考研英语阅读模拟4.docx

模拟考研英语阅读模拟236多项选择Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan nave assumed that Japanese firms use me same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case, Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States. Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity.A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.(351 words)听力原文日本的汽车工业日本公司已达到世界汽车工业生产效率的最高水平。一些日本观察家认为日本公司使用和美国公司相同的生产装备和技术，但却享有日本雇员和日本文化的独有特征。然而，如确实是这样，有人会认为在美国的日本汽车厂应不会比美国公司经营的厂好。但情况并非如此，在美的由日本经营并雇用当地劳工的汽车厂与由美国公司经营的工厂相比表现出更高的生产力。其他观察家把日木人较高的生产力与每个工人较高的资金投入联系起来。但是从历史观点来看只有一相反的结论。60年代中期当两个日本汽车厂达到后来又两倍于美国生产力水平时，每一雇员的投资水平与美国公司相当。其次，在70年代末期生产一部汽车所需的固定资产额在美国、日本大体一样。既然在日本投资额并不高，必然另有其他因素使其具有较高的生产力。一个更有效的解释可能是日本的生产技术。日本汽车生产者并不只是更有效地使用传统的生产过程：他们对美国的生产过程作了重大改变。例如，美国汽车厂主的批量生产理念鼓励大批量生产小汽车，以使充分利用昂贵的特殊部件设备并充分使用经过专门训练能进行单项操作的工人。日本汽车厂主选择小批量生产，只要对美国作法稍加改动即可，包括使用那些很易改装去完成一些不同生产任务的灵活的设备以及训练能从事多项工作的工人。厂主能在单机上安排生产不同部件或不同样品，从而就不必去储存许多备用部件，而这在一直使用专门化设备和工人的情况下是经常发生的。第1题：The author suggests that if the observers of Japan mentioned in para.1 were correct, which of the following would be the case?A. Japanese workers would be trained to do several different production jobs.B. Culture would not have an influence on the productivity levels of workers.C. The workers in Japanese-run plants would have higher productivity levels regardless of where they were located.D. The production levels of Japanese-run plants located in the United States would be equal to those of plants run by United States companies.参考答案：D答案解析：D在美国的日本工厂的生产水平应与美国公司经管的厂相同。一段2、3句可推出此答案。为推理题。其他3项皆不符原文推理。A、C无关。B相反。第2题：Which of the following best describes the organization of the Para . I?A. A thesis is presented and supporting examples are provided.B. A fact is stated, and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.C. A theory is proposed, considered, and then amended.D. An opinion is presented, qualified, and then reaffirmed.参考答案：B答案解析：B先提出事实，给出解释，然后加以驳斥。为段落主旨题。这完全符合1段的主题。A提出主题，后提供例证，C提出理论，进行探讨，后加以修证。D提出意见，加以论证，后重新肯定。此三项皆与文反。第3题：The primary purpose of the passage is to.A. present the major steps of a processB. clarify an ambiguityC.correct misconceptionsD. defend an accepted approach参考答案：C答案解析：C纠正一些错误理念。为主旨题，对生产效率高提出几种不同解释后逐一否定，最后提出新的解释。A提出一过程的几个主要步骤。B阐明一种模糊观念。D维护一采用的方法，皆与主题无关。第4题：Which of the following statements concerning the productivity levels of automakers can be inferred from the passage?A. Prior to the 1960,s, the productivity levels of the top Japanese automakers were exceeded by those of United States automakers.B. The culture of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its automakers.C. During the late 1970* s and early 1980's, productivity levels were comparable in Japan and the United States.D. The greater the number of cars that are produced in a single lot, the higher a plant，s productivity level.参考答案：A答案解析：A 1960年前日本顶尖汽车厂的生产力水平不如美国。推理题，由2段3句可推出。B为作者所反对。C张冠李戴。2段2句指固定资产投入相仿，非生产力水平。D 一批生产的汽车越多，工厂生产力越高。与3段所说恰相反。第5题：According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Japanese automobile workers?A. Their productivity levels did not equal those of United States automobile workers until the late seventies.B. Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.C.They operate component-specific machinery.D. They are trained to do more than one job.参考答案：D答案解析：D他们受训练所作的不仅一项工作。细节题。见3段倒2句。A直到70年代末他们生产力水平才相当于美国的。与2段2句不符，60年代中已有超过。B他们的高效率是文化影响的直接结果。1段已驳斥。C他们操作特殊部件机器。张冠李戴。这是美国而不是日本。For less than a year there has been a law in this country to protect the victims of stalkers, to deal with the increase in incidents in the past 10 years. By 1989, according to a National Institute of Justice report there has been as many attacks on public figures by people with mental obsessions as there had in the preceding 175 years.Although the vast majority of victims of stalking are usually ordinary women who are followed, threatened or repeatedly harassed by men they have known, there are some cases where the victim is male.Cliff Richard has a female stalker who has spent thousands of pounds travelling from her home in Norway to pester him. The 40-year-old claims the pop millionaire sends her air tickets, takes her for romamtic meals and has bought her gifts. She often stays in a Surrey hotel to spy on his nearby mansion and has been seen outside his holiday home in Portugal.TV talk show host David Letterman was hounded by a woman from 1988 onwards. She claimed that she and Letterman were “married” and by July 1993 she had been arrested eight times for breaking into Letterman，s home and for trespassing and sleeping on his property. On one occasion, when the star was out of town, she broke into his car and drove it around for several days.There was a case in Paris involving two 13-year-old schoolgirls who were obsessed with their gym teachers, Patrick and Philippe.The obsession grew from a hatred of gym lessons, which turned to love when one of the girls decided that she was in love with Patrick and her friend conveniently fell in love with his male flat mate and colleague, Philippe. The girls left love poems on the windscreen of the teachers，cars and made endless silent phone calls to the objects of their desire.They broke into Patrick，s car on several occasions, once stealing a front door key which they had copied. They waited until both men were away and then let themselves into their house, slept in their beds and stole photographs.When they next broke into the house they were caught and arrested but given no real punishment or help. For the next six years they were arrested six times but each time escaped with a warning or a fine.In September 1987 Patrick and Philippe fled from Paris to new teaching posts in Toulouse,450 miles away. Two months later the girls also moved to Toulouse and continued their harassment of the men. Since they were now 18, they were given two weeks provisional detention and were then released on condition they return to Paris for three years, which they duly did.But once the ban expired the girls moved back to Toulouse. By this time both Patrick and Philippe were settled and each had a small son. The girls' stalking of the men now included their children-they sent Christmas presents to the little boys and tracked down which school they attended.The obsessive pair were arrested for endangering the children and were committed to the grim Saint-Michel Prison in Toulouse. It was now October 1994 and for the first time in 10 years the girls were forcibly separated.However, the lawyer appointed to their case felt pity for the girls, viewing them as victims rather than stalkers, and persuaded the judge to release them provided they returned immediately to Paris and received counselling.They have not been back to Toulouse since, except for their trial in November 1997. The prosecutor described them as “two immensely solitary beingsv who did everything together, who thought the same way, who had no work or job prospects, no friends, no real relationships, except with each otherand no interests, other than the fantasy “with which they have furnished their existential emptiness.”Although the law can protect people to some extent, there is still a problem in defining exactly what constitutes stalking. For instance, are fans stalkers?A private detective agency in London offers a service which stalk the stalkers. The boss, identified only as Mark, says:"We do to the stalker what he does to his victim. We get to know their routine, what they are doing to the victim. Then we let them know that they are being watched, send them photos or phone them. Usually that，s, enough to put them off.”“With most of them it's a power thing. They love the feeling they are in control. Take that away and put yourself in control and they can，t cope with that. Most of them are cowards.”词汇注释1. stalk（打猎时）潜近stalker潜近猎物之人2. obsess纠缠，困扰obsession固定的想法，成见，困扰obsessive强迫性的，分神的；成见的3. harass骚扰，使烦恼harassment骚扰，侵袭4. Norway挪威5. pester纠缠，使厌烦，使苦恼6. millionaire百万吊翕，员豪7. Surrey萨里（英格兰东南部一郡）8. mansion大厦，宅邸9. Portugal葡萄牙10. hound追逐，不断骚扰，纠缠11. trespass非法侵入；侵扰，打扰12. windscreen汽车挡风玻璃13. Toulouse图卢兹（法国南部城市）14. detention扣押，拘留15. duly适时地，适当地，合适地16. grim严厉的，冷酷无情的17. prosecutor原告，起诉人，检举人18. solitary单独的，孤独的19. fantasy空想，幻想听力原文这个国家保护被跟踪者权益的法律实行了还不到一年，主要是为了应付过去10年内不断增加的跟踪案件。到1989年，根据国家司法研究所的报告，公众人物受精神压抑者袭击的次数，已经多达过去175年期间所发生的总和。虽然大多数被骚扰的受害人是被男性跟踪、威胁和重复骚扰的女性，但也有一些受害人是男性的例子。克里夫理查德被一个女性跟踪，她花了数千英镑，从挪威的家里跑到克里夫理查德那里骚扰他。这个40岁的妇人宣称那位百万富翁送给她机票，浪漫地约她吃饭，并给她买礼物。她经常呆在萨里旅馆，从那里窥视他在附近的公寓，还曾被发现徘徊于他在葡萄牙的度假屋外。电视脱口秀节目主持人大卫莱特曼从1988年就被一位女性不断纠缠。她宣称她同莱特曼“结婚”了，截至1993年7月，她已经因为闯进莱特曼的房子，侵入私宅并在那里住宿等原因被逮捕过8次。有一次，当这位明星出城的时候，她闯进他的汽车并开车在周围转悠了几天。在一个发生于巴黎的案件里，两个13岁的学校女生迷恋上了他们的体育老师，帕特里克和菲利帕。这种迷恋起源于对体育课的痛恨，然后当其中一个女孩决定爱上帕特里克，而她的朋友就势爱上了他的室友和同事菲利帕的时候，这种恨又变成了爱。这两个女孩在两个老师的汽车挡风玻璃上留下了情诗，并给她们渴求的目标打了无数次的沉默电话。有几次，她们闯进了帕特里克的汽车，还有一次偷了前门钥匙并复制了它。她们等到两个男人都离开后进入了他们的家，在他们的床上睡觉并偷走了照片。当第二次闯进房子的时候，她们被抓住并被逮捕了，但是并没有得到真正的惩罚或帮助。在随后的6年里，她们6次被逮捕，但每次总是在警告和罚款后就被释放。在1987年9月，帕特里克和菲利帕逃出巴黎，并在450英里外的图卢兹找到了新的教书岗位。两个月以后，这两个女孩也搬到了图卢兹，并继续她们对这两个男人的骚扰。因为她们现在已经18岁了，所以被判2周的暂时拘留，然后在保证3年内不出巴黎的情况下被释放，她们倒是信守了承诺。但当禁令过期后，她们又搬回了图卢兹。这时的帕特里克和菲利帕都已经安了家，并各自有了小儿子。两个女孩对这两个男人的跟踪现在又包括了他们的孩子。她们送给这两个小男孩圣诞礼物，并追踪到他们所在的学校。这一对儿着迷的姐妹因为威胁儿童而被捕，并被送到严酷的、位于图卢兹的米歇尔监狱。那时是1994年的10月，这是10年以来两个女孩第一次被强制分开。然而，被指定给这个案子的律师却对这两个女孩报有同情，认为她们不是跟踪者，而是受害者，并说服法官将她们释放，条件是她们立即返回巴黎，并接受心理咨询。从那以后，她们再没有返回图卢兹，直到1997年11月再次犯案。检察官将她们形容为“两个无限孤独的人”，她们在一起做每一件事，有着同样的想法,没有工作，也没有工作远景，没有朋友，没有真正的亲属关系，只有她们自己。而且除了“用以填补她们生存空虚的”幻想之外，她们没有任何兴趣。虽然法律在某种程度上可以保护人们，但要定义到底什么算是跟踪，仍然是个问题。比如，追星族是跟踪者吗？一个位于伦敦的私人侦探事务所提供跟踪跟踪者的业务。事务所的老板，一个只被称为马克的人说：“跟踪者怎样对待他的受害人，我们就怎样对待他。我们想办法知道他们的路线，他们正在对受害人做什么。然后我们让他们知道，他们正在被监视，给他们寄照片，或给他们打电话。通常情况下，这已经足可以让他们停止。”“对于他们的大部分人来说，这是一个权力问题。他们热爱这种由他们掌控一切的感觉。夺取这种控制权并让你控制一切，他们就无计可施了。因为他们中的大多数都是胆小鬼。”第6题：Which of the following may be the title of the passage?A. Women Stalkers.B. Men Stalkers.C. Victims of Stalkers.D. Punishment on Stalkers.参考答案：C答窠解析：C受跟踪者骚扰之人。stalker跟踪猎物之人。这里指偷偷地去骚扰别人之人。文章一开始就点明，在这个国家里保护受跟踪者骚扰之人之法律实行还不到一年，处理了过去十年中不断增加的事件，到1989年，公众人士受精神压抑人袭击的次数，多达过去175年期间所发生的总和。后面就分段以具体例子说明“受害”情况。A女性跟踪者。B男性跟踪者。这两项只是在第二段提及：虽然大多数跟踪受害者是被跟踪、被威胁或者不断受他们所认识的男子骚扰的妇女，但也有男的受害的。所以不是文章主题。D对跟踪者处罚。这只是在举实例说明骚扰情况时提到种种处罚，也不是文章主题。第7题：Which of the following will the stalkers not do?A. To pester the victims.B. To break into the victims， home.C. To detain the victims.D. To stalk the victims.参考答案：C答案解析：C拘留扣押受害者。这项和跟踪者无关。A骚扰受害人。B闯入受害人之家。D偷偷接近受害人。这三项文内都提到。见第三段第一句末“.traveling from home in Norway to pester him."第四段第二句末”. She had been arrested eight times for breaking into Letterman，s home. n 她被捕八次皆因私闯 Letterman 之家。第8题：According to the passage, the cause of stalking is most probably thatA. the B. the C. the D. thestalkers stalkers stalkers stalkerslove the stalkees. hate the stalkees. are cowards, are very lonely.参考答案：D答案解析：D跟踪者非常孤独。倒数第四段对两个女孩子的描述，典型地说明了跟踪者跟踪的真正原因。“两个无限孤独的人，她们一起干一件事，想同一件事，她们没有工作或工作远景，没有朋友，除了她俩之外没有真正的亲戚，除了她们用以填补她们生存空虚的幻想之外没有（生存的）任何兴趣。”先前两位妇女也是头脑中充满幻想的孤独者。第二段那位40岁的妇女花上好几千镑旅费到挪威骚扰那位明星。她声称那位百万富翁送给她机票，浪漫地约她吃饭，给她买礼物等。另一位甚至幻想“已结婚”。她们无所事事，只是以骚扰来排解空虚和孤独。A跟踪者爱被跟踪的人。B跟踪者恨被跟踪的人。爱和恨在三个例子中都提到，但不是跟踪的真正原因，只是表层现象。C跟踪者是懦夫。这只是在最后一段涉及到如何对付这些跟踪者：“以其人之道还治其人之身”效果极佳。因为他们大多数是懦夫。第9题:Which of the following statements is true?A. The two 13-year-old schoolgirls loved their gym teachers so much that they became their teachers， stalkers.B. Patrick and Philippe had great sympathy for the two girls.C. Patrick and Philippe could not stand their stalking.D. Patrick and Philippe did not dare to prosecute the two girls.参考答案：C答窠解析：C Patrick和Philipper受不了他们的跟踪。文中有一处，文章采用了迂回手法表述了两位老师受不了。第九段直接说明，1987年两位从巴黎逃到400公里以外的图卢兹，在新的教育岗位上就职。fled逃避一词说明他们受不了。第八段提及当她俩二次闯入屋内并被逮住。以后六年内被逮六次，每次都被警告或罚款后释放。第九段第二句开始，两个月后，俩姑娘也搬到图卢兹，继续她们的抚爱。这时，她俩已经18岁，所以拘留了两星期，释放条件：三年不来图卢兹。第十、十一、十二段述她们又回图卢兹，以危及孩子罪遭逮捕，收监，只是律师出于怜悯之心，才以立即回巴黎，接受心理咨询为条件释放。这一切“逮捕、拘留、收监”都说明老师受不了，不得不动用法律武器对付两个姑娘。A两个13岁的女学生非常爱她们的体育老师所以成为跟踪者。不对，这不是爱。第六段明确指出：这种痴迷来自对体育课的僧恨。当两姑娘之一决定爱上Patrick时，另一姑娘也就势地爱上了他的同事Philippe,这种恨就变成爱。这段说明不是真正的“爱”。倒数第四段（见第3题D注释），更说明是“填补他们生活空虚的幻想”，不是爱。BPatrick和Philippe对两个女孩子很同情。不对。是起诉人对两个姑娘很怜悯。（见第3题D注释）DPatrick和Philippe不敢告发这两个女孩。不对。告发后才有逮捕、拘留等事情。第10题:To cope with the stalkers, the suggested way in the passage is.A. to arrest them.B. to prosecute them.C. to stalk them.D. to put them off.参考答案：D答案解析：D制止他们干，使他们对此事失去兴趣。put off有to discourage（someone）from（something or someone）。Ex： The smell puts me off my food.这味道使我吃不下饭。Don't talk, it puts him off his game.别说话，这会影响他比赛。文章最后就是put them off,对他们多数人来说是权力问题。他们喜欢他们有控制（权）的感觉。夺取控制权，让自己来控制，他们就无计可施了。他们大多数是胆小鬼。A逮捕他们。B控告他们。C跟踪他们。都不对。It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans，life expectancy