新视野大学英语第四册unit5.docx

Unit FiveI. Objectives:To memorize new words and phrases in this unitTo master the grammatical structureTo improve students, reading skill of skimming.To learn to write topic sentences for a paragraphTo improve the listening skills for main idea/relationship between peopleII. Difficult sentences (lOmin.)2.1 Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, that9s character for you. (L.8-9)2.2 Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps there,s a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company.2.3 Sentence patternsa. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home.b. On the other hand, to be along on purpose, having rejected company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of an American hero.c. They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out, at least for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.d. It,s the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes usIII. Key words and useful expressions:Section/TextA:solitary,deer,wolf,tame,pond,sunlight,cushion,poetry ,handwtiting,kettle,priest,hut,sau cer,humble,on purpose, on the other hand ,speak highly of ,set forth, stay up late, might as well doIV. Time ArrangementPeriodActivitiesTime limitTeaching Method1Pre-reading Tasks45 min.presentation, discussion, Audio-visual2&3While-reading Tasks90 min.Qs-and-As, explanation, exemplification, analysis, paraphrase, translation4Post-reading Tasks45 min.explanation,5Exercises45 min.exemplification, group discussion6Reading skills45 min.exemplification, analysis7&8Listening & Speaking90 min.Audio-visual, group discussion, communicationSection A Choose to Be Alone on Purpose1. Pre-reading (1st period -45 min.)1. 1 : preview (20 min.): Background InformationHenry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau: U.S. thinker, essayist, and naturalist (1817 1862). Bom in Concord, Mass., Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before deciding to become a poet of nature. In the years 1845 1847, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concord's Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterpiece, Walden (1854).John MiltonJohn Milton: English poet (1608 1674). Milton attended Cambridge University (1625 1632), where he wrote poems in Latin, Italian, and English. He lost his sight in the year of 1651, and thereafter dictated his works. Considered second only to W. Shakespeare in the history of English-language poetry, Milton had an immense influence on later literature.William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth: English poet (17701850). Orphaned at 13, Wordsworth attended Cambridge University, but remained rootless and virtually penniless until 1795, when a legacy made possible a reunion with his sister Dorothy Wordsworth. In 1843 he became England's poet laureate. He is regarded as the central figure in the initiation of English Romanticism.1. 2 Topic-related video (15min.)1. 3 Topic-related discussion (lOmin.)a. How does your public image differ from your private self?b. Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone. Others like to be with friendsmost of the time. Do you prefer to spend your time alone or with friends?c. Many people have a close relationship with their pets. These people treat their birds, cats, or other animals as members of their family. In your opinion, are such relationships good? Why or why not?d. Some students prefer to study alone. Others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.e. 4 Proverbs:It is better to be alone than in bad company,宁可孤独,不交恶友。A secret between more than two is no secret, 二人知,天下晓。A still tongue makes a wise head.寡言为智©2. While-reading (2nd and 3rd periods 90 min.)2. 1 Global reading (30min.)2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text1) Why is loneliness called a national disease of the U.S.?All 22 million of people live alone, which suggests that it is an overwhelming phenomenon in the United States.2)According to the passage, why do poets like the solitary condition?Because they can find inspiration in solitude.3) Why is it important for a person living alone to talk to others?The need to talk is the most basic need of a solitary person.3.1. 2 Organization of the text (20min.)1) Main idea of the text (lOmin.)The passage focuses on a social phenomenon -choosing to be alone on purpose. In the U.S., about 22 million people live alone for various reasons. While some people think of loneliness as a sort of national disease, others take it as a characteristic of an American hero. Some great poets and philosophers in the past lived in solitude for inspiration, such as William Wordsworth, John Milton and Henry David Thoreau. However, solitude is hard for people because the need to talk is more basic than the need to listen. So if one lives in solitude, he should stay rational and settle down to enjoy grace and pleasure.2) Text structure analysis (lOmin.)Part One (Para.l): Living alone is a common social phenomenon in USA. In the U.S., about 22 million people live alone for various reasons.Part Two (Para.2): While some people think of loneliness as a sort of national disease, others take it as a characteristic of an American hero.Part Three (Para.3-10): Some great poets and philosophers in the past lived in solitude for inspiration, such as William Wordsworth, John Milton and Henry David Thoreau.Part Four (Para. 11-16): However, solitude is hard for people because the need to talk is more basic than the need to listen. So if one lives in solitude, he should stay rational and settle down to enjoy grace and pleasure.2. 2 Detailed reading (60min.)2. 2. 1 Words and phrases (40min.)1) on purpose (Title)： purposely对不起,我打碎了玻璃杯,但是我不是故意的。I'm sorry I broke the glass, but I didn't do it on purpose.If you joke with him, he'll think.(你是故意侮辱他) (you're insulting him on purpose)2) speak highly of (L.ll) ： express a good opinion of (sb./sth.) 她对这位新导演评价很高。She speaks very highly of the new director.The minister, which ran through the entire city.(对这条新修的道路 评价很高)(spoke highly of the newly-built road)3) dictate (L.24)： v. say words for sb. else to write down他向秘书口授了一封信。He dictated a letter to his secretary.Rather than trouble to put the composition he creates in his own handwriting, the boy usually asks his younger sister to write it down while he dictates.(叫他的妹妹把他口述的内容写下来)(asks his younger sister to write it down while he dictates)4) humble (L.39)： a. having a low opinion of oneself这个人谦恭的举止给法官留下了很好的印象。The man's humble behavior made a favorable impression on the judge.Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth American president, was.(出身贫寒的人) (a man of humble origin)5) soak (L.45) ： v. become thoroughly wet 在雨中走了几分钟后,他浑身湿透了。Walking in the rain for a few minutes, he was soaked to the skin.I thought I'd better leave my trousers to.(泡一会儿然后再洗) (soak for a while before getting it washed)6) back up (L. 53)： support, esp. in an argument他没有用事实来支持自己的观点。He doesn't back up his arguments with facts.The policeman wouldn't have believed me.(要是你没有为我作证)(if you hadn't backed me up)7) choke (L. 53) ： v. become or make sb. become unable to speak他气得说不出话来。Anger choked his words.He grabbed her by the throat and.(差点把她掐死)(almost choked her to death)8) at length (L. 56) ： for a long time or in great detail他详尽地谈到了他的工作和家庭。He talked at length about his work and family. So why not move on to the next one?(我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题)(We have already discussed this matter at length)9) settle down (L. 65) ： start to feel happy and confident with a new situation他决定结束他流浪的生活在个小城镇定居下来。He decided to finish his wandering life and settled down in a small town.He was unhappy when he first went to school,.(他很快安定下来而且还很喜欢学校)(he soon settled down and liked it very much)10) might as well (L.61) do sth. because it seems best in the circumstances, though often reluctantly去看电影已经太迟了,我们不如就在家看电视吧。It's too late to go to the movies so we might as well watch TV at home.No one will eat this food;.(还不如把它扔了 吧)(it might just as well be thrown away)2. 2. 2 Sentence patterns (lOmin.)1) Typical patterns for exemplification:原句:Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and pencil for him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. (L. 13)就拿多萝西?华兹华斯来说吧,她帮她兄弟威廉穿上外衣,为他找到笔记本和铅 笔,向他挥手告别,目送着他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。句型提炼:(Just) Consider/Look at sb., for example /instance, .就拿某人来说/为例吧,应用:就拿孔繁森为例吧,他始终视人民的利益高于一切,他从不徇情枉法,他身体力 行。Consider Kong Fansen, for instance, always valuing the people's interests above everything else, never bending the law for the benefit of his relatives, and earnestly practicing what he advocates.2) Typical patterns for preference for doing sth.:原句:Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls tocome back and write it down while he dictates. (L. 21)然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来,而是唤回女儿们,向她们口述,由她们写下 来。句型提炼:Rather than do sth., sb. does (would do) sth. else.某人不是(做),而是应用:他并没有因为马克思主义的观点没有被历史证明过而否认它,而是试图通过对前 苏联特定历史的研究来解释马克思主义。Rather than reject the belief of Marxism on the grounds that it had not been proved by history, he sought to account for Marxism through an analysis of the specific history of the former Soviet Union.2.2.3 DifTicuIt sentences (lOmin.)1) Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, that? s character for you. (L.8-9)梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋,有意抛弃了城市生活。现在,这成了你的个性。turn one's back to: turn so that one is facing the opposite directionMeaning: Thoreau stayed alone in his cabin on the pond, with the intention of rejecting the life among others in the town. Now this has become the lifestyle of ordinary people.2) Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps there's a message here. The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company.梭罗以自尊自重为伴。也许这里的启示是:自我意识越强,就越不需要其他的人 在周围。我们越是感觉谦卑,就越受孤独的折磨,感到仅与自己相处远远不够。(L.38-40)ego: n. one's idea or opinion of oneself, or great feeling of one's own importance and ability3. Post-reading (4lh period 45min.)3. 1 Useful expressions (25min.)1 .据最近的统计2 .故意3 .是某人最主要的东西4,高度评价5 .动身;阐述6 .毫无疑问7 .(不)费神做某事8 .放松;伸出;延长9 .充满整个房间10 .熬夜做某事11 . 一口气(地)by recent count (L. 1)on purpose (L. 5)to be a major commodity for sb. (L. 10)to speak highly of (L. 11)to set forth (L. 14)No doubt about it,* (L. 17)to (not) trouble to do sth. (L. 22)to stretch out (L. 43)to fill up the whole room (L. 44)to stay up late to do sth. (L. 45)at one sitting (L. 45)12. 连串的13. 堵塞:支持:证实14.15.16.17.18.19.20.详细地说;唠叨不休 跟某人争论某事 保持理性 使自己过得舒服 把某人/物密封起來暂时;眼下不妨还不如做某事a succession of sth. (L. 53)to back up (L. 53)to talk at length (L. 56)to argue with sb. over sth. (L. 58)to stay rational (L. 64)to make oneself comfortable (L. 65)to seal up sb. / sth. (L. 67)for the time being (L. 69)might / may as well do sth. (L. 70)3. 2 Summary of the textIn the U.S., all 22 million people live alone for one reason or another. While some people think of loneliness as a sort of national disease, others take it as a characteristic of an American hero. Some great poets and philosophers in the past lived in solitude for inspiration, such as William Wordsworth, John Milton and Henry David Thoreau. They all speak highly of themselves for having sought their solitude. William Wordsworth would wave good-bye to his sister before setting off to study the flowers all by himself, while she stayed at home preparing everything for him. Thoreau is seen as admirable because he was living all alone in the woods. He had no one to talk to at all except for numerous daily visitors to his hut who constantly asked him how he could possibly be so noble. However, solitude is not always a good experience. If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing. But it is different when you live alone: the feeling of loneliness can be very hard because the need to talk is more basic than the need to listen. So if one lives in solitude, he should stay rational and settle down to enjoy grace and pleasure in his condition.3. 3 Writing3.4 Assignments1) Finish all the exercises of Section A.2) Preview Section B, including reading skills.3) Preview Section B, including reading skills.4. Exercises (5th period-45min.): Revision4. 1 check and explain exercises on Page 124-1304. 2 Error correction1) The more further they talked about the problem, the more puzzled they became. ABCD(A. The further)2) “Lending money to him! You might as well as throw it into the sea." She shouted angrily at her AB CDhusband.(C. as well)3) Try to find someone suitable for you to live, and then decide on the terms of the roommate ABCcontract before moving in.(B. live with)4) As people try hard to control the planet and make life comfortably, they tend to use up ABCresources that are needed for their survival.D(B. comfortable )5) Friends may refrain from expressing any sympathy because they feel that it might beABinappropriate and embarrassed for her.CD(D. embarrassing)6) 3 Text extensionDiscussion: If it were possible, would you choose to live all by yourself or to have a large with a dozen of children?5. Reading skill ( 6th period-45min.)5.1 Recognizing Paragraph Patterns (II)In the last unit we saw that paragraph information often appears in patterns that can be recognized or analyzed. Paragraph ideas and information are put together so that we can see them related to each other in certain patterns. This kind of skills is important for us to get a better understanding of the passage we read but it is also crucial for us to make sensible or reasonable predictions as to what is to follow next.In this unit we will have more practice in recognizing and analyzing paragraph patterns, especially the patterns that we did not cover in our last unit.5. 2 ExamplesExample 1:Read the first sentence in Paragraph 11, Passage A, Unit 5 and make a prediction about what to come next.If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing. (Para. 11, Passage A, Unit 5)Possible predictions: the advantages of living with other people; the advantages of living with other people especially during th