12月19号四、课堂练习1)根据括号中的数字填写合适的序数词或基数词0M1、Bill is (14) years old , he is in Class (2) Grade (6).2、My birthday is on the (3) of March .3、September is the (9) month in a year .4、Which boy is thinner , the (1) one or the (2) one ?5、 There are (55) students in our class .2)单项选择()1. There aredays in a year.A. three hundred and sixty five B. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundreds and sixty five D. three hundreds and sixty-five ()2. Danny lives in A. room 404 B. Room 404C.404 room D.404 Room()3. Jim is in .A. class one, grade sixB. grade one, class sixC. Class One, Grade SixD. Grade One, Class Six)4. The bike cost meyuan.A. five hundred fortyB. five hundreds fourtyC. five hundred and fortyD. five hundred fourty)5. My telephone number isA. eighty eight two forty four zero nineB. eight eight two double four 0 nineC. eighty eight two forty-four zero nineD. eight eight twofour four zero nine)6. Is there any foodfor usA. tenB. tenthC. the tenthD. the ten)7. Mary isgirl.A. an 8 year oldB. 8 一 years-oldC. the 8 years oldD. an 8 一 year-old)8. 一What day is today?A. JuneB. TuesdayC. It is hotD. It' s fine)9. 一What * s the date today?A. It' s Saturday B. It' s July C. It' s fineD. It' s July 15)10. What time do you get up every day?A. It' s seven o' clockB. Seven o' clock timeC. At sevenD. On seven五课后作业1. There aredays in a year.A. three hundred and sixty five B. three hundred and sixty-fiveC. three hundreds and sixty five D. three hundreds and sixty-five ()2. Danny lives inA. room 404 B. Room 404 C.404 room D.404 Room()3. Jim is in .A. class one, grade six B. grade one, class sixC. Class One, Grade Six D. Grade One Class Six()4. The bike cost me yuan.A. five hundred forty B. five hundreds fourtyC. five hundred and forty D. five hundred fourty()5. My telephone number is .A. eighty eight two forty four zero nineB. eight eight two double four 0 nineC. eighty eight two forty-four zero nineD. eight eight two four four zero nine()6. Is there any food for us ?A. ten B. tenth C. the tenth D. the ten()7. Mary is girl.A. an 8 year old B.8- years-oldC. the 8 years old D. an 8- year-old()8.What day is today?一A. June B. Tuesday C. It is hot D. It' s fine()9.What' s the date today?A. It' s Saturday B. It' s July C. It' s fine D. It' s July 15()10.What time do you get up every day?A. It9 s seven o' clock B. Seven o' clock timeC. At seven D. On seven名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:John is a studentstudent是普通名词,John是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词一一可以数的名词不可数名词一一数不清(没有复数)drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge foodrice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings第一节可数名词可数名词分为单数和复数。派1)名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式。对可数名词的数量提问用how many ,对不可数名词的数量提问用how muchX量的表达1)可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰。如a desk, an old desk, two bikes , ten apples, plenty of books , lots of desks , some students, three watches等表示多少可数名词单数变复数规则变化1)一般情况下加-s如 book-books (书)desk-desks (书桌)2)以 s , x , ch , sh 结尾加-es如 boxboxes (盒子)bus-buses (公共汽车)3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加-es。如 city-cities(城市)country-countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:daydays(天),boyboys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数一般变f或fe为v再加-es如 knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)注意有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋顶)5)以。结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如 tomato-tomatoes (西红柿)potato-potatoes (土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如 piano-pianos (钢琴),zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos (照片), kilo-kilos(千克)可数名词单数变复数不规则变化1)元音字母发变化。如 manmen(男人)woman-women(妇女)tooth-teeth(牙齿),footfeet (脚)mouse-mice (老鼠)policeman-pol icemen (警察)2)词尾发生变化。如 child-children(小孩),oxoxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。如 fishfish(鱼),sheep-sheep(绵羊),deer-deer(鹿),Chinese-Chinese(中国人),yuan-yuan(元)4)形似单数,实为复数意义。如 people (人,人们)these people (不说 a people,可说 a person)police(公安,警察)ten police (不说 a police,可说 a policeman)注意fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。如Would you like some more fruit?你要不要再吃点水果?China has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)She has a few white hairs,她有几要白头发。His black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。7)有些名词只有作复数。trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)goods 商品 clothes 衣服sunglasses (太阳镜)surroundings (环境)savings (储蓄)writings (作品)集体名词表示一群人或物的名词叫集体(或集合)名词。Traiffic 交通 furniture 家私 information 信息 traffic 交通luggage 行李Family 家庭 police 警察 audience 听众English 英国人 publicequipment 仪器把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数。My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。My family are all workers.我的家人都是工人。不可数名词air空气bread面包chalk粉笔change零钱cloth 布coffee咖啡 cotton棉花 fire火 food食品fun乐趣gas汽油glass玻璃grain谷物grass 草ink墨水luck运气meat 肉money 钱music音乐news新闻paper纸 tea 茶rain 雨rice 米 sand 沙 smoke 烟snow 雪 sugar 糖 waste 废物 water 水 wealth 财富 weather 天气 wind 风 housework 家务 homework 作业3)不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of,lots of, a bit of , plenty of + 不可数名词用等表示多少。注意:既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of , some , a lot of , lots of , most of , any 等。即 plenty of , some , a lot of , lots of , most of , any+可数名词复数或不可数名词如 there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。I*11 tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。we should collect some useful information 我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2)用【数词+量词+of +不可数名词】表示,即aof表示。如 a cup of (一杯),a bottle of (一瓶)a piece of (一张),a pair of shoes (一双鞋)如 two cups of tea (两杯茶),five pieces of paper (五张纸)注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如 two hundred students (200名学生)ten thousand trees (10000棵树)测试点he caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为 fish 或 fishes)二he caught a lot of fishes.the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish 表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es)不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, a little, a lot of, plenty of 用等表示多少。如 There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。I*11 tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。We should collect some useful information 我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2)用单位词表示。用a of表示。a cup of (一杯),a bottle of (一瓶)a piece of (一张),a pair of shoes (一双鞋)如 two cups of tea (两杯茶),five pieces of paper (五张纸)四、名词的所有格有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。如mary's father (玛丽的父亲)jim's mother(吉姆的母亲)与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。L名词所有格的构成法1)单数名词词尾加飞复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加's。如tom's knife(汤姆的小刀)children* s books (儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加。如jim and mike,s room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间jim's and mike,s rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'即可。如 the students* reading-room(学生阅览室)everyone needs to have at least eight hours* sleep a night.每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。(新目标英语九年级)注意所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。名词所有格主要用于表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。如this is a woman* s work.这是女人干的工作。this is a girls' school.这是一所女子学校。4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加's,或只加,但读音都是/iz/。如 mr jones* s(mr jones')book(琼斯先生的书)keats* works(济慈的作品)表示时间和距离的名词。如where is today's newspaper?今天的报纸在哪儿?an hour* s walk isn't far.一小时的路程不远。(1)有些无生命东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可用's,表示所有关系。如 china's population(中国人口)the city* s life(城市生活)注意在表示店铺或某人家时,为避免重复(因前面已提到),名词所有格后面可省略它所修饰的名词。my uncle's (我叔叔家),the doctor's (医生的诊所)2 .短语所有格有生命的名词,我们用's结构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示。the window of the house (这间房子的窗户)注意当's所有格用来表示事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men's,而不是 shoes of men。3 . of +名词所有格of +名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a , an , some , any , few , two , no , several (几个)之类有修饰语,不能是one和the。如可说:a book of my brother's我兄弟的一本书不说:books of my brother,s 或 book of my brother* s .2)当带有感情色彩时,可用the , this , that , these , those于名词前。如 the pretty daughter of your sister, s 你姐姐的漂亮的女儿did you read that book of lu xun, s ?你读过鲁迅的那本书吗?3)of前面的名词不能是专有名词。如不说:this is john of his uncle,s.4)of后面的名词必须是特定的。如these books of my friend* s are good我朋友的这些书很好。5)of后面的名词必须是指人的名词。比较不说 it is a leaf of the tree's.a picture of my father指的是爸爸本人的照片。注意of所有格和双重所有格有时可以交替使用,意义无甚区别。如 a friend of my brother-a friend of my brother,s测试点 a car of betty* s cars ,不可换为 a car of betty.。jim* s and tom,s fathers are in the same office now.吉姆的父亲的汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。连词专项练习1. 一Would you like to come to dinner tonight?一I' d like to,19 m too busy.A.andB.toC.asD. but2. She set out soon after darkhome an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC.having arrivedD. and arrived3. She thought I was talking about her daughter,