高中英语定语从句精华版教学案(10页).doc

-第 1 页高中英语定语从高中英语定语从句精华版教学案句精华版教学案-第 2 页定语从句定语从句思维导图思维导图易考易错点总结易考易错点总结定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1考查如何正确选择关系词解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。2考查 whose 的用法whose 可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose名词名词of whichof which名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which thedoor is broken is on the second floor.3考查 as/which 引导的非限制性定语从句尤其要重视 which，as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 that，what 引导的主语从句的区别。4考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I,who am your close friend,will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用 whom，指物时用 which，不能用 that。关系代词作定语时也可用 whose。如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。如：(1)He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句)(2)He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)此外，“介词which名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结构。如：He was very ill,in which case(and in this case)we sent him to hospital first.6考查一些特殊的先行词(1)当 situation,point,position,case,activity,scene,job,race,stage,degree 及 period,festival,occasion（场合/时机）等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析。这类词作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词 that 或 which；作状语时，用关系副词 where，when 或“介词which”。(2)the way 做先行词，当它在从句中作方式状语时，其后的关系词用 in which/that/省略；当它作主语/宾语时，其后的关系词用 which/that。7考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别(1)It was this small village where we got to know each other.(定语从句)(2)It was in this small village that we got to know each other.(强调句)(3)It was 1914 when the war broke out.(时间状语从句)导入：e.g.She is a beautiful girl.She is a girl who is beautiful.（一）定语从句定义（一）定语从句定义1.定语从句定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个_或_的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词。-第 3 页关系代词的种类：关系代词关系代词_,_,_,_,_,_关系副词关系副词：_,where,why4.定语从句结构：定语从句结构：先行词先行词+关系词关系词+定语从句。定语从句。1.There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2.In Japan,someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3.Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分类（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.The man who gave me this book is Tom.(_)2.Tom,who is reading a book,is my classmate(_)（三）关系代词（三）关系代词先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。先行词指代关系词定语从句在从句中做的成分人主语(说明是“谁”)人宾语(说明是“谁”)人定语(说明是“谁的”)人/物主语/宾语物主语/宾语时间时间状语原因原因状语地点地点状语人物/事件/句子主语/宾语/表语1.who 指人，在定语从句中作_语，口语中可做_语；that 也可指人，但多用 who.e.g.The man _ is sitting under the tree is a German.The students _ speaks German best comes from China.The man _you want to see is here.2.Whom 指_，在句中做_，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用 whom,不能用 who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g.The man(_)you look for has left.I know the girl(_)the teacher is speaking to.I know the girl to _ the teacher is speaking.3.whose,作定语，可指人或物=the+n+of which=of which the+ne.g.Everyone heplps the child _parents are dead.They are the lazy students _homework wasnt handed in.针对练习针对练习2011全国卷I)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2011四川卷）The school shop,_ customers are mainly students,is closed few theholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where3.10 山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.-第 4 页A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What4.10陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5.10北京Children who are not active ordiet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that6.10 重庆In china,the number of cities is increasing _development is recognizedacross the world.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that4.that 指_或_，多指物，作_语（不能省略）或_语（可省略）e.g.He is the finest comrade_ has helped us.This is a plant _ grows in the north.5.which,指_，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g.This is a plant _ grows in the north.常用常用 that 不用不用 which 的情况的情况只能只能 that 用做关系代词的情况（共用做关系代词的情况（共 9 种类型种类型）。1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one 等不定代词时，只等不定代词时，只用用 that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用 that 准没错。准没错。Pay attention to everything _ I do.2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用 that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用 which.This is the best novel(_)have read.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用 that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用 that.They were talking about the person and things _they remembered in school.4.当先行词被当先行词被 the only,the last,the very,the same 等等修饰时。等等修饰时。This is the last time _I shall give you a lesson.5.在疑问词在疑问词 which 开头的特殊疑问句中开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用为了避免重复只用 that。Which of the students _ knows something about history.6.当先行词被当先行词被 All,every,no,some,any,little,much 等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用 that。He has little time _ he can spare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词（被修饰成分是代名词 one，指人时除外）只用，指人时除外）只用 that.Ive got one_ you might be interested in.（3）用 which，不用 that 的情况引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Football,_is an interesting game,is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。直接放在介词后作宾语时。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without _ people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。2011上海卷)Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host-第 5 页family.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2011山东卷）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to eachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that2011福建卷）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them tocommunicate freely with each other.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4.10 湖南 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my schoolI met inthe English speech contest last year.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which5.10 全国I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what（四）关系副词（四）关系副词1.when 指时间指时间=in/at/on/during+which；（1）在定语从句中作状语在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year,day,time,week 等）,但时间但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用 that，which，不能用 whene.g.He still remember the day _ he joined the army.做主语Ill never forget the time _/_ we worked on the farm.作状语I still remember the day _/_ is his birthay.做主语He regretted the days _/_ he spent on play.做宾语He rememberes the days_ he spent much money on stories.(2)It is the first time that 句型中，that 是习惯用法，不用 when。e.g.It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.2.where 指地点指地点=in/at/from+which；（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g.I know the factory_/_ I worked twenty years ago.(2)指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用 where，须用 that/which.e.g.This is the house _/_he has lived for 20 years.This is the house_he has lived in for 20 years.e.g.This is the shool _/_ we study every year.This is the shool _/_ we visited yesterday.注：有时注：有时 when,where 相当于相当于“介词介词+which”.e.g.He left the room _/_ he lived last year.(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词注意；抽象地点名词注意；抽象地点名词Stage,occasion,point,case,activity这类词做先行词如果缺状语这类词做先行词如果缺状语wheree.g.I can think of many cases_ drivers know traffic rules but dont follow them.We have reached a point _a change is needed.They have reached the point _they have to separate with each other.Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A whichBthatC/D where3.why 指原因指原因=for which“the reason why.that.”中，不能用 because 代替 that.-第 6 页e.g.Thats the reason_/_he didnt come to school.The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill.但 reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用 that/which,课省略e.g.I dont believe the reason _/_he gave me.关系副词针对性练习关系副词针对性练习2011江苏卷）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval（间隔;幕间,休息时间;距离）,_ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which2011安徽卷）Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for twoor three weeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while2011浙江卷）A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask forit back when it begins to rain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there2011 福建卷）It wasApril 29,2001Prince William and Kate Middleton walked intothe palace hall of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhenCsince Dberore2011陕西卷）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_ we enjoyed asplendid view of the lake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.10 福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planetlife hasdeveloped gradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose7.10 江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister _ she wouldstay for an hour.AwhereB whoC whichD what8.10 天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbersI go.Its only 15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that9.09 上海Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Fluteare bothmuseums now。A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which10.09 四川Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gonemissing two years before.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when11.09 福建Its helpful to put children in a situationthey can see themselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where12.09 浙江I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of myown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why13.09 重庆Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where14.09 北京What do you think of teacher,Bob？-第 7 页I find it fun and challenging.It is a job _ you are doing something serious butinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that（五（五）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当先行词在定于从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语东西如 look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：一是，依据定于从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配，二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，先行词的某种习惯搭配，三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定所要表达的意思来确定，例如：介词介词+关系代词针对性练习关系代词针对性练习1.10 山东 Wind power is an ancient source of energywe may return in the near future.A.on whichB.by whichC.to whichD.from which2.09 陕西Gun control is a subjectAmericans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC.about whichD.into which3.09 江西The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an officebuilding.A.in itB.inC.in thatD.in which4.10 浙江The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many ofleft their villagehomes for a better life in the city.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those5.08 福建By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of MountQomolangma,appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of whichB.on whichC.from whichD.above which6.08 四川For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread out further,NewYork is an example.A.for whichB.in whichC.of whichD.from which（六）（六）.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句1.关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用 who,作宾语用 whom，指地点用 where，指时间 when，指物只用 which，不能用 that，作定语用 whose。e.g.He didnt see the film,which was very interesting.(不用 that)（七）（七）as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句Asuch.as 和和 the sameas 的用法的用法such.as：像像.一样的，像一样的，像.之类；之类；the sameas：和和.同样的同样的在这两个句型中，as 是关系代词，such 和 same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由 as 引导的定语从句的先行词，as 在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg：We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(在从句中作主语)I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语）The result is not the same as they had expected.(在从句中作宾语)重点比较the same as和和 the same that-第 8 页the sameas:和和.相同（代指同类事物相同（代指同类事物）；the same that：和：和.相同（代指同一事物）相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与 the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that 从句中说明的名词与 the same 修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is the same pen that I lost.=This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)This is the same(kind/type/sort)of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）B.such as 的用法的用法.such as 中的 such 为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as 在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。Eg：This book is not such as I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.I have not many,but I will send you such as I have.相关链接：相关链接：such as 还有“诸如，例如，像那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。Eg：They bought a lot of fruit,such as apples,oranges,etc.（八）（八）as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句as 可以像 which 一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：As we knowAs has been said before 如上所述As is known to allAs is often the case 像通常那样As is reportedAs was expected 正如预料的那样Eg：She is very careful,as her work shows.As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.As is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.重点比较重点比较as 和和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别as 和 which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as 和 which 可以和互换。Eg：He didnt tell me any news,as/which upset me.Which 引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而 as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.=Talks between the two countries,as is reported in the newspapers,are making progress.As 与 that 的区别As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。（九）（九）.同位语从句与定语从句区别：同位语从句与定语从句区别：1.同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显-第 9 页区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相相当于名词的作用当于名词的作用）。That 引导的同位语从句中引导词 that 不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用 whether,how 等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一相当于一个形容词的作个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that 在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that 可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句.（1）第一组1We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。2I cant remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。（2）第二组1I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实2I wont believe the fact(that)he told me.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（3）第三组1The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。2The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。例题：1.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.AwhichB whatC thatD where2.Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held?AwhatB whichC thatD where3.There is much chance _ Bill recover from his injury in time for the race.AthatB whichC untilD if4.Is there any possiblility _ you could pick me up at the airport?-No problem.AwhenB thatC whetherD what5.Doriss success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.AwhichB thatC whenD why（十（十.）定语从句中的主谓一致问题）定语从句中的主谓一致问题1.I,who amyour friend,will help you.The student who is playing basketball is my classmate.The only oneThe oneof+c/n pl.定从+单三One of+c/n pl.定从+复数He is the only one of the students who works hard.He is one of the students who work hard.(十一)分隔式定语从句-找准先行词Days are gone_ we could swim in the clever river near our house.There is a man outside the door _ wants to see you.(十二)关系代词与人称代词 指示代词的转换。He has three sons,all of whom are doctors.-第 10 页and all of them are doctors.He failed in the exam,which made his mother angry.and that/it made his mother angry.有并列连词有并列连词 and,but,so 选人称代词，无并列连词选关系代词选人称代词，无并列连词选关系代词（十三）定从与 what 引导的名词性从句的转换Please tell me everything that/空格 you know 宾语Please tell me 宾从Please tell me（十四）先行词+关系词=whatHe is no longerwhathe used to be.He is no longerthe man thathe used to be(十五)定语从句与地点状语从句Please put the book 地点状语从句Please put the book in the place where you can find it easily.In which(十六)定语从句与强调句It is+名词 that（which）定从It is+介词+名词 that 从句（强调句）e.g.thathe was born inwhich.定语从句It is the placein whichWherehe was bornIt is in the place that he was born.强调句（十七）当先行词是 way，表示方式方法时，引导词可用 in which，that，that 可省略。This is the way in whichthatI stu